Discrete spectra of -algebras and complemented submodules in Hilbert -modules

Let be a -algebra and let be a full (right) Hilbert -module. It is shown that if the spectrum of is discrete, then every closed --submodule of is complemented in , and conversely that if is a -space and if every closed --submodule of is complemented in , then is discrete.

     

Isomorphisms of subalgebras of nest algebras

Let be a subalgebra of a nest algebra . If contains all rank one operators in , then is said to be large; if the set of rank one operators in coincides with that in the Jacobson radical of , is said to be radical-type. In this paper, algebraic isomorphisms of large subalgebras and of radical-type subalgebras are characterized. Let be a nest of subspaces of a Hilbert space and be a subalgebra of the nest algebra associated to (). Let be an algebraic isomorphism from onto . It is proved that is spatial if one of the following occurs: (1) () is large and contains a masa; (2) () is large and closed; (3) () is a closed radical-type subalgebra and ( is quasi-continuous (i.e. the trivial elements of are limit points); (4) () is large and one of and is not quasi-continuous.

     

Small covers of the dodecahedron and the -cell

Let be the right-angled hyperbolic dodecahedron or -cell, and let be the group generated by reflections across codimension-one faces of . We prove that if is a torsion free subgroup of minimal index, then the corresponding hyperbolic manifold is determined up to homeomorphism by modulo symmetries of .

     

Approximation of measurable mappings by sequences of continuous functions

Let be a completely regular Hausdorff space, a positive, finite Baire measure on , and a separable metrizable locally convex space. Suppose is a measurable mapping. Then there exists a sequence of functions in which converges to a.e. . If the function is assumed to be weakly continuous and the measure is assumed to be -smooth, then a separability condition is not needed.

     

On the algebra range of an operator on a Hilbert -module over compact operators

Let be a Hilbert -module over the -algebra of all compact operators on a complex Hilbert space . Given an orthogonal projection , we describe the set for an arbitrary adjointable operator . The relationship between the set and the matricial range of is established.

     

An example in holomorphic fixed point theory

If is the open unit ball in the Cartesian product furnished with the -norm , where and , then a holomorphic self-mapping of has a fixed point if and only if for some

     

On the best possible character of the norm in some a priori estimates for non-divergence form equations in Carnot groups

Let be a group of Heisenberg type with homogeneous dimension . For every we construct a non-divergence form operator and a non-trivial solution to the Dirichlet problem: in , on . This non-uniqueness result shows the impossibility of controlling the maximum of with an norm of when . Another consequence is the impossiblity of an Alexandrov-Bakelman type estimate such as

where is the dimension of the horizontal layer of the Lie algebra and is the symmetrized horizontal Hessian of .

     

Graphs that are not complete pluripolar

Let be domains in . Under very mild conditions on we show that there exist holomorphic functions , defined on with the property that is nowhere extendible across , while the graph of over is not complete pluripolar in . This refutes a conjecture of Levenberg, Martin and Poletsky (1992).

     

Critical exponents of discrete groups and -spectrum

Let be a noncompact semisimple Lie group and an arbitrary discrete, torsion-free subgroup of . Let be the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the locally symmetric space , and let be the exponent of growth of . If has rank , then these quantities are related by a well-known formula due to Elstrodt, Patterson, Sullivan and Corlette. In this note we generalize that relation to the higher rank case by estimating from above and below by quadratic polynomials in . As an application we prove a rigiditiy property of lattices.

     

On polynomial products in nilpotent and solvable Lie groups

We are dealing with Lie groups which are diffeomorphic to , for some . After identifying with , the multiplication on can be seen as a map . We show that if is a polynomial map in one of the two (sets of) variables or , then is solvable. Moreover, if one knows that is polynomial in one of the variables, the group is nilpotent if and only if is polynomial in both its variables.

     

Weak compactness of certain sets of measures

For a compact Hausdorff space and a Montel Hausdorff locally convex space , let being the uniform topology. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for an equicontinuous to be -compact. Special results are obtained when is an -space or a -Stonian space.

     

Extremal metrics for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian in a conformal class

Let be a compact manifold. First, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Riemannian metric on to be extremal for with respect to conformal deformations of fixed volume. In particular, these conditions show that for any lattice of , the flat metric induced on from the standard metric of is extremal (in the previous sense). In the second part, we give, for any , an upper bound of on the conformal class of and exhibit a class of lattices for which the metric maximizes on its conformal class.

     

Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of simplicial semigroup rings with isolated singularity

Let be the polynomial ring in variables over a field and its graded maximal ideal. Let be homogeneous polynomials of degree generating an -primary ideal, and let be arbitrary homogeneous polynomials of degree . In the present paper it will be proved that the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the standard graded -algebra is at most . By virtue of this result, it follows that the regularity of a simplicial semigroup ring with isolated singularity is at most , where is the multiplicity of and is the codimension of .

     

Criteria for irrationality of Euler's constant

By modifying Beukers' proof of Apéry's theorem that is irrational, we derive criteria for irrationality of Euler's constant, . For 0$">, we define a double integral and a positive integer , and prove that with the following are equivalent:

1. The fractional part of is given by for some .

2. The formula holds for all sufficiently large .

3. Euler's constant is a rational number.

A corollary is that if infinitely often, then is irrational. Indeed, if the inequality holds for a given (we present numerical evidence for and is rational, then its denominator does not divide . We prove a new combinatorial identity in order to show that a certain linear form in logarithms is in fact . A by-product is a rapidly converging asymptotic formula for , used by P. Sebah to compute correct to 18063 decimals.

     

-injective rings and -stable primes

The notion of stability of the highest local cohomology module with respect to the Frobenius functor originates in the work of R. Hartshorne and R. Speiser. R. Fedder and K.-i. Watanabe examined this concept for isolated singularities by relating it to -rationality. The purpose of this note is to study what happens in the case of non-isolated singularities and to show how this stability concept encapsulates a few of the subtleties of tight closure theory. Our study can be seen as a generalization of the work by Fedder and Watanabe. We introduce two new ring invariants, the -stability number and the set of -stable primes. We associate to every ideal generated by a system of parameters and an ideal of multipliers denoted and obtain a family of ideals . The set is independent of and consists of finitely many prime ideals. It also equals prime ideal such that is -stable. The maximal height of such primes defines the -stability number.

     

Banach spaces having the Radon-Nikodym property and numerical index 1

Let be a Banach space with the Radon-Nikodym property. Then, the following are equivalent.

(i) has numerical index 1.

(ii) for all and . (iii) is an almost-CL-space.

(iv) There are a compact Hausdorff space and a linear isometry such that for all and .

If is a real space, the above conditions are equivalent to being semi-nicely embedded in some space .

     

Farrell sets for harmonic functions

Let denote a relatively closed subset of the unit ball of . The purpose of this paper is to characterize those sets which have the following property: any harmonic function on which satisfies on (where 0$">) can be locally uniformly approximated on by a sequence of harmonic polynomials which satisfy the same inequality on . This answers a question posed by Stray, who had earlier solved the corresponding problem for holomorphic functions on the unit disc.

     

Number of Sylow subgroups in -solvable groups

If is a finite group and is a prime number, let be the number of Sylow -subgroups of . If is a subgroup of a -solvable group , we prove that divides .

     

The -exponent of the -local spectrum

Let be a fixed odd prime. In this paper we prove an exponent conjecture of Bousfield, namely that the -exponent of the spectrum is for . It follows from this result that the -exponent of is at least for and , where denotes the -connected cover of .