METHOD FOR ALONG-TRACK DUAL-ANTENNA AIRBORNE RADAR’S GMTI WHEN THE ATENNA ERROR CHANGES PULSE TO PULSE

This paper presents a joint method of Doppler Beam Sharpen (DBS) imaging and Signal Subspace Processing (SSP) to achieve Ground Moving Target Indication(GMTI) for alongtrack dual-antenna airborne radar. When the error of the two antennas (also refers to channels) changes pulse to pulse, the method SSP is used to precisely calibrate the two antennas‘ DBS images, then to detect the ground moving targets in the difference image of the two calibrated images. The method DBS-SSP is proved to offer performance improvement on the actually measured data and simulated data.     

基于时频图的微动目标运动参数提取和特征识别的方法

空间运动特征是导弹目标识别所依据的主要目标特性之一。该文通过在散射中心模型下,研究了导弹微动时回波的时频变化的特性,并由此提出了一种用于估计多散射点瞬时多普勒的线性和的新方法。对该线性和做傅里叶变化,能够有效地估计目标自旋、锥旋、进动频率,周期等运动参数。在此基础上,提出多普勒线性和的傅里叶谱的波形熵特征可以很好地用于实际中弹头和诱饵的识别。结果表明该方法可有效地区分弹头和诱饵。     

真实数据背景下的SAR运动目标回波信号模拟及应用

该文提出了一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)原始数据模拟方法,将模拟数据和实际测量数据结合在一起形成含有模拟运动目标和真实背景的SAR原始数据,用于对SAR运动目标检测方法的验证和分析。根据SAR的成像原理和运动目标的回波模型,该文给出了将模拟运动目标回波信号和真实背景回波数据叠加的半真实模拟数据的形成方法。通过将合成的数据应用于运动目标的检测试验,验证了方法的有效性。     

顺轨三频三孔径星载SAR的运动目标检测及定位方法研究

杂波背景下,传统的多通道SAR运动目标检测方法在杂波对消后即实施目标检测,并不考虑目标的距离徙动校正,这种做法会丢失某些快速目标,虽能够检测到速度不是特别快的目标,却可能存在测速模糊,难以对其准确定位。对此,该文提出用3频3孔径SAR解决杂波对消后快速目标的多普勒模糊问题,并用双频共轭处理(DFCP)和Keystone变换对动目标解多普勒模糊、进行距离徙动校正,提高信噪比,进而实现对目标的检测、无模糊测速和定位。该方法在可获得与其他方法相当定位精度的同时,扩大了可检测和定位的目标的速度范围。仿真结果证明了该文方法的有效性。     

METHOD FOR ALONG-TRACK DUAL-ANTENNA AIRBORNE RADAR''''S GMTI WHEN THE ATENNA ERROR CHANGES PULSE TO PULSE

IntroductionIn recent years the key methods for the airborne radar's Ground Moving Target Indi-cation(GMTI) are Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP)[1], Synthetic Aperture Radar-Moving Target Indication (SAR-MTI)[2], direct data domain method[3], and so on. Thecharacteristics of the methods are different, STAP needs some space and time degrees offreedom, SAR-MTI needs two precisely corrected SAR images, while direct data domainmethod works with data samples from a single range…     

自适应杂波抑制技术在雷达中的应用

动目标显示(MTI)技术是雷达在杂波环境中发现运动目标的有效手段。首先讨论了雷达信号处理中常用的自适应动目标显示技术,即在多杂波环境下的自适应杂波抑制技术。然后针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的级联MTI滤波器,提出了一种新的设计方法,即采用时变加权原理,通过对动杂波速度估值,实现对运动杂波抑制滤波器权值的优化。最后给出了这2种杂波抑制级联型MTI的工程实现。     

太赫兹雷达宽带STAP算法研究

太赫兹雷达可以对地面进行高帧率高分辨力成像,是太赫兹技术领域研究热点。针对太赫兹雷达宽带高分辨成像与地面动目标检测一体化实现需求,提出了一种基于宽带空时自适应处理(STAP)的地面运动目标检测算法,首次在机载太赫兹雷达上实现了同时对地高分辨雷达成像监视和多通道地面动目标指示(GMTI)检测。机载太赫兹雷达实测数据验证了算法的有效性。     

基于多目标跟踪的空间锥体目标微多普勒频率提取方法

该文在等效散射中心模型下,分析了光滑空间锥体目标进动和章动时回波的微多普勒频率与运动参数的关系。针对目标微多普勒频率的复杂形式,该文提出一种在时频分布(TFD)的基础上,利用多目标跟踪(MTT)技术分离空间锥体目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率变化曲线的方法。该方法首先应用经典的短时傅里叶变换得到回波的TFD,然后将目标在TFD上的时频曲线看作机动目标的航迹,利用MTT技术跟踪TFD上的时频曲线,从而达到提取目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率的目的。实验中利用电磁仿真数据验证了提出算法的有效性。     

战场侦察雷达杂波对消技术

为了进一步改善战场侦察雷达对杂波的抑制能力,通过对递归与非递归动目标显示(MTI)滤波器的性能研究,总结了零级点对MTI滤波器性能的影响。结合战场侦察雷达的特性,设计了3种MTI滤波器模型。通过仿真分析其频谱特性和改善因子,结果表明,在不同的杂波背景下,选择设计相应的MTI滤波器,能够有效抑制杂波,并能得到较大的改善因子。     

DBS高分辨成像及动目标轨迹处理

简述了DBS成像方法的一般工作原理,经分析得出：在SAR／GMTI模式下,通过聚焦处理技术可有效的提高成像质量,并可通过多普勒搬移方法,将检测出的动目标在雷达图像中的方位位移去除,还原到其应该在的图像位置,得到动目标运动轨迹。利用雷达实测数据进行处理,得出了较满意的结果。     

Real extended scene and moving target multi-channel SAR raw signal simulation

A real extended scene and moving targets multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） raw signal simulator accounting for Inertial Navigation System （INS） errors and antenna patterns is presented in this paper. INS errors are obtained by solving INS error differential equations with Runge-Kutta method. A high resolution SAR image is used to estimate the complex reflectance of real extended scene. Extended scene and moving target are simulated separately and then are superposed in time domain. The simulated multi-channel SAR data can be used for development of multi-channel SAR Ground Moving Target Indication （SAR-GMTI） and also can be used for development of SAR motion compensation.     

Improved MIMO radar GMTI via cyclic-shift transmission of orthogonal frequency division signals

Minimum detectable velocity (MDV) and maximum detectable velocity are both important in ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems. Smaller MDV can be achieved by longer baseline via multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Maximum detectable velocity is decided by blind velocities associated with carrier frequencies, and blind velocities can be mitigated by orthogonal frequency division signals. However, the scattering echoes from different carrier frequencies are independent, which is not good for improving MDV performance. An improved cyclic-shift transmission is applied in MIMO GMTI system in this paper. MDV performance is improved due to the longer baseline, and maximum detectable velocity performance is improved due to the mitigation of blind velocities via multiple carrier frequencies. The signal model for this mode is established, the principle of mitigating blind velocities with orthogonal frequency division signals is presented; the performance of different MIMO GMTI waveforms is analysed; and the performance of different array configurations is analysed. Simulation results by space–time–frequency adaptive processing proves that our proposed method is a valid way to improve GMTI performance.     

Novel method of moving target detection for dual-channel was radar based on compressed sensing

We propose a ground moving target detection method for dual-channel Wide Area Sur- veillance （WAS） radar based on Compressed Sensing （CS）. Firstly, the method of moving target detection of the WAS radar is studied. In order to reduce the sample data quantity of the radar, the echo data is randomly sampled in the azimuth direction, then, the matched filter is used to perform the range direction focus. We can use the compressive sensing theory to recover the signal in the Doppler domain. At last, the phase difference between the two channels is compensated to suppress the clutter. The result of the simulated data verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于最小二乘估计和小波去噪的ATI-SAR自适应相位校正方法

ATI-SAR系统要求两个通道的相位特性准确匹配。该文分析了ATI-SAR系统相位误差的来源,建立了ATI-SAR系统相位误差的数学模型。提出了一种基于最小二乘估计和小波去噪的ATI-SAR自适应相位校正方法,给出了该相位校正方法的处理流程。计算机仿真证明在没有平台速度、偏航角等先验知识的情况下该方法仍可有效补偿ATI-SAR系统的相位误差,而且相位缠绕时,不需进行相位解缠。     

广域监视动目标检测模式下动目标点迹仿真及轨迹关联方法研究

由于可以在较短时间内对大范围区域进行动目标监视,广域监视动目标检测(Wide Area Surveillance, WAS-GMTI)模式已经成为机载监视雷达的一种重要工作模式。目前具备WAS-GMTI工作模式的系统较少,实际数据较难获得,严重影响了对WAS-GMTI中相关处理算法的验证。该文提出一种基于电子地图路网信息的WAS-GMTI动目标点迹仿真方法。该方法根据载机和电子地图路网信息直接产生动目标信息,避免了仿真场景回波所需的大量运算,而且产生的动目标信息可以合理地融合到真实地理环境中。此外,联合对同一动目标的多次观测信息,该文还给出了一种动目标的轨迹关联方法。仿真结果验证了该文所提方法的有效性。     

分布式小卫星SAR顺轨基线解耦合分析

地面动目标检测是分布式小卫星SAR研究的热点之一,但是分布式小卫星的空间构形导致混合基线的存在,使得地形变化和地面目标运动引起的相位难以区分以致从地面杂波中发现动目标非常困难。该文利用矢量法分析了基线耦合产生的原因,研究了一种能够实现顺轨基线解耦合的轨道构形,计算和仿真表明该文的方法能够有效地把影响动目标检测的垂直航迹基线引起的相位去除。     

基于MIMO-SAR体制的空频域自适应动目标检测技术研究

多发多收星载SAR使用多天线从不同的相位中心发射正交编码信号,多个接收相位中心接收回波后形成多通道信号,显著增大了空间自由度,有利于地面动目标检测.该文研究了多发多收星载SAR空时自适应信号处理进行地面动目标检测的技术,针对星载SAR回波信号的特点,在研究空频自适应处理算法的基础上,使用基于特征值分解的空频自适应处理算法对多发多收星载SAR的杂波进行抑制,最后完成对动目标的检测.仿真数据处理结果验证了该文方法的有效性.     

基于压缩感知的双通道SAR地面运动目标检测方法研究

针对目前双通道SAR地面运动目标检测(GMTI)方法采样数据量过大的问题,该文提出一种基于压缩感知的双通道SAR运动目标检测方法。该方法首先沿方位向进行随机稀疏采样得到双通道原始回波数据,然后通过匹配滤波方法实现距离向聚焦,并利用压缩感知技术实现方位聚焦,最后运用传统相位中心偏置天线(DPCA)技术进行杂波抑制。通过公式推导从理论上分析了该算法利用双通道方位稀疏采样数据实现杂波抑制的可行性,同时详细分析了运动参数对目标成像的影响。仿真与实测数据实验表明该算法在方位向欠采样情况下仍具有良好的杂波抑制性能。     

FMCW-SAR体制下快速运动目标检测与成像方法

针对调频连续波合成孔径雷达(FMCW-SAR)体制下的快速运动目标检测与成像问题,该文提出一种双通道FMCW-SAR动目标检测和成像新方法。该方法考虑到调频连续波固有的特点,将多普勒频移补偿和偏置相位天线(DPCA)技术结合,进行杂波抑制,检测动目标。并针对快速运动目标的散焦和多普勒谱分裂等问题,采用Keystone变换、方位去斜等方法实现快速运动目标的重聚焦。最后,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Relationship of target recognition performance and radar waveform parameters

Target recognition performance can be affected by radar waveform parameters. In this paper, we established rigorous relationship between target recognition efficiency and the parameters of a repeatedly transmitted waveform. It is based on Kullback-Leibler Information Number of single observation (KLINs), which measures the dissimilarity between targets depicted by a range-velocity double spread density function in frequency domain. We considered two signal models which are dif-ferent in the coherence of the observations. The method we proposed takes advantage of the meth-odology of sequential hypothesis test, and then the recognition performance in terms of correct clas-sification rate is expressed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Simulation results about the parameters of LFM signal show the validity of the method.