煤层底板突水预测的理论判据及其应用

本文采用弹塑性力学理论对采煤工作面底板岩层进行了研究,提出了煤层底板突水的预测公式,经过对111个带压开采工作面实例验算,效果较好,从而基本上解决了煤层底板突水的预测问题.     

煤层底板突水突变模型

本文建立了煤层底板突水的一个尖点突变 (cusp)模型 ,并分析了煤层底板失稳破坏发生突水的机制。基于定态曲面方程 ,可求得煤层底板水压应力比 Ip。当 Ip >1时 ,发生突水 ;当 Ip <1时 ,不会发生突水。基于分支曲线方程 ,可求得煤层底板突水临界采动导水裂隙带深度 h1l,当 h1 >h1l 时 ,发生突水 ;当 h1 相似文献   

含水煤岩变形破坏过程电荷感应和微震信号特征试验研究

为了监测煤层注水减弱煤层的冲击倾向性和底板突水增加矿井冲击危险性的效果,利用电荷感应和微震同步监测系统,对平顶山矿井的原煤和砂岩开展单轴压缩下不同含水率煤岩的电荷感应和微震监测试验,获得了不同含水率原煤和砂岩变形破裂过程的电荷感应和微震信号特征。试验结果表明：随着含水率的增大,煤岩峰值应力减小,冲击倾向性减弱,经过浸泡饱和后煤样的峰值应力和砂岩的峰值应力分别降低了21.8%和31.1%;随着含水率的增大,煤样变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应和微震信号事件数都减小,信号强度也降低,电荷感应与微震信号均方值幅值减小,而砂岩变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应和微震信号事件数却增多,信号强度也增强;煤岩变形破裂过程产生的电荷感应信号受水的影响比微震信号受水的影响大。煤层注水后有效降低了矿井的冲击危险性,煤层变形破裂过程产生的电荷感应和微震信号变弱;矿井底板突水时提高了矿井冲击危险性,从而底板变形破裂过程产生的电荷感应和微震信号增强。     

矿井突水危险性评价模型

用数量化理论 (Ⅱ) 〔1〕研究了矿井突水危险性评价问题, 建立了一个实用的矿井突水危险性评价模型, 为煤矿安全评价开辟了一条新途径。     

采动对承压底板断层活化及突水危险性的影响分析

随着煤炭开采深度的增加，受奥灰岩溶底板高承压水的威胁日趋严重，矿井突水事故的频率不断增加，尤其是含断层构造的奥灰岩溶承压底板的情形。本文建立弹塑性多孔介质渗流应力耦合模型；并基于此耦合模型，应用多物理场数值模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics和MATLAB软件编程，结合徐州某矿突水实例，分析了采动影响下承压采...     

底板岩层水力学特性原位测试研究

本文介绍了井下煤层底板岩层水力学特性（含单位涌水量、水压、渗透系数、裂隙导高带等）的钻孔原位测试方法,以太原市东山煤矿为例,详细给出了煤层底板石炭纪太原组和本溪组岩层的含水性态（水压、单位涌水量、渗透系数）及其奥灰水裂隙导高带等测试方法和结果,对承压水上采煤问题具有重要的参考价值。     

基于集对分析模型的岩溶区浅埋穿河隧道突涌水危险性评价

在岩溶区修建隧道常会面临突涌水等地质灾害,尤其是对于浅埋穿河隧道的建设,更是极具挑战性的一项工作。由于隧址区存在断层破碎带、岩体风化程度高、节理裂隙发育等,使得河水入侵隧道的可能性大幅增加。为了有效评价岩溶区浅埋隧道下穿河段突涌水发生的危险性,本研究根据隧址区地质条件及隧道特征,选取了地层岩性、修正的岩层倾角、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带、围岩等级、断层带宽度、断层性质、裂隙发育程度、地表水流量、地表汇水面积、隧道埋深、施工干扰程度共11个影响突涌水的关键因素作为评价指标,建立了岩溶区浅埋穿河隧道突涌水危险性评价体系。首先,采用层次分析法构造判断矩阵确定评价指标的权重,利用集对分析法计算各评价指标的联系度,进而确定评价样本的综合联系度;其次,运用最大隶属度原则识别突涌水风险等级;最后,根据危险性等级与涌水量之间的对应关系,可初步预测突涌水量范围。针对跃龙门隧道下穿高川河浅埋段的突涌水风险,采用集对分析模型进行分析,计算结果显示,危险性评价预测的突涌水量范围为3 000～10 000 m³/d,现场开挖实际涌水量为7 000 m³/d。即危险性评价结...     

水蚀性岩层中的渗流和无机污染物的迁移

介绍水蚀性岩层中的渗流及金属和无机污染物迁移问题．通过对含有污染物的某些蓄水系统中的物理和化学过程的分析得出一些结论，并对这些过程不仅作了详细的说明，而且采用恰当的数学和化学方程加以讨论．在水蚀性岩层中无机污染物的迁移用高渗透率多孔介质中流动的基本方程近似地描述，而对流、水动力学扩散、稀释等影响可作为物理过程来阐述．总的说来，控制裂隙岩体中地下水流动与污染物输运的物理和化学机理是建立水蚀性岩层中无机污染物输运近似方法的基础．     

巷道和峒室底板的稳定性及弯曲变形

本文运用板的压曲理论分析了巷道和峒室底板岩层的稳定性,并将底板隆起量与两帮移近量相结合起来,得出了估算底板弯曲位移的表达式.最后,通过实例分析,验证了理论分析的合理性.     

水垫塘三元流态及消能特征的数值和实验研究

采用数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法对水利工程中高拱坝泄洪水垫塘三元流场进行研究．获得了详细的流态特征，得到了水垫塘三元典型流态概化图．研究了水垫塘消能特性，并据此将塘内水体划分为剪切消能区、撞击消能区和混掺消能区．计算和实验所得的速度场及底板最大冲击动压相比较，二者基本一致．     

岩溶隧道突水灾害形成机理及发展趋势1）

岩溶隧道突水灾害具有“强突发、高水压、大流量、多类型”等显著特点,其灾变演化过程复杂、动力失稳规律尚不清楚.本文系统提出了不同类型突水灾害的发生条件、判据及安全厚度分析方法,剖析了近期研究进展及发展趋势.首先,给出了隧道突水灾害的概念、类型及构成三要素,从系统论角度分析了隧道突水的灾变过程;其次,总结了隧道突水灾害致灾机理、力学模型、失稳判据和最小安全厚度等方面的近期研究成果;最后,从构成三要素角度分析了隧道突水致灾机理方面的现状与问题,并提出了今后的发展趋势与方向,主要有：（1）灾害源固液气三相置换机制与释能模式,（2）突水通道多相物质迁移与流态演化规律,（3）隔水阻泥结构动力灾变演化机理,（4）突水通道破裂形成过程的模拟分析方法等.     

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针对红透山深部断层下巷道围岩破坏诱发的涌水现象,以该矿水文地质条件 为基础,建立了岩体水力学模型,应用岩石破裂过程渗流-应力耦合分析系统 (RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$-Flow)模拟研究了深部断层下巷道围岩破坏过程：裂隙形成、扩展到突水通 道最终贯通形成涌水的全过程. 通过对损伤区分布、应力场和渗流场的演化规律进行分析, 揭示了巷道应力重新分布诱发损伤及渗流涌水规律,对涌水通道进行模拟定位,为红透山铜 矿深部巷道支护防渗设计提供了科学依据.     

TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS OF A RIGID CIRCULAR PLATE ON SATURATED STRATUM OVERLAYING BEDROCK

The torsional vibration of a rigid plate resting on saturated stratum overlaying bedrock has been analysed for the first time. The dynamic governing differential equations for saturated poroelastic medium are solved by employing the technology of Hankel transform. By taking into account the boundary conditions, the dual integral equations of torsional vibration of a rigid circular plate are established, which are further converted into a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Subsequently, the dynamic compliance coefficients of the foundation on saturated stratum, the contact shear stress under the foundation and the angular amplitude of the foundation are evaluated. Numerical results indicate that, when the dimensionless height is bigger than 5, saturated stratum overlaying bedrock can be treated as saturated half space approximately. When the dimensionless frequency is low, the permeability of the soil must be taken into account. Furthermore, when the vibration frequency is a constant, the height of the saturated stratum has a slight effect on the dimensionless contact shear stress under the foundation.     

煤层底板原位综合测试及突水危险性评估

在实施井下钻孔水压致裂地应力测量的同时,评价岩层阻水性能,确定导升带高度,做到一孔多用。测试区实际观测表明,泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、灰岩阻水性能由大到小,导升高度则由小变大,平均导升高度约32m; 地应力测量表明,该测试区原始地应力状态为SH＞Sv＞Sh,最大水平主应力方向NE至NEE。突水临界指数评价表明,-550m水平采煤工作面掘进时突水的可能性较大,应当采取防范措施。     

近场水下爆炸气泡与双层破口结构的相互作用

针对双层结构在水中受到水下爆炸冲击这一问题,利用欧拉有限元数值模型对近场水下爆炸气泡与双层破口结构的相互作用机理进行了研究,分析了舱室涌流及流场演化等规律。首先,通过放电实验对数值模型进行了验证,结果表明,数值结果和实验结果吻合较好;然后,总结了不同破口尺寸、不同起爆位置和不同壳间水位条件下的耦合作用规律。在内部空气、流体惯性以及破口的联合作用下,气泡演化过程中会出现气泡分割现象。当内层破口尺寸系数小于0.5时,内舱室内会出现二次涌流现象,且涌流形态较细长;炸药起爆位置系数小于0.1时,自由液面处会出现破碎和重闭合现象;壳内水位对舱室涌流量的影响作用较为复杂,当水位满舱时,急速涌流会减少船艇的应急时间。     

Nonisothermal displacement of oil by water from thermally noninsulated strata

A study is made of one-dimensional nonisothermal processes of oil displacement by water in the presence of heat transfer between the stratum and the surrounding rocks. The simplest (Newtonian) heat transfer scheme is assumed: The temperature T₀ of the surrounding rocks is assumed to be constant, and the heat flux through the bottom and top of the stratum to be proportional to the difference between the local temperature T of the stratum and T₀. This heat transfer scheme corresponds well to the conditions of laboratory simulation. The stratum is assumed to be thin, and the treatment is limited to the case of the large-scale approximation [1], for which the main mechanism of heat transport in the stratum is convective transport. Solutions are constructed by the method of characteristics [2–5]. An investigation is made of displacement processes in the case of continuous injection of hot water, in the case when a slug of hot water propelled through the stratum by cold water is used, and also in the case when there is a time lag of the thermal effect [6], the initial stage of the displacement being isothermal. The displacement of oil by water whose temperature is lower than the initial temperature of the stratum is considered. The influence of heat transfer on the structure of the displacement front is analyzed. The laws of propagation of the front of the heat wave and the saturation discontinuities are found by quadrature.     

A basis for a theory of nonlocal elastic filtration using the equations of elasticity

The proposed [1–3] nonlocal formulation of the hypothesis that the ground pressure is constant in nonstationary pressure filtration in a deep elastic stratum is derived from the equilibrium equations for the stratum-roof system. The roof is considered to be a flat plate [4] and the floor of the stratum is assumed to be rigid. An equation is established for the scale of the region of influence on the stress and pressure distributions at a point.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 4, pp. 82–86, July–August, 1971.The author wishes to thank V. N. Nikolaevskii for a number of useful observations.     

On modes of buckling for a plate on an elastic foundation

We study flexural stability of a homogeneous plate compressed in its plane and lying on an elastic foundation. There is an elastic stratum between the plate and the foundation. In the case of homogeneous uniform compression, the linear approximation does not answer the question of the shape of buckling. A geometrically nonlinear approach leads to the conclusion that the buckling shape is of staggered character.     

赞比亚谦比西铜矿水文地质条件和疏干方案研究

分析了赞比亚谦比西铜矿水文地质条件的特点及其对矿山防治水的影响。提出了与当地习惯做法不同的本中段为主疏干、放水工程非均匀布置的治水方案 ,以及保证方案得以成功实施所应采取的措施。