Some approximation theorems for modified Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators

The modified Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators discussed in this paper are given byM_nf≡M_n(f,x)=(n+2)P_(n,k)∫_0~1p_n+1.k(t)f(t)dt,whereWe will show,for 0<α<1 and 1≤p≤∞     

Asymptotic number of solutions of some systems of diophantine inequalities

The problem of finding the asymptotic number of solutions of the system of inequalities $$\begin{gathered} \left\| {\alpha _i q} \right\|< q^{ - \sigma _i } (i = 1,...,n), \sigma _i > 0, \hfill \\ \sigma = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {\sigma _i< c(\alpha _1 ,...,\alpha _n ), q = 1,...,N,} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ is solved under the assumption that for real numbers α₁,..., α_n, starting from some Q=max(q₁...,q_n) the inequality holds for any real λ≥0.     

The number of strictly increasing mappings of fences

Let X and Y be fences of size n and m, respectively and n, m be either both even or both odd integers (i.e., |m-n| is an even integer). Let \(r = \left\lfloor {{{(n - 1)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(n - 1)} 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2}} \right\rfloor\) . If 1<n<-m then there are \(a_{n,m} = (m + 1)2^{n - 2} - 2(n - 1)(\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n - 2} \\ r \\ \end{array} )\) of strictly increasing mappings of X to Y. If 1<-m<-n<-2m and s=1/2(n?m) then there are a _n,m+b _n,m+c _n of such mappings, where $$\begin{gathered} b_{n,m} = 8\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{s - 2} {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {m + 2i + 1} \\ l \\ \end{array} } \right)4^{s - 2 - 1} } \hfill \\ {\text{ }}c_n = \left\{ \begin{gathered} \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n - 1} \\ {s - 1} \\ \end{array} } \right){\text{ if both }}n,m{\text{ are even;}} \hfill \\ {\text{ 0 if both }}n,m{\text{ are odd}}{\text{.}} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$      

Approximation of the function sign x in the uniform and integral metrics by means of rational functions

Estimates are obtained for the nonsymmetric deviations R_n [sign x] and R_n [sign x]_L of the function sign x from rational functions of degree ≤n, respectively, in the metric $$c([ - 1, - \delta ] \cup [\delta ,1]), 0< \delta< exp( - \alpha \surd \overline n ), \alpha > 0,$$ and in the metric L[?1, 1]: $$\begin{gathered} R_n [sign x] _{\frown }^\smile exp \{ - \pi ^2 n/(2 ln 1/\delta )\} , n \to \infty , \hfill \\ 10^{ - 3} n^{ - 2} \exp ( - 2\pi \surd \overline n )< R_n [sign x_{|L}< \exp ( - \pi \surd \overline {n/2} + 150). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Let 0 < δ < 1, Δ (δ)=[?1, ? δ] ∪ [δ, 1]; $$\begin{gathered} R_n [f;\Delta (\delta )] = R_n [f] = inf max |f(x) - R(x)|, \hfill \\ R_n [f;[ - 1,1] ]_L = R_n [f]_L = \mathop {inf}\limits_{R(x)} \smallint _{ - 1}^1 |f(x) - R(x)|dx, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where R(x) is a rational function of order at most n. Bulanov [1] proved that for δ ε [e^?n, e^?1] the inequality $$\exp \left( {\frac{{\pi ^2 n}}{{2\ln (1/\delta }}} \right) \leqslant R_n [sign x] \leqslant 30 exp\left( {\frac{{\pi ^2 n}}{{2\ln (1/\delta + 4 ln ln (e/\delta ) + 4}}} \right)$$ is valid. The lower estimate in this inequality was previously obtained by Gonchar ([2], cf. also [1]).     

Regularity of p-harmonic maps from the p-dimensional ball into a sphere

We prove that, forp≥2, all weaklyp-harmonic mapsu=(u ₁,...,u _n ) from thep-dimensional ball into a sphere, i.e. weak solutions of classW ^1,p of the constrained eliptic system $$\begin{gathered} - div(|\nabla u|^{p - 2} \nabla u_i ) = u_i |\nabla u|^p \hfill \\ \sum {(u_i )} ^2 = 1, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ are Hölder continuous. This result is an analogue of an earlier theorem of F. Hélein for the casep=2.     

On the convergence and divergence of multiple Fourier series with respect to the Walsh—Paley system in the spacesC andL

Работа касается вопр осов сходимости и рас ходимости кратных рядов Фурье п о системе Уолша-Пэли в метрикахС и L. Из доказанных тео рем следует, в частности, ч то еишf∈Е (Е=С или E=L) и существует н атуральноеi ₀ (1≦i ₀ ≦N) так ое, что и $$\begin{gathered} \omega (\delta _{i_0 } ;f)_E = o\left( {\frac{1}{{1n^N \frac{1}{{\delta _{i_0 } }}}}} \right) (\delta _{i_0 } \to 0) \hfill \\ \omega (\delta _k ;f)_E = o\left( {\frac{1}{{1n^N \frac{1}{{\delta _k }}}}} \right), k \ne i_0 (\delta _k \to 0), k = 1,2, ...,N, \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ тоN-кратный ряд Фурье функцииf по системе У олша-Пэли сходится по Прингсхе йму в смысле метрики пространств аЕ. Доказано также, что вы шеотмеченное утверж дение неусиляемо в метрикеL не только для системы Уолша, но и для некоторого класс а ОНС, ограниченных в совок упности.     

An Inverse Spectral Problem for a Nonsymmetric Differential Operator: Uniqueness and Reconstruction Formula

We consider an eigenvalue problem for a system on [0, 1]: $$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {\left[ {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{array} } \right)\frac{{\text{d}}} {{{\text{d}}x}} + \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {p_{11} (x)} & {p_{12} (x)} \\ {p_{21} (x)} & {p_{22} (x)} \\ \end{array} } \right)} \right]\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\varphi ^{(1)} (x)} \\ {\varphi ^{(2)} (x)} \\ \end{array} } \right) = \lambda \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\varphi ^{(1)} (x)} \\ {\varphi ^{(1)} (x)} \\ \end{array} } \right)} \\ {\varphi ^{(2)} (0)\cosh \mu - \varphi ^{(1)} (0)\sinh \mu = \varphi ^{(2)} (1)\cosh \nu + \varphi ^{(1)} (1)\sinh \nu = 0} \\ \end{array} } \right.$$ with constants $$\mu ,\nu \in \mathbb{C}.$$ Under the assumption that p₂₁, p₂₂ are known, we prove a uniqueness theorem and provide a reconstruction formula for p₁₁ and p₁₂ from the spectral characteristics consisting of one spectrum and the associated norming constants.     

Symmetry results for systems involving fractional Laplacian

In this paper we investigate symmetry results for positive solutions of systems involving the fractional Laplacian (1) $\left\{ \begin{gathered} ( - \Delta )^{\alpha _1 } u_1 (x) = f_1 (u_2 (x)),x \in \mathbb{R}^\mathbb{N} , \hfill \\ ( - \Delta )^{\alpha _2 } u_2 (x) = f_2 (u_1 (x)),x \in \mathbb{R}^\mathbb{N} , \hfill \\ \lim _{|x| \to \infty } u_1 (x) = \lim _{|x| \to \infty } u_2 (x) = 0 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. $ where N ≥ 2 and α ₁, α ₂ ∈ (0, 1). We prove symmetry properties by the method of moving planes.     

Compactness of support of solutions to nonlinear second-order elliptic and parabolic equations in a half-cylinder

We study equations of the form $$\begin{gathered} u_{tt} + Lu + b(x,t)u_t = a(x,t)\left| u \right|^{\sigma - 1} u, \hfill \\ - u_t + Lu = a(x,t)\left| u \right|^{\sigma - 1} u \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ , whereL is a uniformly elliptic operator and 0<σ<1. In the half-cylinder II_0,∞={(x, t):x= (x ₁,...,x _n )∈ ω,t>0}, where ? ? ? _n is a bounded domain, we consider solutions satisfying the homogeneous Neumann condition forx∈?ω andt>0. We find conditions under which these solutions have compact support and prove statements of the following type: ifu(x, t)=o(t ^γ) ast→∞, then there exists aT such thatu(x, t)≡0 fort>T. In this case γ depends on the coefficients of the equation and on the exponent σ.     

Sums of Five, Seven and Nine Squares

Let r _k(n) denote the number of representations of an integer n as a sum of k squares. We prove that

A note on a theorem of Sunouchi

We show that for negativeα Sunouchi's formula $$\begin{gathered} H_n (f,\alpha ,\beta ,x) = \frac{1}{{A_n^\beta }}\sum\nolimits_{k = 0}^n {A_{n - k}^{\beta - 1} } |f(x) - \sigma _k^\alpha (f,x)|, \hfill \\ \alpha > - \frac{1}{2},\beta > \frac{1}{2}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ becomes false, where σ _k ^α (f, x) is the (C,α) mean of the Fourier series for the functionf(x) ε Lipγ, 0<γ<1. A bound is given for H_n(f, α,β, x) for allα > -1,β> -1, which forα + β > 0, α≥ 0,β ≥0, coincides with the Sunouchi bound. The proof is by a method different from that of Sunouchi.     

The formula for the number of order-preserving selfmappings of a fence

LetY be a fence of sizem andr=?m?1/2?. The numberb(m) of order-preserving selfmappings ofY is equal toA _r-B_r-C_r-D_r, where, ifm is odd, $$\begin{gathered} A_r = 2(r + 1)\sum\limits_{s = 0}^r {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r + s} \\ {2s} \\ \end{array} } \right)} 4^s , B_r = 2r\sum\limits_{s = 1}^r {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r + s} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r - 1} \\ {s - 1} \\ \end{array} } \right),} \hfill \\ C_r = 4r\sum\limits_{s = 0}^{r - 1} {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r + s} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r - 1} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right), D_r = \sum\limits_{s = 0}^{r - 1} {(2s + 1)} \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r + s - 1} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {r - 1} \\ s \\ \end{array} } \right)} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ . Ifm is even, a similar formula forb(m) is true. The key trick in the proof is a one-to-one correspondence between order-preserving selfmappings ofY and pairs consisted of a partition ofY and a strictly increasing mapping of a subfence ofY toY.     

Pointwise and uniform estimates for convex approximation of functions by algebraic polynomials

Let Δ ^q be the set of functionsf for which theqth difference, is nonnegative on the interval [? 1,1],P _n is the set of algebraic polynomials of degree not exceedingn, τ _k (f, δ) _p is the averaged Sendov-Popov modulus of smoothness in theL _p [?1,1] metric for 1≦p≦∞, ω _k (f, δ) and $\omega _\phi ^k (f,\delta ),\phi (x): = \sqrt {1 - x^2 } ,$ , are the usual modulus and the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness in the uniform metric, respectively. For a functionf∈C[?1,1]?Δ² we construct a polynomialp _n ∈P _n ?Δ² such that $$\begin{gathered} \left| {f(x) - p_n (x)} \right| \leqslant C\omega _3 (f,n^{ - 1} \sqrt {1 - x^2 } + n^{ - 2} ),x \in [ - 1,1]; \hfill \\ \left\| {f - p_n } \right\|_\infty \leqslant C\omega _\phi ^3 (f,n^{ - 1} ); \hfill \\ \left\| {f - p_n } \right\|_p \leqslant C\tau _3 (f,n^{ - 1} )_p . \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ As a consequence, for a functionf∈C ²[?1,1]?Δ³ a polynomialp _n ^* ∈P _n ?Δ³ exists such that $$\left\| {f - p_n^* } \right\|_\infty \leqslant Cn^{ - 1} \omega _2 (f\prime ,n^{ - 1} ),$$ wheren≥2 andC is an absolute constant.     

Interpolation by polyhedral functions

A polyhedral functionlp(Δ_n) (f). interpolating a function f, defined on a polygon Φ, is defined by a set of interpolating nodes Δ_n ?Φ and a partition P(Δ_n) of the polygon Φ into triangles with vertices at the points of Δ_n. In this article we will compute for convex moduli of continuity the quatities $$\begin{gathered} E (H_\Phi ^\omega ; P (\Delta _n )) = sup || f - l_{p(\Delta _n )} (f)||, \hfill \\ f \in H_\Phi ^\omega \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and also give an asymptotic estimate of the quantities $$\begin{gathered} E_n (H_\Phi ^\omega ) = infinf E (H_\Phi ^\omega ; P (\Delta _n )). \hfill \\ \Delta _n P(\Delta _n ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$      

Subalgebras of free products of algebras of the variety\mathfrak{u}_{m,n}

The variety \(\mathfrak{u}_{m,n} \) is defined by the system of n-ary operations ω_i,..., ω_m, the system of m-ary operations ?_i,..., ?_n, 1≤ m ≤ n, and the system of identities $$\begin{gathered} x_1 ...x_n \omega _1 ...x_1 ...x_n \omega _m \varphi _i = x_i (i = 1,...,n), \hfill \\ x_1 ...x_m \varphi _1 ...x_1 ...x_m \varphi _n \omega _j = x_j (i = 1,...,m), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ It is proved in this paper that the subalgebra U of the free product \(\Pi _{i \in I}^* A_i \) of the algebras A_i (i ε I) can be expanded as the free product of nonempty intersections U ∩ A_i (i ε I) and a free algebra.     

A decomposition for someU-type statistics

Define , $S_{k,n} = \Sigma _{1 \leqslant i_1< \cdot \cdot \cdot< l_k \leqslant n} X_{i_1 } \cdot \cdot \cdot X_{i_k } ,n \geqslant k \geqslant {\text{1}}$ where {X, X _n ,n≥1} are i.i.d. random variables withEX=0,EX ²=1 and letH _k (·) denote the Hermite polynomial of degreek. By establishing an LIL for products of correlated sums of i.i.d. random variables, the a.s. decomposition $$\begin{gathered} k!S_{k,n} = n^{k/2} H_k (S_{1n} /n^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} ) - \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} k \\ 2 \\ \end{array} } \right)S_{1.n}^{k - 2} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {(X_i^2 - 1)} \hfill \\ + O(n^{(k - 1)/2} (\log \log n)^{(k - 3/2} ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ valid whenEX ⁴<∞, elicits an LIL forη _k,n =k!S _k,n ?n ^k/2 H _k (S _1n /n ^1/2) under a reduced normalization. Moreover, whenE|X| ^p <∞ for somep in [2, 4], a Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type strong law forη _k,n is obtained, likewise under a reduced normalization.     

Small prime solutions of some additive equations

Essentially sharp bounds for small prime solutionsp _j ,q _i of the following two different types of equations are obtained.

L p inequalities for polynomials with restricted zeros

LetP(z) be a polynomial of degreen which does not vanish in the disk |z|<k. It has been proved that for eachp>0 andk≥1, $$\begin{gathered} \left\{ {\frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int_0^{2\pi } {\left| {P^{(s)} (e^{i\theta } )} \right|^p d\theta } } \right\}^{1/p} \leqslant n(n - 1) \cdots (n - s + 1) B_p \hfill \\ \times \left\{ {\frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int_0^{2\pi } {\left| {P(e^{i\theta } )} \right|^p d\theta } } \right\}^{1/p} , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where $B_p = \left\{ {\frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int_0^{2\pi } {\left| {k^s + e^{i\alpha } } \right|^p d\alpha } } \right\}^{ - 1/p} $ andP ^(s)(z) is thesth derivative ofP(z). This result generalizes well-known inequality due to De Bruijn. Asp→∞, it gives an inequality due to Govil and Rahman which as a special case gives a result conjectured by Erdös and first proved by Lax.     

О суммируемости обоб щенных рядов Фурье

Consider a functionf satisfying the condition (1) $$\left| x \right|^\alpha f(x) \in L( - \pi ,\pi ),\alpha > 0,$$ , and define the positive integerm by the inequalitiesm ?1<α≦m. The trigonometric series Σ _n=1 ^∞ (a _n cosnx+-b _n sinnx) with coefficients $$\begin{gathered} a_n = \frac{1}{\pi }\int\limits_{ - \pi }^\pi {f(t)\left( {\cos nt - \sum\limits_{j = 0}^{[(m - 1)/2]} {\frac{{( - 1)^j (nt)^{2j} }}{{(2j)!}}} } \right)dt,} \hfill \\ b_n = \frac{1}{\pi }\int\limits_{ - \pi }^\pi {f(t)\left( {\sin nt - \sum\limits_{j = 1}^{[m/2]} {\frac{{( - 1)^{j + 1} (nt)^{2j - 1} }}{{(2j - 1)!}}} } \right)dt} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ is then called the generalized Fourier series ofmth order off. The following result is proved. Let the 2π-periodic functionf satisfy condition (1) and letт ?1 < α≦m. Then the generalized Fourier series ofmth order off is summable almost everywhere tof(x) by the (C, α)-method. For an arbitrary α∈(0, 1) condition (1) is sharp.     

Some 3-adic congruences for binomial sums

We prove some 3-adic congruences for binomial sums,which were conjectured by Zhi-Wei Sun.For example,for any integer m≡1(mod 3)and any positive integer n,we have31n n.1Xk=01mk 2k kmin{3(n),3(m.1).1},where 3(n)denotes the 3-adic order of n.In our proofs,we use several auxiliary combinatorial identities and a series converging to 0 over the 3-adic field.