多组份计算中封闭性模型研究

在使用单速度多组份方法计算多介质混合网格中的物理量时,需要给出一种封闭模型来使控制方程封闭。本文分析了压力增量相等封闭性模型存在基础遭到破坏的原因,之后在保证流场守恒性的前提下构造可以保证假设基础的可解方程组对压力增量相等封闭性模型进行修正,给出了一种改进方法。使用改进的模型进行了爆轰驱动飞片问题的计算,计算结果表明,改进的模型能很好的追踪物质界面和冲击波位置,同时较好的抑制界面处压力、内能震荡。     

固体炸药爆轰与惰性介质相互作用的一种扩散界面模型

提出一种保持热力学一致性的扩散界面模型,用来数值模拟固体炸药爆轰与惰性介质的相互作用问题。基于混合网格内各组分物质间可以达到力学平衡状态而不能达到热学平衡状态的假设,由混合网格能量守恒以及压力相等条件,推导出每种组分物质的体积分数演化方程。由此获得的扩散界面模型包括组分物质的质量守恒方程、混合物质的动量及总能量守恒方程,同时包括组分物质的体积分数演化方程和混合物质的压力演化方程。该扩散界面模型的主要特点是考虑了化学反应以及热学非平衡的影响。提出的扩散界面模型在物质界面附近不会出现物理量的非物理振荡现象、适用于任意表达形式的物质状态方程以及任意数目的惰性介质。     

一种修正的低温流体空化流动计算模型

为了更准确地预测低温流体的空化流动特性, 基于Kubota空化模型, 对蒸发和凝结源项进行修正, 建立了一种考虑热力学效应的空化模型. 分别采用原始和修正的Kubota空化模型, 计算了绕对称回转体液氮的空化流动, 通过与实验结果的比较对修正的空化模型进行了评价. 结果表明, 与原Kubota空化模型比较, 修正的空化模型由于考虑了热力学效应, 计算获得的蒸发量减小, 凝结量增大, 空穴长度减小, 空穴界面形态呈模糊状态.计算结果与实验结果更加一致, 说明修正的空化模型能准确的描述低温流体空化过程的质量传输过程, 能够更准确模拟低温流体中的空化流动特性.      

多介质流体力学计算的谱体积方法

针对高维及多物理耦合计算耗费大等困难,设计适合多介质流动模拟的模板紧致、易于并行、高阶精度、计算耗费小的谱体积方法。该方法是求解双曲型守恒率谱体积方法的直接推广,针对多介质流动物质界面捕捉的困难,利用拟守恒格式的思想避免物质界面处的非物理振荡。数值模拟结果表明,本方法具有高阶精度、高分辨率,且节约计算量,并且可以有效避免物质界面处非物理振荡。     

分区界面元-有限元-无限元混合模型

利用界面元良好的相容性,引入过渡界面元的概念．实现了界面元与有限元二种数值计算方法的结合,并提出了一种界面元-有限元-无限元混合模型。这种混合模型既可以发挥界面元计算精度高、适用于不连续变形等优点．又能够充分利用有限元的计算效率和无限元方便处理无限域介质的特点,较为和谐地解决了计算精度和计算效率的矛盾。数值算例表明,本文所建立的混合模型的有效性,揭示此类混合模型具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

A HIGH RESOLUTION CELL-CENTERED ALE METHOD FOR LARGE DEFORMATION MULTIMATERIAL INTERFACE

针对基于积分形式的Euler方程组耦合质量组份模型方程而发展的多介质整体ALE方法耗散大的问题,采用基于微分形式的Euler方程组所发展的高分辨率界面反耗散的思想来控制界面处的数值耗散,发展了一种二维平面中积分意义下的耦合质量组份方程和体积组份方程的界面反耗散的高分辨率多介质中心型ALE方法,从而高分辨率地模拟大变形物质界面。     

时刻追踪多介质界面运动的动网格方法

在对可压缩多介质流动的数值模拟中,定义介质界面为一种内部边界,由网格的边组成,界面边两侧对应两种不同介质中的网格。通过求解Riemann问题追踪介质界面上网格节点的运动,同时采用局部重构的动网格技术处理介质界面的大变形问题,并将介质界面定义为网格变形边界,以防止该边界上网格体积为负。运用HLLC格式求解ALE方程组得到整个多介质流场的数值解。最后从几个多介质流模型的计算结果可以看出,本文的动网格方法是可行的,而且可以时刻追踪介质界面的运动状态。     

硬球加强模型在CFD-DEM耦合计算中的验证与分析

针对CFD-DEM耦合计算中,颗粒计算时间步的选取影响颗粒碰撞计算精度和效率的问题。本文引入插值算法,将动量定理求解颗粒碰撞前后速度进行加权平均;根据弹性理论计算得到颗粒碰撞力,进行动力学方程求解;通过速度收敛准则修正初值速度并自动调整迭代求解次数,提出一种计算精度不受计算时间步长影响,无需对碰撞过程进行精细描述的高效率和高精度的加强硬球模型。对两个颗粒匀和变速碰撞算例进行数值模拟,碰撞后速度、碰撞力和碰撞时间与理论计算误差小于4%,与采用软球碰撞模型的DEM方法相比,颗粒碰撞计算精度不受计算时间步长影响,计算效率提高36.3%和36.8%。对单个颗粒在静水中沉降进行数值模拟,计算步长取10 s～5 s,颗粒与壁面即可得到精确解,计算效率提高33.5%。通过压力损失实验验证了该模型能够准确计算颗粒体积分数小于12%条件下两相流的压力损失。     

欧拉坐标系下具有锐利相界面的可压缩多介质流动数值方法研究

可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟在国防和工业领域内均具有重要的研究价值,诸如武器设计、爆炸安全防护等,通常具有大变形、高度非线性等特点,是一项极具挑战性的研究课题. 本文提出了一种基于 Euler 坐标系的非结构网格、具有锐利相界面的二维和三维守恒型多介质流动数值方法,可用于模拟可压缩流体和弹塑性固体在极端物理条件下的大变形动力学行为. 利用分片线性的水平集函数重构出单纯形网格内分段线性的相界面,并在混合网格内构建出具有多种介质的相界面几何结构,理论上可以处理全局任意种介质、局部 3 种介质的多介质流动问题. 利用传统的有限体积格式来计算单元边界上同种介质间的数值通量,并通过在相界面法向上求解局部一维多介质 Riemann 问题的精确解来计算不同介质间的数值通量,保证了相界面上的通量守恒. 提出了一种非结构网格上的单元聚合算法,消除了由于网格被相界面分割成较小碎片、违反 CFL 条件,进而可能带来数值不稳定的问题. 针对一维多介质 Riemann 问题、激波与气泡相互作用问题、浅埋爆炸问题、空中强爆炸冲击波和典型坑道内冲击波传播问题开展了数值模拟研究,将计算结果与相关的理论、实验结果进行比对,验证了数值方法的正确性和可靠性.      

界面不稳定性的自适应欧拉数值计算

采用欧拉网格自适应算法数值模拟Richtmyer Meshkov和Rayleigh Taylor不稳定多介质流界面,获得了高精度界面特征。对不同流体引入不同位标函数跟踪界面运动,将位标函数方程与流体动力学方程耦合求解,在笛卡儿坐标系中运用二阶精度有限体积算法,保持流场守恒条件下,通过采用多层网格级对笛卡儿网格嵌套细化,从而实现多介质流体界面的高精度自适应跟踪。给出的方法逻辑简单,可以大大节省CPU时间。     

A mass‐fraction‐based interface‐capturing method for multi‐component flow

An interface‐capturing method based on mass fraction is developed to solve the Riemann problem in multi‐component compressible flow. Equations of mass fraction with modified form, which is derived from conservative equations of mass, are employed here to capture the interface. By introducing mass fraction into Euler equations system, as well as other conservative coefficients, a quasi‐conservative numerical model is created. Numerical examples show that the mass fraction model performs well not only in multi‐component fluids modeled by simple stiffened gas equation of state (EOS) but also in that modeled by complex Mie–Grüneisen EOS. Moreover, the mass fraction model is applied to Riemann problem with piecewise EOS; the expression of which depends on density. It is found that the mass fraction model can well adapt to the analytic change in piecewise EOS and produce accuracy solutions with fewer unknown quantities, and the model can be easily extended to m‐component fluid mixture by using only m + 4 equations with no additional conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陶瓷/金属复合装甲冲击响应的三维SPH法分析

采用自编三维SPH程序对弹体侵彻陶瓷/金属复合装甲问题进行了数值模拟.为了描述金属和陶瓷材料非线性变形及损伤特性,在程序中嵌入Johnson-Cook和Johnson-Holmquist Ⅱ本构模型及Mie-Gruneisen状态方程.SPH计算得到的典型位移随时间变化曲线与实验结果吻合较好.通过数值模拟合理再现了弹体...     

爆炸焊接界面波的数值模拟

借助动力学分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA 11.0,运用光滑粒子流体动力学方法(SPH方法),建立以Johnson-Cook材料模型和Grüneisen状态方程为基础的热塑性流体力学模型,对同种钢板爆炸焊接界面波进行了数值模拟.结果表明,运用SPH方法可以得到清晰的爆炸焊接界面波形貌.与实验结果的比较表明:模拟误...     

预张力纤维织物超高速碰撞热-力学特性分析

高性能纤维织物承力层承担充气舱的内压载荷,并为充气舱提供空间碎片防护。充气舱内压载荷将导致纤维织物承力层产生预张力,并对纤维织物的空间碎片超高速碰撞特性产生显著影响,从而影响其空间碎片防护性能。为分析预张力对纤维织物超高速碰撞过程中热-力学特性的影响,采用Johnson-Cook强度模型和Mie-Grüneisen状态方程建立了纤维材料热-力耦合材料模型,利用有限元法-光滑粒子流体动力学耦合算法对纤维织物的纱线编织结构进行离散建模,并通过施加张力载荷实现纤维织物靶板的预拉伸,进而建立了预张力纤维织物超高速碰撞数值模型,分析并得到了预张力作用下纤维织物超高速碰撞热-力学特性及空间碎片防护性能。结果表明:在弹丸超高速碰撞下,随着预张力的提高,纤维织物穿孔面积增大,碎片云扩散角减小,弹丸动能吸收率降低,碰撞区域温度降低。预张力的存在显著降低了纤维织物的空间碎片防护性能。     

弹体侵彻干砂的数值模型

基于砂粒的不可压缩性假设,利用球形空腔动态收缩模型和广义Mises强度准则推导了干砂的孔隙压密演化方程;根据Hugoniot冲击突跃条件和Grüneisen系数,推导了干砂考虑孔隙演化影响的状态方程;根据关联流动法则,得到了大变形时砂的弹塑性应力应变关系;基于动力有限元计算平台,采用上述模型分析了弹体高速侵彻干砂的作用过程。结果表明,该模型能够表征高速侵彻时砂的孔隙演化对应力应变状态的反向影响,能够较准确地反映高速侵彻作用下干砂的动力响应过程。     

Generalized characteristic interface conditions for high-order multi-block computation

In practical fluid computation with structured grids around complex geometries, singular points with metric discontinuity can frequently be found. Generally, the grid singularities may cause numerical oscillations when some high-order finite difference scheme is applied. Recently, an excellent theory has been proposed which solves the above singular problem by block decomposition along the singular surface and by imposition of the characteristic interface conditions (CIC) on the block interface. However, the original theory has constraints on the mathematical treatment of the block interface, and therefore prevents numerical flexibility from a practical point of view. In this article, in order to extend the functions of the original CIC, we propose the generalized characteristic interface conditions (GCIC). Proper numerical test analysis is conducted to validate the performance of the GCIC, and as a practical application, multi-block computation is performed with the GCIC applied to complex geometry.     

Transition layer thickness in a fluid-porous medium of multi-sized spherical beads

Momentum and mass transfer at fluid–porous interfaces occur in many technical and natural applications. The vertical extend below a fluid–porous interface within which the free fluid velocity reduces to a constant Darcy velocity in the porous medium is known as Brinkman layer. Recently, the Brinkman layer thickness (δ) has been measured for a porous bed of mono-sized spherical beads, and was found to be in the order of the particle diameter (d). In this study, we investigate a porous medium made of multi-sized spherical beads. The measured averaged interfacial velocity field clearly indicated that, in the case of multi-sized beads, δ is in the order of a characteristic diameter given by with x _i and d _i being the weight fraction and diameter of the component i in the mixture.     

On the Role of the Interface Mechanical Interaction in a Gravity-Driven Shear Flow of an Ice-Till Mixture

The ice-till mixtures at the base of glaciers and ice sheets play a very important role in the movement of the glaciers and ice sheets. This mixture is modelled as an isothermal flow which is overlain by a layer of pure ice. In this model, ice is treated as usual as a very viscous fluid with a constant true density, while till, which is assumed to consist of sediment and bound (that is, moving with the sediment) interstitial water and/or ice, is also assumed in a first approximation to behave such as a fluid. For an isothermal flow below the melting point the water component can be neglected. Therefore, only the mass and momentum balances for till and ice are needed. To complete the model, no-slip and stress-free boundary conditions are assumed at the base and free-surface, respectively. The transition from the till-ice mixture layer to the overlying pure ice layer is idealized in the model as a moving interface representing in the simplest case the till material boundary, at which jump balance relations for till and ice apply. The mechanical interactions are considered in the mixture basel layer, as well as at the interface via the surface production. The interface mechanical interaction is supposed to be only a function of the volume fraction jump across the interface. In the context of the thin-layer approximation, numerical solutions of the lowest-order form of the model show a till distribution which is reminiscent to the ice-till layer in geophysical environment.