流体与流体混合物的临界与超临界特性

本文第一部分介绍单组分流体的临界与超临界特性.主要内容为临界点的经典与标度状态方程;临界点异常特性的实验证据;热力学与输运性质的计算等等.第二部分介绍二元流体混合物的临界与超临界特性.第三部分介绍超临界气体萃取的工业应用.      

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOMECHANICS: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

As an intriguing interdisciplinary research field,cell and molecular biomechanics is at the cutting edge of mechanics in general and biomechanics in particular.It has the potential to provide a quantitative understanding of how forces and deformation at tissue,cellular and molecular levels affect human health and disease.In this article,we review the recent advances in cell and molecular biomechanics,examine the available computational and experimental tools,and discuss important issues including protein deformation in mechanotransduction,cell deformation and constitutive behavior,cell adhesion and migration,and the associated models and theories.The opportunities and challenges in cell and molecular biomechanics are also discussed.We hope to provide readers a clear picture of the current status of this field,and to stimulate a broader interest in the applied mechanics community.     

IUTAM和ICTAM的起源和历程

世界力学家大会（英文缩写ICTAM）是国际学术组织IUTAM 主办的国际例会,每四年举办一次,已经举办了22届,被誉为世界力学家的“奥林匹克盛会”。获得大会的承办权,是承办国力学水平和国际学术地位的重要标志;通过大会的承办过程,大会举办国将显著提升在力学领域的国际学术影响力。 2012年8月,由中国力学学会承办的“第23届世界力学家大会”将在北京国家会议中心隆重召开,这是发源于欧洲的世界力学盛会第一次在发展中国家举办。把ICTAM称为世界力学家大会是在2011年1月第23届ICTAM大会组委会第3次全体会议上正式确定的,这一中文名称得到了IUTAM的赞赏和认同。     

NANOPARTICLE DESIGN AND HANDLING--CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERS AND PARTICLE TECHNOLOGISTS

In this paper, the opportunities and challenges which future applications based on nanoparticles offer to engineers are described. New high-added value products induce us to rethink ways to control nanoparticle design and handling. Several challenges are described and typical solutions are given: (1) finding relevant engineering tasks outside traditional process industry; (2) the importance of mixing reactants; (3) obtaining monodisperse particles; (4) gaining efficient control via electric forces and (5) developing multi-step processes which allow more control over particle properties.     

动力学,振动与控制学科未来的发展趋势

对近年来动力学，振动与控制的研究进展作了简要回顾，概述了非线性动力学与振动主动控制这两个研究热点的现状，提出了世纪之初应关注的若干研究前沿，即高维非线性系统的全局摄动法，全局分岔和混沌动力学，高维强非线性系统分岔与混沌动力学的实验研究，非线性时滞系统的动力学，流体－弹性体－刚体耦合系统动力学与控制，碰撞与变结构系统动力学，微机电系统动力学。最后，对我国动力学，振动与控制的发展提出了一些建议。     

光纤机敏复合材料与结构及其信号处理的研究进展

简述了机敏复合材料与结构中光纤传感技术的工作原理与应用，复合材料内结构监测与损伤估计用光纤传感阵列及其输出信号的人工神经网络处理原理与技术，并讨论了今后的发展趋势．     

桥梁结构劣化与损伤过程的多尺度分析方法及其应用

研究桥梁结构多尺度模拟和分析方法对于发展重大桥梁结构损伤检测与状态评估方法以确保其安全运营是至关重要的.本文综述和总结了作者及其课题组多年来在桥梁结构劣化与损伤过程分析领域的研究工作.包括:系统地提出了针对大型桥梁结构损伤劣化过程分析需求的结构多尺度问题,研究证实了结构损伤与劣化过程分析可以通过结构一致多尺度模拟和时空多尺度分析来实现;提出了针对大型桥梁结构多尺度模型的多因素、多目标同步模型修正技术,指出多尺度模型修正必须对各分析目标敏感的多种因素同步优化,同时交叉验证修正后模型对该级修正目标和对其它模拟目标的复现与预测能力.提出了基于结构一致多尺度模拟和结构健康监测信息进行结构劣化分析的方法并应用于两个重大桥梁工程结构的疲劳损伤分析与评估.最后,指出在此领域中还要很多问题亟待解决,尤其是如何模拟损伤从材料与结构中的细观层次的缺陷演化发展到结构局部乃至整体失效的过程,建立结构损伤演化与失效过程的跨尺度分析理论与方法.     

航天器动力学与控制的研究进展与展望

开展航天器动力学与控制的研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用, 其目的在于发展有效的方法促使航天器在各阶段平稳可靠地运行. 航天器技术发展迅速, 其形式日趋多样化, 功能与构造日趋复杂,已经向大型空间站、微小卫星、深空探测等方向发展. 航天器结构表现出多耦合、非线性、极端外界环境, 以及大尺度柔性结构等特征, 由此激发起航天器动力学与控制领域各方向的深入研究. 航天器动力学与控制的研究方法覆盖理论分析、数值仿真, 以及实验模拟等诸多方面, 研究内容十分丰富. 本文概括介绍了近年来航天器动力学与控制研究方面的发展状况, 综述了跨航天器动力学与控制、航天器系统级动力学与振动控制、航天器部件级动力学与振动控制等航天领域中的若干基础问题. 内容主要集中于航天领域中不同应用范围、不同层次结构的航天器动力学模型的建立和动力学响应与振动控制的研究方法及已取得的成果. 最后, 提出了该领域中值得进一步考虑的科学问题及未来的发展方向.      

MULTISCALE MECHANICS OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

The world of natural materials and structures provides an abundance of applications in which mechanics is a critical issue for our understanding of functional material properties. In particular, the mechanical properties of biological materials and structures play an important role in virtually all physiological processes and at all scales, from the molecular and nanoscale to the macroscale, linking research fields as diverse as genetics to structural mechanics in an approach referred to as materiomics. Example cases that illustrate the importance of mechanics in biology include mechanical support provided by materials like bone, the facilitation of locomotion capabilities by muscle and tendon, or the protection against environmental impact by materials as the skin or armors. In this article we review recent progress and case studies, relevant for a variety of applications that range from medicine to civil engineering. We demonstrate the importance of fundamental mechanistic insight at multiple time- and length-scales to arrive at a systematic understanding of materials and structures in biology, in the context of both physiological and disease states and for the development of de novo biomaterials. Three particularly intriguing issues that will be discussed here include： First, the capacity of biological systems to turn weakness to strength through the utilization of multiple structural levels within the universality-diversity paradigm. Second, material breakdown in extreme and disease conditions. And third, we review an example where the hierarchical design paradigm found in natural protein materials has been applied in the development of a novel hiomaterial based on amyloid protein.     

岩土介质的分形孔隙和分形粒子

岩土介质是晶粒状材料,存在大量的孔隙。这些孔隙的存在严重地影响岩土介质的力学、物理和化学性能。大量的研究表明,岩土介质的孔隙几何从原子尺度到晶粒尺寸范围内均表现出分形特征。目前分形几何已被广泛应用来研究岩土的孔隙率,输运特性和渗透性等等。本文从5个方面来讨论岩土介质的分形孔隙和分形粒子:①分形几何简介;②孔隙介质的分形模型;③岩土介质的分形孔隙特性和它们的分形量测方法;④岩土的分形粒子;⑤水土保持估计中的分形毛细管模型。      

冲击载荷作用下材料与结构的响应与防护

冲击载荷作用下材料与结构的响应与防护是固体力学和爆炸力学研究的热点课题,在国防工程和民用防护工程中有着重要的应用背景.本文主要评述了我国武器装备与防护工程常用材料与结构在冲击载荷作用下响应与防护的国内外研究现状与发展趋势,内容涉及材料的动态力学特性、本构关系和结构的变形与破坏等方面,着重探讨了混凝土、钨合金、陶瓷等材料的动态本构特性以及混凝土坑道、舰船等结构的防护作用机理.     

OpenSees 混合模拟试验技术发展与应用

将现代结构地震性能模拟与试验分为整体结构模拟试验和子结构模拟试验两类. 在此基础之上详细 讨论了混合模拟试验的基本概念背景及其应用与发展现状. 结合面相对象有限元程序OpenSees 的高层程序 架构和并行计算程序架构, 详细论述了基于OpenSees 的4 种混合模拟试验系统, 并简要介绍了多尺度一体化 混合建模的概念与应用. 证明基于商业或非商业有限元软件平台开展混合模拟试验是可行的; 混合模拟试验 所要处理的核心问题是如何将不同的有限元软件平台以及各个试验站点的设备联系起来, 并实现相互之间的 协同工作. 混合模拟试验在强震作用下结构连续倒塌问题的研究中具有一定的优势. 指出混合模拟试验这一 新技术的实质性发展离不开目前所强调的多学科之间的无缝融合.      

黑龙江省矿区生态破坏与地质灾害及其防治

黑龙江省矿产分布情况和开发概况以及矿业开发在经济发展中占有重要地位 ;在矿业开发过程中引起的诸多生态破坏和地质灾害及其引起的危害 ,已引起高度重视 ;本文在综合论述黑龙江省矿区发展所带来各项利弊后提出了具体的防治对策。     

AIMS AND SCOPE

PARTICUOLOGY,an international bimonthly journal,is jointly sponsored by Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process E ngineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press.     

生物力学进展和趋向(续)

三、运动关节力学运动关节(diarthrodial joint)的功能在于使动物能灵巧地运动肢体。译成力学术语就是:传递载荷,吸收冲击、振动,承受相当高的应力,且运动时摩擦系数很小。L.L.Malcom曾精细地测量过牛肱关节的摩擦系数,在正应力1—20kg/cm~2的范围内,动摩擦系数为0.0025—0.0040,而最好的工程材料的摩擦系数为0.01—0.05,整整差一个量级。      

AIMS AND SCOPE

<正>PARTICUOLOGY,an international bimonthly journal,is jointly sponsored by the Chinese Society of Particuology and the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Elsevier B.V.and Science Press.The word PARTICUOLOGY was coined to parallel the technical terminology for the science and technology of particles by combining the Latin prefix particula for particles and the Greek     

AIMS AND SCOPE

PARTICUOLOGY,an international bimonthly journal,is jointly sponsored by the Chinese Society of Particuology and the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Elsevier B.V.and Science Press. The word PARTICUOLOGY was coined to parallel the technical terminology for the science and technology of particles by combining the Latin prefix particula for particles and the Greek suffix logia denoting subject of study.PARTICUOLOGY is built upon all related branches of the physical sciences(especially physics and chemistry) and mathematics,and connects their fundamental laws to engineering particle systems, spanning a wide range of chemical,petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries,functional materials,and human activities dealing with     

GUST BUFFETING AND AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLES AND MONOTUBULAR TOWERS

The evolution in the constructional field and the realization of ever more slender and light structures have emphasized the increasing difficulty of properly evaluating the actions and effects of wind on poles and monotubular towers. Faced with this situation the Italian constructors, united in a consortium coordinated by ACS ACAI Servizi, entrusted the Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering of Genova University with the task of formulating an ad hoc calculation procedure for this type of structure. This gave rise to a wide-ranging research project in which theoretical models, experimental evaluations and engineering methods were developed in parallel through an effective and quite a unique co-operation between researchers, designers and builders. This paper illustrates the physical aspects, the general principles and the basic formulation of the method proposed, with special emphasis on gust buffeting and aeroelastic phenomena. Preliminary results of full-scale measurements of the structural damping are also presented. The conclusions highlight the scientific and technical perspectives of this research.