船用液压联轴器外套线性强化自增强应力分析

为了提高船用液压联轴器的承载能力,需对联轴器外套进行自增强处理．采用线性强化模型,得到了液压联轴器外套自增强卸载后的残余应力、自增强压力和安装后的应力公式、公式表明最佳径比不仅与材料的屈服极限、弹性模量、线性强化弹性模量有关,还与鲍辛格效应系数有关、结合《船标》中规定尺寸进行了自增强分析,结果表明自增强外套的承载能力与非自增强外套的相比提高近50％．     

试验确定自增强圆筒的表面裂纹K1因子和疲劳扩展规律

本文提供了一种可以进行自增强处理的圆筒试样,通过实验用柔度法确定了该试样的表面裂纹的应力强度因子,介绍了含表面裂纹试样的柔度测试技术,导出了柔度与表面裂纹尖端前缘各点的应力强度因子的关系式,该式可作为各种含表面裂纹试样柔度法测表面裂纹 K_1因子的参考,本文还测定了不同自增强程度下,自增强圆筒的表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律。     

岩石塑性流变与适时支护

本文介绍了作者在现场进行的裸体巷道自稳试验,简单分析了岩石塑性流变的三个阶段.最后,提出确定最佳支护时间的原理和方法.     

巴基管增强镍基自熔合金喷涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特性

采用氧乙炔火焰喷涂法在45#钢表面制备巴基管增强镍基自熔合金复合喷涂层,并利用激光对所得喷涂层进行重熔处理,用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析复合涂层组织结构,在MHK-500型摩擦磨损试验机上测定了油润滑条件下涂层的摩擦学性能.结果表明:激光重熔巴基管增强镍基合金喷涂层均匀、致密且与基体结合牢固;巴基管可以显著提高镍基自熔合金涂层的硬度和在油润滑条件下的耐磨性能,当复合涂层中巴基管质量分数为0.5%时,其耐磨性最佳;巴基管对复合涂层的减摩效果不明显.     

铝基复合材料超精密加工中的刀-屑摩擦磨损性能及模型研究

通过金刚石PCD刀具对非连续SiC增强铝基复合材料的超精密车削加工试验,考察了刀具第二切削变形区(刀具前刀面-切屑间)的摩擦磨损性能,并提出了相应的模型;采用爆炸式快速落刀装置制备出切屑根并分析了积屑瘤的影响因素;采用原子力显微镜对PCD刀具的刃口磨损形貌进行观察,并分析其磨损机理.结果表明:在超精密切削加工非连续增强铝基复合材料的过程中,前刀面仍然有极小的楔型积屑瘤产生;铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能明显优于铝合金,且当SiC增强相达到最佳体积分数(20%～25%)时,其摩擦磨损性能最佳;从刀具的耐磨性角度考虑,在超精密加工非连续增强铝基复合材料时适宜采用金刚石刀具.     

碳化钨几何形状对碳化钨增强镍基合金火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦性能影响

采用火焰喷涂/重熔(Flame spray/fusion)技术,制备碳化钨(20wt%)增强镍基合金涂层,其中碳化钨采用不同几何形状,探讨碳化钨几何形状对涂层显微组织、组成相、微硬度以及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果显示,碳化钨几何形状的确是影响各项性能的重大因素,就抗磨损性能而言,大直径的圆形碳化钨增强效果最佳,而小直径的圆形碳化钨增强效果最差.     

纤维增强聚合物复合材料的摩擦学研究进展

综述了纤维增强聚合物复合材料（ＦＲＰＣ）的研究和发展,主要分析了纤维的最佳含量,纤维方向,纤维混杂以及纤维的表面处理对增强复合材料摩擦学性能的影响及作用机理,讨论了偶件及表面形貌,温度,ｐｖ值和环境因素对其摩擦学性能的影响,简述了国外聚合物复合材料磨损机理的研究现状;并提出了今后研究ＦＲＰＣ应重视的问题。     

自增强厚壁球壳的应力应变分析

目前,工业压力容器广泛采用自增强技术.它的理论基础是理想弹塑性模型,不考虑材料的应变强化和Bauschinger效应,由此计算得到的加压应力、卸压应力和残余应力,与实际结果差别较大. 本文考虑材料的应变强化和Bauschinger效应,采用更接近于实际材料的混合强化模型,通过理论分析和计算,研究了球形压力容器的自增强问题. 1.理论模型描述材料混合强化模型的数学方程为     

应用增量理论考虑应变硬化效应包辛格效应和温度对机械性质影响的自增强厚壁圆筒分析

本文提出的采用增量理论的分析模型和方法可以定量分析应变硬化、包辛格效应和材料机械性质随温度变化等因素对自增强厚壁圆筒中残余应力和操作应力分布的影响.厚壁圆筒看成由N个同轴薄壁圆筒套在一起组成的构件;采用包括弹性、塑性和温度应变的增量型本构关系和相容条件导出了自增强圆筒的基本方程;设计了计算机程序并给出了分析实例。分析结果表明,应变硬化会减小塑性区并降低残余应力;包辛格效应使反向屈服容易出现;温度升高将使残余应力和热应力松驰.     

自增强厚壁圆筒疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析

本文提供了自增强厚壁圆筒疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的可靠性分析的方法和公式,自增强残余应力用符合厚壁筒用钢具有强化和包辛格效应实际性能推得的公式进行计算,残余应力对应的应力强度因子的计算采用了有限元法,得到了工作内压与自增强残余应力共同作用下的厚壁筒应力强度因子公式,通过实验测定了厚壁筒用钢的断裂韧度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率等性能。     

Maximizing working pressure of autofrettaged three layer compound cylinders with considering Bauschinger effect and reverse yielding

One of the most effective methods for increasing capacity of thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels is creating compressive residual stress in their walls. This can be applied by using multilayer shrink fitted or autofrettaged cylinders or combination of these methods. In this study, for a three layer compound cylinder, effects of interference fit values and their locations and autofrettage pressure were studied on the working pressure. Analytical and numerical results show that proper values and locations of the applied interferences can increase the capacity up to two times versus simple cylinder. Applying low-pressure autofrettage (less than one quarter of full autofrettage) on the compound cylinder can more increase the working pressure.     

A Study on Hydraulic Autofrettage of Thick-Walled Cylinders Incorporating Bauschinger Effect

Pressure vessels which are subjected to cyclic external or internal high pressure are used in many fields of industry and need to be sure of reliability and safety. To ensure of reliability and safety, thick-walled cylinder, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, is autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses. The compressive residual stress which was introduced by autofrettage process acts to offset the tensile residual stress induced by internal pressure. It increases operating pressure and restrains crack initiation and crack propagation. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. However, the Bauschinger effect reduces the compressive residual stresses with prior tensile plastic strain, and decreases the beneficial autofrettage effect. There are some differences between theoretical solution considering elastic-perfectly material behavior and real autofrettage process results. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SNCM 8 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. The tensile and uniaxial Bauschinger effect tests of SNCM 8 were performed to evaluate Bauschinger effect factor(BEF), thereafter this constant was used in calculating the residual stress. The residual stress distribution which is considering the Bauschinger effect was profiled using Kendall model, and the results were compared with the analytical and Finite Element analysis. The results were found that residual stress incorporating the Bauschinger effect at bore was smaller than ideal calculation. These results should be considered in designing pressure vessels.     

Residual stresses in thick-walled cylinders resulting from mechanically induced overstrain

Autofrettage is a process for inducing elastic response in thick-walled cylinders subjected to internal pressures which otherwise cause plastic strains. To extend the use of autofrettage to higher pressure applications and to elminate many of the problems encountered in the use of the conventional process based on the use of direct internal hydrostatic pressure, a new technique has been developed which utilizes the mechanical advantage of a sliding wedge to produce the desired bore enlargement. Since the use of a sliding wedge or mandrel will induce shearing forces at the mandrel-cylinder interface, the resultant residual-stress distribution will differ from that theoretically predicted as characteristic of the direct hydrostatic process. It is the purpose of this work to determine the residual-stress distribution as a function of magnitude of overstrain and diameter ratio, and how it affects the reyielding characteristics of cylinders autofrettaged by this technique. Residual-stress distributions, determined by the Sachs boring-out technique for diameter ratios ranging from 1.5 to 2.3 and for several different magnitudes of overstrain, are shown. The shearing force associated with this technique induces substantial longitudinal residual stresses. The increase in the magnitude of this longitudinal residual stress with overstrain and the resultant decrease in the tangential residual stress are shown and discussed. Hydrostatic reyielding tests of autofrettaged cylinders are used to substantiate the decrease of tangential residual stress with increased overstrain. The substantially lower optimum overstrain as compared to the direct hydrostatic technique is shown and discussed. For optimum overstrain, the elastic strength of cylinders autofrettaged by swaging is comparable to that characteristic of the conventional process.     

碳纤维缠绕铝内胆气瓶的有限元分析与自紧设计

碳纤维缠绕铝内胆气瓶应用广泛，由于贮气压力高，安全性特别重要。铝内胆外表缠绕碳纤维的气瓶的重量比金属气瓶轻很多，已从航天航空应用转向民用。这种气瓶的设计和制造，在我国，国家标准还没有公布，在国际上较多采用DOT CFFC标准。本文对气瓶进行深入的有限元分析，参考DOT CFFC标准来讨论气瓶的设计和自紧。如采用其他标准，做法是一样的。本文有限元分析采用ANSYS程序。     

复合材料缠绕壳体结构成型和使用过程多场分析的研究进展

综述了复合材料缠绕壳体结构成型和使用过程的多场分析的国内外近代研究进展, 其中包括:缠绕成型工艺,固化工艺,超压工艺,使用过程中的应力分析,低速冲击损伤等相关问题. 在此基础上, 着重介绍了倍受航天界所关注的含薄壁金属内衬的复合材料缠绕容器的成型工艺和低速冲击损伤一体化研究工作, 并提出了该领域今后还需进一步研究的内容.      

New approach to the autofrettage of high-strength cylinders

The usual method of autofrettage (cold working) for gun tubes utilizes hydraulic pressure applied directly to the bore in order to plastically deform the wall of the tube so that favorable residual-stress patterns are produced. The strength of the tube is effectively increased, providing many associated benefits; however, ultra-high hydraulic pressures are required for high-strength steels since plastic-flow pressure is directly proportional to the yield strength of the material. A new method for the autofrettage of high-strength steel cylinders requiring greatly reduced pressures is developed and described herein. An oversize mandrel is forced through the tube to plastically deform the walls. Three methods of forcing the mandrel are investigated. Mechanical-push swaging is used in the autofrettage of short 5-in. long specimens with pull swaging and hydraulic-push swaging being used on specimens 40 in. long. All specimens are made from 4340 steel heat treated to various strengths. Cylinders with wall ratios ranging from 1.5 to 2.8, yield strengths ranging from 90,000 to 180,000 psi, and percent enlargements at the bore ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 are utilized. An engineering analysis is made investigating such factors as percent enlargement and elastic recovery at the bore, the ratio of pressure required for pushing the mandrel to the yield strength of the material, the effects of various lubricants on the frictional forces involved, and the induced three-dimensional stresses in the cylinder walls. Sach's boring-out technique is used to evaluate induced residual-stress patterns. Strains are recorded with electric-resistance strain gages and the associated dynamic and static instrumentation is described. Results are presented in graph form.     

双线性材料模型机械自紧厚壁圆筒的弹塑性分析

考虑了实际材料的应变硬化和Ｂａｕｓｃｈｉｎｇｅｒ效应，利用合理的简化假设、通过弹塑性分析，得到了计算机械自紧厚壁圆筒的应力、位移、过盈量与自紧度、残余胀大量和冲头推力等机械自紧技术的关键计算公式。本文的理论计算结果与实验值相符合。     

A theory for swaging of discs and lugs

A practical theory for swaging bored holes within plates and cylinders is proposed which can take into account work-hardening in the presence of small plastic strains based upon equivalent stress-strain data. With the appropriate choice of yield function, this theory applies to the swaging of both thin and thick plates under respective plane stress and plane strain conditions. The theory can be adapted further to the autofrettage of open and closed-ended, thick-walled cylinders where similar plane deformations conditions apply. Here swaging refers to the practice in which an oversized plug or sphere is forced into the bore thereby expanding it permanently to leave a residual circumferential compression in the bore material upon removal of the expanding tool. A similar effect results from applying an initial over-pressure to a long thick-walled cylinder in an autofrettage process. Both treatments are employed to enhance the fatigue resistance when the service loading upon the disc or cylinder amounts to a cyclic, circumferential tension within its bore. Strain gauges bonded to the entry face of the plate are used to monitor the circumferential and radial strain distributions both during and after the swaging process. Experimental results presented for swaging of thin and thin annular discs in aluminium alloy show that the measured residual strain distributions concord with the theory for large discs with a 10/1 diameter ratio. The agreement is less satisfactory with the loss in axial symmetry for parallel-sided lugs with a width to hole diameter ratio of 4/1.