顶空进样气相色谱法检测啤酒中乙醛

建立了项空自动进样气相色谱法测定啤酒发酵液中乙醛含量的方法.检测条件优化为:顶空进样器平衡温度70℃,平衡时间30 min;色谱柱初始温度40℃,经程序升温10℃/min到180℃;柱流量1.2 mL/min,加盐量1.8g.对不同浓度的乙醛标准溶液进样测定,标准曲线证明线性良好,R2为0.999,线性范围2～64 m...     

Novel headspace gas chromatographic method for determination of oxalate in oxygen delignification liquor

A novel headspace gas chromatographic (HS-GC) method is demonstrated for an indirect determination of oxalate in oxygen delignification liquors. A small volume (50-100 microL) of liquor sample is introduced into a sampling vial that contains 1.0 mL of 2 mol/L sulfuric acid. After removal of carbon dioxide (generated from carbonate in the acidic medium) by heating, the sample was mixed with a 0.5 mL of 0.02 mol/L potassium permanganate solution in a closed testing vial. At an elevated temperature (70 degrees C), the oxalate in the sample is rapidly converted to carbon dioxide by reacting with permanganate. The carbon dioxide in the headspace can be measured by gas chromatography with a thermal conductive detector. Using a multiple headspace extraction (MHE) measurement technique, the kinetics of formation of the carbon dioxide from the other organic species in the sample can be determined, and thus a correction can be made for minimizing the interferences. The present method is simple, accurate and can be easily automated.     

Rapid determination of ethanol in fermentation liquor by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography

This paper reports a full evaporation (FE) headspace gas chromatographic (GC) method for rapid determination of ethanol in fermentation liquor. The data show that ethanol in the fermentation liquor was transferred to the vapor phase (headspace) almost completely within 3 min at a temperature of 105 °C when a very small volume (<50 μL) of sample was directly added to a sealed headspace sample vial (20 mL). The ethanol in the vapor phase was then measured by headspace GC using a flame ionization detector. The results show that the present method has an excellent measurement precision (RSD = 1.62%) and accuracy (recovery = 98.1 (±1.76%)) for the ethanol quantification in fermentation liquors. The method requires no sample pretreatment and is very simple and rapid.     

Determination of microstickies in recycled whitewater by headspace gas chromatography

This study proposed a novel headspace gas chromatographic (HS-GC) method for determination of adhesive contaminants (microstickies) in recycled whitewater, a fiber containing process stream, in the paper mill. It is based on the adsorption behavior of toluene (as a tracer) on the hydrophobic surface of microstickies, which affects the apparent vapor-liquid equilibration partitioning of toluene. It was found that the equilibrium concentration of toluene in the vapor phase is inversely proportional to the apparent effective surface area of microstickies that remain in the corresponding solution. Thus, the amount of microsticky materials in the recycled whitewater can be quantified by HS-GC via indirect measurement of the toluene content in the vapor phase of the sample without any pretreatment. The presented method is simple, rapid and automated.     

顶空进样-气相色谱法检测乳制品中硫氰酸盐的含量

建立了顶空进样气相色谱法测定乳制品中硫氰酸盐含量的方法。乳制品中硫氰酸盐用水提取,然后用乙酸锌溶液沉淀蛋白质,将提取液离心,取上清液加入氯胺T将硫氰酸离子衍生为氯化氰,顶空进样,经BP10(14%氰丙基苯基聚硅氧烷)气相色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测,外标法定量,同时对衍生剂用量、顶空加热时间和保温温度进行了优化。结果表明: 硫氰酸盐在0.005～0.1 mg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.997,定量限(以信噪比(S/N)≥10计)为0.1 mg/kg。在1.0、2.0、10.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,加标回收率为90.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=10)为4.98%～7.89%。该方法操作简便、快速、稳定性好,可用于乳制品中硫氰酸盐的测定,能满足日常检测要求。应用该法对市售的18种乳制品进行了检测,发现所测乳制品皆含有硫氰酸盐,含量大约在0.5～10 mg/kg。     

Determination of binding-dioxygen in dioxygen complexes by headspace gas chromatography

Dioxygen complexes play important roles in organisms' bodies, so the determination of binding-dioxygen has practical significance. A simple and robust method based on headspace gas chromatography was proposed to determine the binding-dioxygen in dioxygen complexes. By measuring the content change of nitrogen gas in a vial, the amount of oxygen released from dixoygen complexes can be determined. The method was validated using potassium chlorate as model sample, and the results exhibited good recoveries (90-99%) with the relative standard deviation less than 8%. It was also used to analyze dioxygen complex of cobalt bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylenediimine and polyamine cobalt complexes prepared by solid-phase reaction.     

Determination of acidic and basic species by headspace gas chromatography

This paper reported a novel headspace gas chromatographic (GC) technique on quantification of acidic and basic species. It is based on an acid-base reaction between the measured species and bicarbonate in an aqueous solution, which generates carbon dioxide in a closed headspace sample vial. By operating at 60 degrees C, carbon dioxide is completely released to the headspace and thus can be measured by GC with a thermal conductivity detector. Bicarbonate concentrations of 0.030 and 0.0025 mol/L are recommended for general applications and very small species content, respectively. This method is able to accurately measure small sample sizes (down to few milligrams or microliters). The present method is simple, accurate, and automatic.     

Studies on the aroma of cupuassu liquor by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometric detection and with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) was employed to identify possible odor-impact volatile organic compounds in cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) liquor, as well as to quantify alkylpyrazines present in these samples. SPME fibers coated with 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 65 microm PDMS-divinylbenzene (DVB) and 75 microm Carboxen (CAR)-PDMS were tested, the later being chosen for the optimized extraction procedure. The principal compounds found in the sample headspace were 3-methylbutanal, dimethylsulfide, dimethyldisulfide, beta-linalool and several alkylpyrazines (notably tetramethylpyrazine). The procedure for quantitation of the alkylpyrazines, using GC-AED for their separation and detection, allowed the detection of microg g(-1) levels of the analytes in the samples, with acceptable precision (R.S.D. less than 10%).     

Determination of carbonate content in barite ore by headspace gas chromatography

This paper reports a method for determining the carbonate content in barite ore using headspace gas chromatography. Based on the acidification reaction, the carbonate in the barite ore was converted to CO₂ in a closed headspace vial. When the carbonate content was significant, the pressure caused changes in the CO₂ and O₂ signals and affected the measurement accuracy. It was found that carbonate content is proportional to the intensity ratio of the CO₂ to O₂ signals. Thus, the carbonate content in barite ore can be measured indirectly using a theoretical model. The results showed that the carbonate in 3 g of barite ore sample with a particle size of 74 μm could react completely with a hydrochloric acid solution (2 mol/L) at 65°C for 5 min. The method described herein had good precision (relative standard deviation < 4.14%) and accuracy (relative differences < 6.12%). Further, the limit of quantification was 0.07 mol/L. Owing to its simplicity and speed, this method can be used for the batch determination of carbonate content in barite ore.     

顶空气相色谱法测定三氯蔗糖中的有机溶剂残留

建立了顶空气相色谱法(HSGC)同时测定三氯蔗糖中甲醇、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯残留量的分析方法。用Angilent Innowax毛细柱,程序升温,FID检测器,以保留时间定性,外标法定量,探讨了盐溶液、相比、平衡温度、平衡时间和振荡幅度等因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明,以100 g/L NaCl溶液为溶解液,取1mL溶液于20 mL顶空瓶中,平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为15 min,振荡幅度低的条件下,该方法线性关系良好,3种物质线性方程的相关系数r在0.9999~1之间;方法精密度RSD(n=6)小于2.0%。三氯蔗糖样品的加标平均回收率均在95%以上。     

Rapid determination of methanol in black liquors by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography

This paper reported a full evaporation headspace gas chromatographic (GC) technique for determination of methanol content in black liquors (pulping spent liquor). In this method, a very small volume (10-20 microL) of liquor sample is introduced into a headspace sample vial (20 mL) and heated up to a temperature of 105 degrees C. A near-complete mass transfer of methanol from the liquid phase to vapor phase (headspace), i.e., a full evaporation, can be achieved within 3 min. The methanol in the headspace of the vial is then measured by GC. The present method is simple, rapid and accurate.     

顶空气相色谱法测定利巴韦林中的残留溶剂

利用顶空气相色谱法测定利巴韦林中甲醇、乙醇残留量 ,方法的回收率为 93 0 %～ 98 0 % ,甲醇的最低检测浓度为 1 3 6 μg/g ,乙醇的最低检测浓度为7 0 μg/g,相对标准偏差 <1 0 %。     

Determination of the solubility of inorganic salts by headspace gas chromatography

This work reports a novel method for determination of salt solubility using headspace gas chromatography. A very small amount of volatile compound (such as methanol) is added in the studied solution. Due to the molecular interaction in the solution, the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) partitioning coefficient of the volatile species will change with different salt contents in the solution. Therefore, the concentration of volatile species in the vapor phase is proportional to the salt concentration in the liquid phase, which can be easily determined by headspace gas chromatography. Until the salt concentration in the solution is saturated, the concentration of volatile compound in the vapor phase will continue to increase further and a breakpoint will appear on the VLE curve. The solubility of the salts can be determined by the identification of the breakpoint. It was found that the measured solubility of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate in aqueous solutions is slightly higher (about 6-7%) than those reported in the literature method. The present method can be easily applied to industrial solution systems.     

顶空气相色谱法测定聚苯乙烯日用品中可溶性苯乙烯单体

应用带有顶空进样器气相色谱仪,采用外标法定量,分别以乙醇、乙醇 水作提取剂,分析了聚苯乙烯日用品中可溶性苯乙烯的含量,并对其提取温度、时间进行了研究。在选择的色谱条件下,用乙醇、乙醇 水提取苯乙烯标准溶液分别在0.8～5000mg L、0.1～200mg L浓度间呈现良好的线性关系,检出限<0.1mg L,其相对标准偏差分别为3.2%、5.9%。     

Determination of epoxy groups in epoxy resins by reaction-based headspace gas chromatography

This work reports on a new method for the determination of epoxy groups in epoxy resins by reaction-based headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). After epoxy resins reacted with hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, the remaining HCl reacted with bicarbonate solution in a closed headspace vial to form carbon dioxide that was measured by HS-GC. It was found that the first reaction can be finished in 30 min at room temperature and the second reaction, together with headspace equilibration, can be achieved within 15 min at 60 °C. The results showed that the method has a good precision and accuracy, in which the relative standard deviation in the repeatability measurement was 4.20%, and the relative differences between the data obtained by the HS-GC method and the reference method were within 8.04%. The present method is simple, efficient, and suitable for the used in the epoxy resin related research and applications.     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的研究

建立了盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法.选用大口径HP-快速GC残留溶剂柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,外标法进行定量,并对顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、供试品溶液的制备方法对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究.甲醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为 0.41～8.10 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.15～3.00 μg/mL(r=0.9995)、0.20～4.01 μg/mL(r=0.9991)、0.32～6.35 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.36～7.11 μg/mL(r=0.9999);平均回收率范围96.30%～105.47%,精密度RSD(n=6)2.1%～3.7%;检出限分别为0.2、0.008、0.003、0.04、0.04 μg/mL.