灰色-马尔柯夫模型的改进及其参数计算方法

提出了一种改进的灰色-马尔柯夫预测模型,同时给出了状态划分和模型参数计算的方法,应用实例表明了提出的模型和方法是有效的.     

一种估算马尔柯夫状态转移概率矩阵的新方法

在现有文献研究的基础上,对马尔柯夫状态转移概率矩阵估算方法又作了进一步研究,根据马尔柯夫状态转移概率矩阵的性质和特点,提出了一种新的估算方法.方法首先构造了一个以相对误差绝对值之和最小为目标,以某一状态转移到其他状态的概率之和等于1以及状态转移概率不小于零为约束条件的优化模型.在此基础上,通过变量替换,将该模型转化为线性规划模型.由于线性规划模型不仅能够求得解析解,而且有现成的求解软件,因此不但便于问题求解,而且更加方便、可靠.最后进行了示例计算,验证了给出的马尔柯夫状态转移概率矩阵优化算法的可行性和正确性.     

灰色-马尔柯夫链预测优化模型——以江苏省物流需求预测为例

讨论了现有灰色-马尔柯夫链预测方法的基本思路,针对该思路的不足之处提出了合理刻画预测模型精度特征的两个精度指标——均值指标和稳定性指标,并据此建立了灰色-马尔柯夫链预测优化模型,最终以江苏省物流需求为例,对该模型进行了实例验证和应用.     

销量预测的相对误差马尔柯夫链模糊修正模型研究

在销量预测的改进型灰色预测GM(1,1)模型中,针对传统的相对误差修正的马尔柯夫链预测法,在相对误差微小变化的情况下,存在状态跃变的不合理性,提出应用马尔柯夫链模糊模型的方法.并开展实证研究,得出改进的销量预测值为103.5095万箱的结论.     

模糊马尔柯夫过程及其在气候对经济的影响研究中的应用

本文将一维模糊马尔柯夫过程作了改进,导出一个多维模糊马尔柯夫过程,并用于气候对经济活动影响和经济预测的研究。对气候指数和经济指数组成的二维时间序列的计算表明,经济指数分量的拟合率在90％以上,此2-FMP模型很好地反映了经济指数的变化。本文还从信息熵的角度估算了气候指数对经济指数的影响。     

引入跳跃和结构转换的中国股市已实现波动率预测研究:基于拓展的HAR-RV模型

结合日内跳跃识别方法和马尔可夫机制转换模型,对已实现波动率异质自回归模型(HARRV)进行拓展,以刻画连续波动、跳跃波动以及不同方向跳跃波动对未来波动影响的差异和波动的结构转换特征,并运用该模型对上证综指和深证成指高频数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:在短期内,连续波动和跳跃波动对未来波动影响具有显著的差异;负向跳跃和正向跳跃往往同时发生且幅度相当,但负向跳跃波动对未来波动的影响更大;在不同波动状态下,历史波动对未来波动的影响存在较为明显的差异。MCS检验结果显示,区分跳跃波动方向和考虑波动的结构转换特征可以显著提升模型的样本内和样本外的预测能力。     

基于机制转换模型的碳排放权期权定价

机制转换模型可以将外部环境的变化迅速反映到对模型参数的调整中,故运用马氏链刻画外部机制建立机制转换模型,基于此进行碳排放权期权定价。为实现其价值函数的数值计算,首次设计并证明了一套倒向递归算法,该算法依据马氏链跳跃的划分实现递归,从而克服了马氏链带来的运算高复杂度,其数值结果展示了完整的波动率微笑和期限结构。最后通过与前人提出的算法以及蒙特卡洛模拟比较表明,倒向递归算法可获得更高的准确性和运算效率。     

用灰色马尔柯夫链预测模型对我国粮食产量的预测

针对粮食生产的不确定性 ,本文提出了用建立在中心逼近式的 GM(1 ,1 )模型及马尔柯夫预测模型上的灰色马尔柯夫预测模型对我国粮食产量进行预测 ,预测建立在对过去年份的数据的分析之上 ,并给出了2 0 0 3年的粮食产量预测结果 .     

基于因子隐马尔可夫模型的VaR与ES联合预测

VaR和ES是衡量金融资产风险的重要测度,对风险控制和金融危机的识别具有重要意义。本文以CAViaR模型为基础,通过因子隐马尔可夫模型构造潜变量,作为CAViaR模型的回归系数的组成部分,最终提出了一个含潜变量的VaR和ES联合估计方法(FHM-CAViaR),实现了VaR和ES的联合预测。在该模型中,潜变量由一个因子隐马尔可夫模型驱动,可以刻画市场信息对模型系数带来的长期效应与短期冲击,该因子隐马尔可夫模型的引入实现了分位数回归模型参数在上百个状态间的转换。最后,基于本文提出的FHM-CAViaR模型分别对上证综指、深证综指和纳斯达克指数的对数收益率数据进行实证分析。实证结果表明,本文提出的模型具有更优的预测效果。此外实证结果还表明,在危机期间VaR的序列聚集性有着显著的增加。本文提出的模型可以通过潜变量的变化识别市场的机制变换,且能更精确地对金融资产的VaR以及ES进行估计,给出金融风险度量一种新的研究方法。     

高维平滑转换因子模型的一致估计

本文设定高维因子模型的因子载荷服从平滑区制转换结构,模型参数的一致估计可通过两阶段估计方法给出。在第一阶段,通过主成分方法估计因子变量;在第二阶段,估计的因子变量视为已知变量,通过非线性最小二乘法估计因子载荷和平滑转换参数。理论研究和随机模拟表明本文提出的两阶段估计方法具有良好的大样本性质和有限样本表现。在实证部分,基于高维平滑转换因子模型研究了美国股票收益率数据的共变特征和非对称效应,结果表明平滑转换因子模型可以较好地刻画美国股票收益率的共变特征和区制转换行为。     

Filter‐based portfolio strategies in an HMM setting with varying correlation parametrizations

We consider portfolio optimization in a regime‐switching market. The assets of the portfolio are modeled through a hidden Markov model (HMM) in discrete time, where drift and volatility of the single assets are allowed to switch between different states. We consider different parametrizations of the involved asset covariances: statewise uncorrelated assets (though linked through the common Markov chain), assets correlated in a state‐independent way, and assets where the correlation varies from state to state. As a benchmark, we also consider a model without regime switches. We utilize a filter‐based expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain optimal parameter estimates within this multivariate HMM and present parameter estimators in all three HMM settings. We discuss the impact of these different models on the performance of several portfolio strategies. Our findings show that for simulated returns, our strategies in many settings outperform naïve investment strategies, like the equal weights strategy. Information criteria can be used to detect the best model for estimation as well as for portfolio optimization. A second study using real data confirms these findings.     

Pricing Volatility Swaps Under Heston's Stochastic Volatility Model with Regime Switching

A model is developed for pricing volatility derivatives, such as variance swaps and volatility swaps under a continuous‐time Markov‐modulated version of the stochastic volatility (SV) model developed by Heston. In particular, it is supposed that the parameters of this version of Heston's SV model depend on the states of a continuous‐time observable Markov chain process, which can be interpreted as the states of an observable macroeconomic factor. The market considered is incomplete in general, and hence, there is more than one equivalent martingale pricing measure. The regime switching Esscher transform used by Elliott et al. is adopted to determine a martingale pricing measure for the valuation of variance and volatility swaps in this incomplete market. Both probabilistic and partial differential equation (PDE) approaches are considered for the valuation of volatility derivatives.     

状态转移框架下跨地区、跨行业资产配置模型及实证

利用Markov状态转移模型捕捉金融资产收益率序列的非线性、动态的结构性变化,考虑不同市场状态下资金在地区板块、行业板块间流动导致的板块轮动效应,构建基于状态转移的跨地区、跨行业资产配置模型。在此基础上,对市场状态和地区、行业板块轮动效应对资产配置的影响进行细致分析。研究发现:中国股票市场存在明显的动态结构性变化,可以分为熊市状态和牛市状态,两种市场状态下最优资产配置结构不同。结果表明,状态转移框架下的跨地区和跨行业资产配置能够刻画非对称市场状态下资产的收益和风险特征,分散非系统性风险的同时降低市场风险,提高投资者的收益,可以为投资者决策提供有价值的参考。     

Switching diffusion logistic models involving singularly perturbed Markov chains: Weak convergence and stochastic permanence

Focusing on stochastic dynamics involve continuous states as well as discrete events, this article investigates stochastic logistic model with regime switching modulated by a singular Markov chain involving a small parameter. This Markov chain undergoes weak and strong interactions, where the small parameter is used to reflect rapid rate of regime switching among each state class. Two-time-scale formulation is used to reduce the complexity. We obtain weak convergence of the underlying system so that the limit has much simpler structure. Then we utilize the structure of limit system as a bridge, to invest stochastic permanence of original system driving by a singular Markov chain with a large number of states. Sufficient conditions for stochastic permanence are obtained. A couple of examples and numerical simulations are given to illustrate our results.     

Option pricing with regime switching by trinomial tree method

We present a fast and simple tree model to price simple and exotic options in Markov Regime Switching Model (MRSM) with multi-regime. We modify the trinomial tree model of Boyle (1986) [12] by controlling the risk neutral probability measure in different regime states to ensure that the tree model can accommodate the data of all different regimes at the same time preserving its combining tree structure. In MRSM, the market might not be complete, therefore we provide some ideas and discussions on managing the regime switching risk in support of our results.     

Markov-modulated mean-variance problem for an insurer

In this paper, we consider an insurance company which has the option of investing in a risky asset and a risk-free asset, whose price parameters are driven by a finite state Markov chain. The risk process of the insurance company is modeled as a diffusion process whose diffusion and drift parameters switch over time according to the same Markov chain. We study the Markov-modulated mean-variance problem for the insurer and derive explicitly the closed form of the efficient strategy and efficient frontier. In the case of no regime switching, we can see that the efficient frontier in our paper coincides with that of [10] when there is no pure jump.     

中国证券市场知情交易概率的动态马尔科夫状态转移模型研究

对指令驱动市场知情交易的研究是近年来的热点问题。常用的EKOP模型存在一些缺陷,本文放宽了EKOP模型关于日内信息均匀释放以及交易者行为独立性的假设,用动态的马尔科夫状态转移模型对该模型进行了改进,并检验了改进后的知情交易概率模型在中国证券市场的适用性。通过模拟数据以及对中国证券市场交易数据的实证研究发现动态的马尔科夫状态转移模型克服了EKOP模型受买卖方数据影响而产生的系统偏误,估计的知情交易概率更符合事后检验。     

马尔科夫状态转换GARCH模型的波动持续性研究——对估计方法的探讨

由于GARCH模型的系数固定不变,不能反映金融市场波动的结构变化,所以对于波动预测和动态风险管理都还不够完善。本文在GARCH模型中引入马尔科夫过程,从而使状态的转换体现在GARCH模型中,通过设置状态变量,构建马尔科夫状态转换GARCH模型(MRSGARCH),从而较好地揭示了存在结构转换的波动特性,对MRSGARCH模型进行参数估计,并给出了预测的详细过程,最后提出了MRSGARCH的波动持续性的估计方法。     

An interacting multiple model algorithm with a switching Markov chain

A Markov chain plays an important role in an interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm which has been shown to be effective for target tracking systems. Such systems are described by a mixing of continuous states and discrete modes. The switching between system modes is governed by a Markov chain. In real world applications, this Markov chain may change or needs to be changed. Therefore, one may be concerned about a target tracking algorithm with the switching of a Markov chain. This paper concentrates on fault-tolerant algorithm design and algorithm analysis of IMM estimation with the switching of a Markov chain. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out and several conclusions are given.     

On the bailout dividend problem with periodic dividend payments for spectrally negative Markov additive processes

This paper studies the bailout optimal dividend problem with regime switching under the constraint that dividend payments can be made only at the arrival times of an independent Poisson process while capital can be injected continuously in time. We show the optimality of the regime-modulated Parisian-classical reflection strategy when the underlying risk model follows a general spectrally negative Markov additive process. In order to verify the optimality, first we study an auxiliary problem driven by a single spectrally negative Lévy process with a final payoff at an exponential terminal time and characterize the optimal dividend strategy. Then, we use the dynamic programming principle to transform the global regime-switching problem into an equivalent local optimization problem with a final payoff up to the first regime switching time. The optimality of the regime modulated Parisian-classical barrier strategy can be proven by using the results from the auxiliary problem and approximations via recursive iterations.