A multilayered acoustic hyperlens with acoustic metamaterials

The acoustic hyperlens can be realized by an alternating layered structure of water and fluid with negative mass density. Based on this alternating layered principle, we propose that an acoustic metamaterial consisting of three layers in water background can be designed to replace the fluid with negative mass density. The effective mass density and bulk modulus of the system which is composed of acoustic metamaterial and water are functions of the frequency. The effective mass density of such a system is close to the negative mass density of the fluid at a specific frequency; thus an acoustic metamaterial hyperlens can be achieved.     

暗声学超材料研究

由于普通材料的固有耗散在低频区域的微弱性,长久以来,低频声波的衰减一直都是一个颇具挑战性的任务.为了能够在100—1000Hz范围内完全吸收某些频率的低频声波,文章作者设计了一种薄膜型的暗声学超材料样品:它是由在弹性薄膜上镶嵌有一些非对称性的硬质金属片而制成.实验表明,该样品在低频区域几乎能够百分之百地吸收声波,而在共振吸收频率处,空气中的声波波长要比薄膜的厚度大3个数量级以上.当共振发生时,硬质金属片的"拍动"导致很大的弹性曲率能量聚集在金属片的边界附近.由于薄膜的拍动模式与声波的辐射模式仅存在微弱的耦合作用,而弹性薄膜的整体能量密度又比入射声波的能量密度大2—3个数量级,该样品本质上是一个开放的共振腔,这也是它能够高效地吸收低频声波的原因所在.     

超宽带声螺旋结构

超材料慢声器件具有非常灵活的相位控制能力,能够实现超薄的声透镜、声学整流器和声学自加速发生器等多种声学功能器件。但是,大多数慢声器件存在严重的色散、界面阻抗不匹配等问题,限制慢声器件只能在较窄的带宽工作。文章介绍了一种全新的螺旋型慢声器件,回顾了均匀螺距的螺旋结构超材料和螺距连续变化的螺旋结构超材料,深入分析了实现宽带零色散慢声器件和宽带高耦合效率的慢声器件的基本原理和设计规则。这些慢声器件可通过调整结构的螺距来灵活实现相位调节。最后,文章从数值和实验两个方面证明了按照一定规律排列的螺旋结构型超材料单元可以将入射的平面声波转换成按预设抛物线轨迹传输的艾里声束。     

A bridge between acoustic metamaterials and quantum computation

Acoustic waves are one necessary ingredient for many useful tasks.To complete these tasks,acoustic waves need to be transmitted in certain ways,and sometimes,people would like them to be transmitted in ways that are unnatural through passive devices.The latter seemingly unrealistic wish became true with the advent of acoustic metamaterials,which sunrises people very much.Acoustic metamaterials are artificial materials made of well-designed microstructures[1].     

二维磁流变包层声学超材料*

该文构建了以钨为内核、环氧树脂为基体、磁流变弹性体作为包层的二维局域共振型声学超材料,采用有限元方法分析了声波的能带结构、透射率、振动模。研究结果表明:利用外磁场可以调控磁流变弹性体包层的弹性模量,从而调节声学超材料带隙的中心位置和宽度,还可以通过改变磁流变弹性体包层的厚度来调节带隙的中心位置和宽度。这些方法对可调型声学超材料的设计有重要的参考意义。     

声子晶体和声学超构材料

声子晶体和声学超构材料进一步拓展了自然界中声学材料的弹性波性质.这种人工的复合结构材料,由于其周期结构的布拉格散射和局域共振特性,使得其具有奇异的色散特征,在某些频段具有负的有效弹性参数,带来了许多新颖的声学传播效应,例如声子带隙效应、负折射效应、超棱镜效应、超透镜效应、异常透射效应、异常隔声效应等.与此同时,在声子晶体和声学超构材料表面,一类具有亚波长特性的声表面倏逝波也引起了人们的关注,研究其激发、传播、耦合的过程对揭示声子晶体和声学超构材料的奇异声传播效应的物理本质具有重要意义.声子晶体和声学超构材料作为一类新型的人工声学结构材料,在隔声、防振、热控制以及新型声学器件研发等方面具有巨大的应用前景.文章综述了近十几年来国际国内关于声子晶体和声学超构材料的研究进展,并对其未来的研究发展方向做一评述.     

Subwavelength discrete solitons in nonlinear metamaterials

We present the first study of subwavelength discrete solitons in nonlinear metamaterials: nanoscaled periodic structures consisting of metal and nonlinear dielectric slabs. The solitons supported by such media result from a balance between tunneling of surface plasmon modes and nonlinear self-trapping. The dynamics in such systems, arising from the threefold interplay between periodicity, nonlinearity, and surface plasmon polaritons, is substantially different from that in conventional nonlinear dielectric waveguide arrays. We expect these phenomena to inspire fundamental studies as well as potential applications of nonlinear metamaterials, particularly in subwavelength nonlinear optics.     

动态质量密度和声学超常介质

复合介质的质量密度通常认为是组成它的各种成分的质量密度的体平均值.体平均质量密度常常被用于计算在长波长极限下的声波速度,在此极限下波长比复合介质中的特征尺度要大得多.作者通过严格的数学推导证明,计算（长波长极限下的）波速时所用到的动态质量密度与静态的体平均质量密度有显著的不同.这一发现与最近的实验结果符合得非常好,并且使得声学超常介质的实现成为可能.这两种质量密度之所以不同的物理根源就在于,在波场中复合介质中的各个成分之间有相对的运动.也就是说,隐含的假定——在长波长极限下复合介质中的各个成分必定会全体同相地运动——将不再正确,尤其是当各个成分的声学阻抗之间有较大的差异时.实验和理论显示,对于局域共振声学材料而言,动态质量密度甚至还会变成是负的.文章探讨了这一发现的物理意义,以及它在声学超常介质领域的应用.     

动态质量密度和声学超常介质

复合介质的质量密度通常认为是组成它的各种成分的质量密度的体平均值.体平均质量密度常常被用于计算在长波长极限下的声波速度,在此极限下波长比复合介质中的特征尺度要大得多.作者通过严格的数学推导证明,计算(长波长极限下的)波速时所用到的动态质量密度与静态的体平均质量密度有显著的不同.这一发现与最近的实验结果符合得非常好,并且使得声学超常介质的实现成为可能.这两种质量密度之所以不同的物理根源就在于,在波场中复合介质中的各个成分之间有相对的运动.也就是说,隐含的假定——在长波长极限下复合介质中的各个成分必定会全体同相地运动——将不再正确,尤其是当各个成分的声学阻抗之间有较大的差异时.实验和理论显示,对于局域共振声学材料而言,动态质量密度甚至还会变成是负的.文章探讨了这一发现的物理意义,以及它在声学超常介质领域的应用.     

Coupled resonant modes in twisted acoustic metamaterials

Acoustic metamaterials constructed by resonant microelements in subwavelength scale were generally characterized by the effective medium approximation theory, which neglects the interaction between adjacent elements. In this paper, we show that twisting the orientation of resonators in acoustic metamaterials produces secondary coupled resonant modes by introducing internal vibration interaction. Metamaterials composed of a single-slit Helmholtz resonator arranged in two-dimensional square lattice are investigated. We rotate a portion of the resonator so that the adjacent resonators in a ??X direction have a twist angle of ??. For the system with ??=180^°, the coupling interaction produces the symmetric coupled mode in in-phase oscillation and the antisymmetric coupled mode in out-of-phase oscillation. This acoustic analog of ??hybridization effect?? leads to a sharp transparency window in the extended locally-resonant forbidden gap, which is analogous to the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency. Such coupled resonant modes may have potential applications in sound wave manipulations such as acoustic filtering and imaging.     

声学超材料与超表面研究进展

声学超材料是一种人工设计结构的材料,具有超越自然界材料行为的特性,如负折射、反常多普勒效应、平面聚焦等.本文主要介绍了声学超材料近二十年来的相关研究进展,重点论述了超原子声学超材料、超分子声学超材料、超原子簇和超分子簇声学超材料.最后简要介绍了近五年来声学超表面的研究概况和发展趋势.     

Pulsed acoustic radiation of plane damped transducers

The first step of a Fourier expansion is used to calculate particle velocities induced by disc-shaped transducers which are assumed perfectly damped and excited by a step wise function. A more direct method is then based on spherical shock wave expansion. This method leads to the definition of the pulse-optics equivalent of Huygens-particle.The first application of the method deals with the plane reflection of an acoustic beam. Then, using more realistic assumptions and with the help of a computer, the radiation patterns produced by plane circular transducers of varying diameters and mechanical Q factors fed by an electric step signal are obtained. There are, in general, regions where the acoustic energy is concentrated which correspond to regions of pseudo-focusing, the location of which may be compared with those of the Fresnel Zones in continuous waves. To conclude, the difficulties of echographic applications in the medical field are outlined.     

Anisotropic metamaterials for full control of acoustic waves

We study a class of acoustic metamaterials formed by layers of perforated plates and producing negative refraction and backward propagation of sound. A slab of such material is shown to act as a perfect acoustic lens, yielding images with subwavelength resolution over large distances. Our study constitutes a nontrivial extension of similar concepts from optics to acoustics, capable of sustaining negative refraction over extended angular ranges, with potential application to enhanced imaging for medical and detection purposes, acoustofluidics, and sonochemistry.     

Design of an acoustic bending waveguide with acoustic metamaterials via transformation acoustics

Transformation acoustics is employed to design an acoustic bending waveguide. A two-dimensional square area with anisotropic and homogeneous material properties is transformed into a fan-shaped area with anisotropic and inhomogeneous material properties to rotate the direction of beam propagation. An alternating layered structure is considered to approximate a medium with anisotropic material properties. From the calculation results, the transformation medium can be realized by an alternating layered structure consisting of water and fluid with negative mass density. We propose that an acoustic metamaterial composed of three layers in water background can be designed to replace negative mass density fluid. The effective mass density and bulk modulus of the system that is composed of the acoustic metamaterial and water are dependent on the incident frequency and the geometric size of the acoustic metamaterial. We tune the geometric size of the acoustic metamaterial to approach the corresponding mass density distribution of the negative mass density fluid at a specific frequency. Thereby, the acoustic bending waveguide designed by using transformation acoustics can be achieved by the acoustic metamaterials.     

Frequency separation of surface acoustic waves in layered structures with acoustic metamaterials

We show theoretically that in elastic layered structures containing an upper layer of smoothly varied thickness and a substrate of a highly dispersive metametarial it is possible to significantly enhance spatial frequency separation of surface acoustic waves. Theory of Love surface acoustic waves propagation in waveguides with varied thickness, taking into account mutual modes coupling, is built. Appropriate structure of metamatererial with resonant frequency dependence of material parameters, making frequency separation effective, is provided. Efficiency of spatial frequency separation and modes coupling is calculated for various metamaterial parameters and wave frequencies.     

A mechanical model for weakly damped solitons

A simple mechanical model permits to recover the main properties of adiabatically weakly damped solitons which may be described in terms of a particle in a potential well. The adiabatic damping rate and the tail amplitude are obtained. Three examples are chosen which cover a wide field of nonlinear physics.     

Effective parameters and energy of acoustic metamaterials and media

An approach is proposed to describe a general form of acoustic media, in particular, acoustic metamaterials, based on their modeling with the simplest discrete periodic structures. The parameters of the discrete models, determined from the dispersion equation, are taken as the effective parameters of the modeled media. Transfer to an effective continuous medium is achieved by uniform distribution of these parameters over the length of the periodicity cell. It is shown that all of the wave motion characteristics of the medium, including the energy characteristics, are expressed through the effective parameters thus introduced. The necessary formulas are derived. Examples are given. The proposed method is useful for designing acoustic materials with the given wave properties.     

From discrete rotational bands to damped rotational motion

We present shell model calculations for warm rotating nuclei, combining the cranked Nilsson mean field and a residual surface-delta two-body interaction. The model is used to describe the transition from the region of well-defined rotational bands into the region dominated by rotational damping, and the results are in overall agreement with the experimental findings.     

Unidirectional acoustic metamaterials based on nonadiabatic holonomic quantum transformations

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum transformations(NHQTs)have attracted wide attention and have been applied in many aspects of quantum computation,whereas related research is usually limited to the field of quantum physics.Here we bring NHQTs into constructing a unidirectional acoustic metamaterial(UDAM)for shaping classical beams.The UDAM is made up of an array of three-waveguide couplers,where the propagation of acoustic waves mimics the evolution of NHQTs.The excellent agreement among analytical predictions,numerical simulations,and experimental measurements confirms the great applicability of NHQTs in acoustic metamaterial engineering.The present work extends research on NHQTs from quantum physics to the field of classical waves for designing metamaterials with simple structures and may pave a new way to design UDAMs that would be of potential applications in acoustic isolation,communication,and stealth.