30GHz RF脉冲压缩器设计

为得到脉宽150ns，功率超过100MW的30GHz微波脉冲，采用MSLED-II原理设计了30GHz RF-脉冲压缩器。H-Hybrid，TE100口-TE10o模式转换器等器件都采用了新型设计，所有微波器件的设计充分考虑了高功率下的适用性，没有容易引起打火的调谐杆、容性膜片等部件。在微波器件的设计中用HFSS软件进行了详尽的模拟。加工并测试了H-Hybrid，且用在CERN的RF脉冲展宽器上。     

虚阴极振荡器“硬管化”实验研究

 采用锆泵作为吸气泵，设计出静态保真空模拟实验装置。在该实验装置上进行了保真空可行性实验，装置在经过10 d的保真空后，真空度为1.4×10^-3 Pa 。在模拟保真空实验成功实现的基础上，用常规微波管技术设计加工了“硬管”器件，并进行保真空实验，静态下真空度经过15 d仍能维持在2×10^-2 Pa。该器件在峰值电压为330 kV的条件下，输出微波功率达到650 MW，脉宽为40 ns，主频为3.68 GHz，性能比普通器件有很大改善，微波脉宽更宽，频谱更单一，而且稳定性很高。     

微波放电解离氯分子解离效率的测量

 以Cl/Cl₂/HN₃/He为基础的NCl(a¹Δ)/I作为一种化学激光新的体系，氯原子产生的多少对该体系的研究是至关重要的。利用滴定法研究了微波解离氯分子的解离效率。用HN₃/He滴定Cl，由光学多通道分析仪监测NCl(a¹Δ)和NCl(b¹Σ)辐射的荧光。发现微波解离氯分子的效率并不是想象的那样低，在较小的氯流量下，最高的解离效率可以达到100％。     

NCl(a1Δ)/I（2P3/2）传能体系的实验研究

 利用微波放电Cl₂/He等离子体作为Cl源，对反应NCl(a¹Δ) + I(²P_3/2)→NCl(X³Σ) + I(²P_1/2)进行了实验研究，得到了较大的I(²P_1/2)自发辐射荧光信号，检测到NCl(a¹Δ，b¹Σ)自发辐射荧光光谱在存在少量I(²P_1/2)下发生的显著变化，其中NCl(a¹Δ)自发辐射荧光信号降低，同时由于I(²P_1/2)的作用，NCl(b¹Σ)自发辐射荧光信号大幅度增加。在考察各反应气体流量对I(²P_1/2)自发辐射荧光信号的影响时发现，在本次实验条件下，各种气体的最佳流量：He为1～4mmol/s, I₂为0.01～0.03mmol/s, Cl₂为1.0mmol/s左右,而HN₃流量略大于Cl₂流量时信号升高幅度开始变缓，约为Cl₂流量的两倍时信号不再有显著的变化。     

锥形慢波结构波导谐振腔微波发生器

 利用二维半的PIC等离子体物理程序设计了一种新的结构简单、体积小、重量轻、频率稳定的高功率、高效率的微波器件。此器件采用了锥形慢波结构波导谐振腔,不用外加引导磁场。微波频率可以设计为f=1.6 ~12GHz,功率P_out可达GW。     

薄膜型超导红外(光)探测器

在高Tc GdBaCuO超导薄膜上,采用光刻技术分别制成两种不同结构的辐射、热测量器件及2×4集成阵列式微桥器件红外(光)探测器.探测器芯片安装在STD-3型红外探测器杜瓦冷指上.用黑体及波长为0.6328μm的He-Ne激光器辐照器件,系统观测各种器件的特性,其中最好的结果:在10Hz时的噪音等效功率NEP(500,10,1)=3.6×10^-12 WH_z^1/2;探测率D^*(500,10,1)=1.6×10¹⁰ cmH_z^1/2W^-1;响应率R_v=8.2×103VW^-1.另外,多元串接微桥器件出现的多台阶式的特性,可望在红外探测计量及高频方面获得重要应用.     

输入输出共轴的三弯曲型TM01-TE11模式转换器

 通过采用相位重匹配技术，设计了一种输入输出共轴的三弯曲型TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器，该转换器由三段常曲率弯曲波导和两段直波导组成。用模式耦合理论建立了该类模式转换器的数值计算和优化设计方法，并设计了一个中心频率为7.0 GHz的模式转换器。该转换器的TM₀₁-TE₁₁转换效率在中心频率上大于99％，在6.5~7.5 GHz的频率范围内大于90％。应用时域有限差分法和有限元方法对所设计的模式转换器进行了仿真，仿真结果验证了设计理论和设计结果。     

Cl+HN3产生NCl(a1Δ)和NCl(b1∑)的实验研究

 对利用微波放电直接解离Cl₂生成Cl, Cl与HN₃反应生成NCl(a^1Δ )和NCl(b^1∑)的过程进行了实验研究。得到了较强的NCl(a^1Δ 和NCl(b^1∑)自发辐射光谱,考察了Cl₂流量和He/Cl₂配比对NCl(a^1Δ 和NCl(b^1∑)生成的影响。发现对于一定的He流量,Cl₂流量对NCl(a^1Δ 和NCl(b^1∑)生成的影响存在一最佳范围,而最佳He/Cl₂配比不是一定值,而是随He流量升高而变大,在实验所考察的He流量范围（5~40 L/min）内,最佳He/Cl ₂配比在30∶1~100∶1之间。     

栅漏间表面外延层对4H-SiC功率MESFET击穿 特性的改善机理与结构优化

本文提出了一种带栅漏间表面p型外延层的新型MESFET结构并整合了能精确描述4H-SiC MESFET工作机理的数值模型,模型综合考虑了高场载流子饱和、雪崩碰撞离化以及电场调制等效应. 利用所建模型分析了表面外延层对器件沟道表面电场分布的改善作用,并采用突变结近似法对p型外延层参数与器件输出电流(I_ds)和击穿电压(V_B)的关系进行了研究.结果表明,通过在常规MESFET漏端处引入新的电场峰来降低栅极边缘的强电场峰并在栅漏之间的沟道表面引入p-n结内建电场进一步降低电场峰值,改善了表面电场沿电流方向的分布.通过与常规结构以及场板结构SiC MESFET的特性对比表明,本文提出的结构可以明显改善SiC MESFET的功率特性.此外,针对文中给定的器件结构,获得了优化的设计方案,选择p型外延层厚度为0.12 μupm,掺杂浓度为5× 10¹⁵ cm^-3,可使器件的V_B提高33%而保持I_ds基本不变.     

“无水”NiCo2O4纳米棒在电化学无酶葡萄糖传感中的应用

本文介绍了棒状NiCo₂O₄的制备,并将其修饰玻碳电极作为无酶葡萄糖传感器. 通过简单的水热反应合成了NiCo₂O₄,然后在商用微波炉中对NiCo₂O₄进行处理,以消除水热合成过程中可能引入的残存水. 扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射谱和X射线光电子能谱分析表明,微波处理前后结构无变化. 通过EDS对Ni,Co,O原子比例的分析,证明微波处理对残存水的消除作用. 微波处理的NiCo₂O₄(M-NiCo₂O₄)作为葡萄糖传感器的灵敏度高达431.29 μA mM^-1 cm^-2. 最后,将M-NiCo₂O₄在水中浸泡不同时间后,其对葡萄糖的感应性能下降. 结果表明,水热过程中引入的残存水对其电化学性能有很强的影响,微波预处理对其电化学性能也有着重要的影响.     

储存环高频剔除系统

 介绍了用于电子储存环部分填充和非均匀填充的一种实验装置,它利用储存环中电子运动所具有的横向自由振荡和束团脉冲的时间结构这一特性,采用外加激励的方法使其产生共振,从而使得储存环中部分束团中的电子丢失,形成储存环的部分填充和非均匀填充。还扼要介绍了用高频剔除系统在储存环上实现不同填充方式时的束流积累结果。     

Theory of Thermal Fatigue Caused by RF Pulsed Heating

The normal conducting electron-positron Linear Collider projects imply that accelerating structures and other RF components will undergo an action of extremely high RF fields. Except for the RF breakdown threat, there is an effect of the copper surface being damage due to multi-pulse mechanical stress caused by Ohmic losses in the skin layer. In this paper we would like to introduce a new “grain” model of the processes responsible for the fatigue of the metal surface. This model is based on the quasi-elastic interaction between neighboring grains in the metal due to the thermal expansion of the skin layer. This mechanism of fatigue is compared with another, where stresses are generated by the temperature gradient towards the bulk of the material. With the proposed formalism one can estimate the total number of the RF pulses required to fracture the surface depending on the temperature rise, pulse length and steady state temperature. The parameters necessary to finalize the proposed approach were found through the comparison of experimental data obtained at 11.424 GHz.     

RF deflecting cavity for bunch length measurement in Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source

An RF deflecting cavity used for bunch length measurement has been designed and fabricated at Tsinghua University for the Thomson Scattering X-Ray Source.The cavity is a 2856 MHz,π-mode,3-cell standing-wave cavity,to diagnose the 3.5 MeV beam produced by photocathode electron gun.With a larger power source,the same cavity will again be used to measure the accelerated beam with energy of 50 MeV before colliding with the laser pulse.The RF design using MAFIA for both the cavity shape and the power coupler is reviewed,followed by presenting the fabrication procedure and bench measurement results of two cavities.     

用于长脉冲多束团直线加速器的SLED系统

根据长脉冲多束团直线加速器对输入微波波形的要求,系统研究了带有SLED的微波系统,由SLED基本理论推导了输出RAMP波形和平顶波形脉冲时SLED所需的输入波形,给出SLED的参数优化方法.用冷测实验对所发展的理论进行了验证,第一次用SLED产生了RAMP波形和平顶波形的RF脉冲.     

An integrated program for amplitude-modulated RF pulse generation and re-mapping with shaped gradients

Efficient generation of amplitude modulated, frequency selective RF pulses has been demonstrated by the Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm. In the present article, we provide an overview of a relatively comprehensive computer program that includes a version of the SLR algorithm and also incorporates an algorithm for re-mapping a selective RF pulse onto a new dwell time with modulated gradients. The re-mapping may be used to reduce SAR, or to shorten the RF pulse time by increasing the gradient and RF strength in regions where the original RF pulse amplitude was low. The program includes additional useful features including a Bloch equations algorithm, and pulse scaling, to enable examination of pulse profiles under a variety of conditions such as RF inhomogeneity and even nuclear relaxation. The program, MATPULSE, was developed with the MATLAB for Windows programming language and makes extensive use of the MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) features to generate a userfriendly interface. A number of examples are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the MATPULSE program.     

行波谐振环和陶瓷窗高功率老炼

 为了老炼国家同步辐射实验室200 MeV直线加速器新陶瓷窗,制作了一个功率增益4.5,最高峰值功率60 MW的波导行波谐振环。对谐振环的工作原理和技术参数进行了简单介绍。对陶瓷窗功率老炼的步骤和应注意的技术细节进行了较详细的分析,提出了克服电子倍增效应的一些方法。陶瓷窗老炼峰值功率为30 MW,平均功率3.7 kW,脉冲长度2.5μs。     

冷却储存实验环功率源的设计与计算

 对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环实验环(CSRe)的高频系统功率源的设计作了详细的工程计算,工作频率范围为0.5~2.0 MHz,工作于基波及二次谐波模式,发射机不仅能工作于点频连续波模式,而且还可以工作在扫频调制模式,输出最大功率达到70 kW。满足最高加速或减速电压10 kV的设计要求,能够用于捕获放射性次级束并将束流的能量从400 MeV/u 减速到 30 MeV/u。     

Studies of dual-harmonic acceleration at CSNS-Ⅱ

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron(RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS) complex is designed to provide 1.56×1013 protons per pulse(ppp) during the initial stage,and it is upgradeable to 3.12×1013 ppp during the second stage and 6.24×1013 ppp during the ultimate stage.The high beam intensity in the RCS requires alleviation of space charge effects to reduce beam losses,which is key in such high beam power accelerators.With higher intensities in the upgrading phases,a dual-harmonic RF system is planned to produce flat-topped bunches that are useful to reduce the space charge effects.We have studied different schemes to apply the dual-harmonic acceleration in CSNS-,and have calculated the main parameters of the RF systems,which are presented in this paper.     

TW Laser system for Thomson scattering X-ray light source at Tsinghua University

A TW (Tera Watt) laser system based on Ti:sapphire mainly for the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray light source (TTX) is being built. Both UV (ultraviolet) laser pulse for driving the photocathode radiofrequency (RF) gun and the IR (infrared) laser pulse as the electron-beam-scattered-light are provided by the system. Efforts have also been made in laser pulse shaping and laser beam transport to optimize the high-brightness electron beam production by the photocathode RF gun.     

TW Laser system for Thomson scattering X-ray light source at Tsinghua University

A TW (Tera Watt) laser system based on Ti:sapphire mainly for the Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray light source (TTX) is being built. Both UV (ultraviolet) laser pulse for driving the photocathode radio-frequency (RF) gun and the IR (infrared) laser pulse as the electron-beam-scattered-light are provided by the system. Efforts have also been made in laser pulse shaping and laser beam transport to optimize the high-brightness electron beam production by the photocathode RF gun.