细胞色素P450催化4-氯-N-环丙基-N-异丙基苯胺Ca-H羟基化反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,研究了细胞色素P450催化4-氯-N-环丙基-N-异丙基苯胺Ca-H羟基化的反应机理,该反应包含环丙基的羟基化和异丙基的羟基化两个反应途径,且这两个反应路径都是包含氢原子传递的协同过程,二重态的能垒明显低于四重态,反应主要在二重态上进行.通过比较这两个反应路径中Ca-H羟基化反应的活化...     

3-烃硫基-4-甲基-N-(二乙氨基乙基)苯胺类化合物的制备

3-烃硫基-4-甲基乙酰苯胺,1-氯-2-二乙氨基乙烷与粉末氢氧化钾在丙酮中作用,不经分离3-烃硫基-4-甲基-N-(二乙氨基乙基)-N-乙酰苯胺类化合物,而直接用盐酸水解得3-烃硫基-4-甲基-N-(二乙氨基乙基)苯胺类化合物六种,但3-丙烯硫基-4-甲基-N-(二乙氨基乙基)苯胺应用此法制备未获成功,继改用3-丙烯硫基-4-甲基苯胺与1-氯-2-二乙氨基乙烷作用制得。     

姜黄素-N-取代吡唑类衍生物合成及抑菌活性

为了寻求杀菌剂的新的先导化合物,用姜黄素与取代酰肼反应得到13个新的姜黄素-N-取代吡唑类衍生物,其结构经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析所表征,初步抑菌实验结果表明,在1×10-4mol/L浓度下,所有衍生物与姜黄素对比,对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、青霉、黑霉有较好的抑菌效果.其中,3,5-二(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基乙烯基)-N-脒基吡唑(3c),3,5-二(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基乙烯基)-N-(苯并噻唑-2-硫基乙酰基)吡唑(3k),3,5-二(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基乙烯基)-N-(香豆素-3-甲酰基)吡唑(3m)有优异的抑菌效果(抑菌圈16.34～23.81 mm).这些结果表明含有噻唑环、脒基、香豆素环取代基可能有助于提高姜黄素-N-取代吡唑类衍生物的活性.     

6-溴-N-芳基噻吩[2,3-d]并嘧啶-4-胺类化合物的合成新方法

研究了6-溴-N-[3-氯-4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯基]噻吩[2,3-d]并嘧啶-4-胺的合成新方法.以相对廉价的2,5-二羟基-1,4-二噻烷和丙二腈为原料,依次通过Gewald反应、芳环溴代、缩合、环合以及Dimroth重排四步反应得到目标产物6-溴-N-[3-氯-4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯基]噻吩[2,3-d]并嘧啶-4-胺,总产率为56.9%.用1H NMR,IR,MS和HRMS对产物进行了结构表征.并应用该方法,合成了一系列的6-溴-N-芳基噻吩[2,3-d]并嘧啶-4-胺类化合物.研究表明该方法具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高,且产物容易分离纯化等优点.     

2-乙氧基-N-(4-甲基-2-丙基-1H-咪唑基-1)-苯甲酰胺的合成

2-乙氧基苯甲酸甲酯与水合肼发生肼解反应生成2-甲氧基苯甲酰肼(1);1与丁亚氨酸乙酯盐酸盐进行二次肼解反应制得2-乙氧基-N'-(1-亚胺丁基)苯甲酰肼盐酸盐(3);3与氯丙酮环化合成了2-乙氧基-N-(4-甲基-2-丙基-1H-咪唑基-1-)苯甲酰胺(合成伐地那非的关键中间体),总收率48%,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证.     

水相中可见光催化卤代芳烃羟基化反应

通过在可见光下卤代芳烃的羟基化反应合成一系列苯酚类化合物.反应用单质碘作光催化剂,在室温下反应获得较好收率的产物,生成目标产物最高产率可达到92%,该体系对氯代芳烃同样具有较好的催化活性.此方法具有便宜、易处理、对环境无污染的优点,为酚类化合物的合成提供了一种简便经济的方法.运用此策略,以5-乙酰-4-溴-2-甲氧基苄基二异丙基氨基二硫代甲酸酯合成的5-乙酰-4-羟基-2-甲氧基苄基二异丙基氨基二硫代甲酸酯,具有明显的抗增殖作用.     

N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶衍生物的合成及对河豚毒素(TTX)解毒生物活性的研究

通过母体化合物4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)与N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸(DiPP-AA)在Ph3P和C2Cl6体系下的缩合反应,将具有生物活性的氨基吡啶环引入到磷酸化氨基酸结构中,设计、合成了5个N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶衍生物A1～A5.所有目标化合物均经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,31P NMR,MS的表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明:目标化合物对河豚毒素(TTX)中毒的小鼠均有一定的解毒作用,并不同程度地延长了生存时间,而且毒性比母体化合物降低了.     

铁卟啉催化二乙基亚硝胺羟基化的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对P450酶活性中心铁卟啉Cpd I催化二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)代谢活化的反应机理进行了研究.结果表明,Cpd I催化NDEA羟基化的过程包含氢抽提反应和回弹反应2个步骤.其中,氢抽提反应为控速步骤,氢自由基从NDEA转移到铁卟啉的Fe O上,是典型的氢原子传递(HAT)过程;紧接着铁卟啉上的羟基经历无能垒的反应过程回弹到NDEA自由基上,形成羟基化代谢产物.NDEA羟基化过程中高自旋态(HS)和低自旋态(LS)均参与反应,整个羟基化过程呈现明显的双态反应性(TSR).研究比较了NDEA分子侧链上Cα—H和Cβ—H羟基化反应的差异,得到Cα—H和Cβ—H羟基化所需跨越的能垒分别为57.7/57.7 k J/mol(LS/HS)和76.4/74.3 k J/mol(LS/HS),表明Cα—H比Cβ—H更易于在P450作用下发生羟基化;此外,Cβ—H羟基化所需克服的能垒并未过高,使得Cβ—H羟基化在生理条件下完全也有可能发生.本研究为深入揭示亚硝胺经代谢活化导致癌症的作用机制提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Pd-La/γ-Al2O3和Pd-La/MgAl2O4对2,6-二异丙基苯酚气相胺化反应的催化性能

 采用XRD,BET,吡啶吸附-IR,NH3-TPD和XPS等手段表征了Pd-La/γ-Al2O3和Pd-La/MgAl2O4负载型催化剂的物理性质和表面酸性,并对比研究了两种催化剂在2,6-二异丙基苯酚(DIPP)气相胺化制2,6-二异丙基苯胺(DIPA)反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,采用镁铝尖晶石载体大幅度提高了催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性. 在Pd-La/MgAl2O4催化剂上,在n(NH3)/n(DIPP)=10,n(H2)/n(DIPP)=20,LHSV=0.3 h-1,θ=220 ℃和t=73 h的条件下,2,6-二异丙基苯酚转化率可达98.5%,2,6-二异丙基苯胺的选择性和收率分别可达88.9%和87.5%. 该催化剂连续运转400 h,反应到200 h时2,6-二异丙基苯胺的收率仍可达80%以上.     

含咪唑啉2,4-二酮的新型磷酰胺酯类化合物的合成和生物活性

在合成含咪唑啉2,4-二酮磷酸酯和磷酰胺类化合物的基础上,根据Hydantocidin在植物体内的作用形式是Hydantocidin 5’-phosphate的特点,将5-[4-羟基-3-硝基-苯(苄)基]-2,4-咪唑啉二酮中间体与O,N-二烷基硫代磷酰氯反应合成得到了18个结构新颖的O-烷基-N-烷基-5-[4-羟基-3-硝基-苯(苄)基]-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酰胺酯类化合物,其结构通过IR,1H NMR,31P NMR和元素分析表征.初步生物测定结果表明,化合物O-乙基(丙基)-N-异丙基-5-(4-羟基-3-硝基苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酰胺酯(B10,B16)在100μg/mL浓度下对油菜的抑制率为64.1%和69.6%,O-甲基-N-正丁基-5-(4-羟基-3-硝基苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮硫代磷酰胺酯(B15)对蚜虫和小菜蛾均表现了良好的杀虫活性,在300μg/mL浓度下24 h的校正死亡率分别为100%和95%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。