胆囊结石患者手术前后血清SOD、LPO的变化

为研究胆囊结石患者血清中超氧化物岐化酶活性水平,过氧化脂质含量及其变化簧 嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法测定了４８例胆囊结石患者手术前后血清中ＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量。     

低硒对大鼠血管一氧化氮合酶和微循环的影响

采用低硒饲料饲养大鼠造成体内贫硒。１４周时测定血浆中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）和血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）的水平以及部分血液流变学指标。实验第３９周,测定血管组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平。结果显示,低硒饲料组的血管ＮＯＳ活性、ＮＯ水平显著低于常规饲料的对照组;而在实验第１４周时,当低硒饲料组的血硒、血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性显著下降、血浆ＬＰＯ水平明显上升的同时,其对应的血浆６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α水平也显著降低,但其ＴＸＢ２与对照组无显著差异。此外,随着大鼠体内的贫硒,其红细胞变形能力下降,但红细胞聚集指数和血沉方程Ｋ值提高。因此,硒不足可能会通过影响ＮＯＳ活性和ＰＧＩ２的合成以及红细胞特性而损害微循环功能。     

慢性肝病患者血中sIL—2R,LPO水平测定及补硒的影响

为探讨硒对慢性肝病患者血中白细胞介素Ⅱ受体的影响,５６例慢性肝病患者随机分为常规治疗组和补硒治疗组,对治疗前后患者血中硒,过氧化脂质和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行了测定和比较。     

腹腔注射稀土化合物对小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的影响

成年小鼠每天腹腔注射０．２８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ剂量的ｔｏＣｌ３、Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ、ＴｂＣｌ３和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ生理盐水溶液，连续三天后与生理盐水对照组比较，ＬａＣｌ３使小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）水平升高，超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性降低，而ＴｂＣｌ３的影响不明显；ＬａＣｌ３和ＴｂＣｌ３均显著降低谷恍甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。同样剂量Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ对上述三项指标基本无影响。     

长期低浓度铅暴露对人体微量元素的影响

测定了１５名长时间从事低剂量铅接触的女工血铅、铜、锌、铁、锰及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性、脂质过氧化产物二级降解物丙二醛含量,并以同年龄组同地区非铅暴露人群作对照。结果显示：暴露组的血铅、铜、ＭＤＡ含量高于对照组;而血锌Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性低于对照组;血Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ两组无明显差异。     

硒对氟中毒大鼠尿氟及脑肾组织脂质过氧化物含量的影响

大鼠饲料分别加入２×１０－６、４×１０－６硒．饮用７．５×１０－６、１５×１０－６氟水．１个月后，随尿硒粪硒排量增加，尿氟排量也增高，以２×１０－６硒饲料排氟效果最佳．血浆中ＡＬＰ、ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ及ＬＤＨ等酶活性加硒组有不同程度的降低．随后两次增高氟水量重复试验，给以２×１０－６硒饲料，仍观察到尿氟排量增高．血中含硒酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性也有升高趋势，脑及肾中脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量明显减少，病区患者服硒后，尿氟含量亦高于对照组．实验结果提示；１）硒能促使体内氟由尿中排出；２）降低某些组织ＬＰＯ含量；３）减少体内氟含量；４）预防和改善氟中毒某些临床症状。     

腹腔注射稀土化合物对小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的…

成年小鼠每天腹腔注射０．２８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ剂量的ＬａＣｌ３、Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ、ＴｂＣｌ３和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ生理盐水溶液，连续三天后与生理盐水对照组比较，ＬａＣｌ３使小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化（ＬＰＤ）水平升高，超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性降低，而ＴｂＣｌ３的影响不明显；ＬａＣｌ３和ＴｂＣｌ３均显著降低谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。同样剂量Ｌａ－ＤＴＰＡ和Ｔｂ－ＤＴＰＡ对上述三项指标基本无影响。     

杂多阴离子SiW11对硅肺发生的抑制作用

本文观察了口服和雾化吸入ＳｉＷ（１１）杂多阴离子对实验性大鼠硅肺的防治作用及其病理形态变化，测定了大鼠肺匀浆中游离［Ｃａ（２＋）］及羟脯氨酸含量、肺泡无细胞灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中乳酸脱氨酶（ＬＤＨ）含量及酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性和血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）值．结果表明：ＳｉＷ（１１）杂多阴离子对石英的致硅肺作用有一定抑制效果．本文还初步讨论了这种抑制作用的原因．     

EPR法研究自由基在移植免疫中的作用

用电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）法，化学发光法及荧光光谱法研究了１００例正常人、４２例角膜移值患者泪液中的自由基、超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）和水溶性脂质过氧化物（ＷＳＬＰ）等指标．结果表明正常人泪液中自由基的自旋浓度是（３．６±０．５８）×１０１２ｓｐｉｎｓ／ｍＬ，ＳＯＤ浓度为（３．８４±１．４５）μｇ／Ｌ、水溶性脂质过氧化物相对荧光强度为９．５９８～１６．２２５Ｕ／ｍＬ．角膜移植后三项指标变化出现两个规律的峰，这种规律性变化在三项指标间存在显著的相关性．其中５例患者的特殊变化证明移植排斥反应与术后这些变化的进一步持续发展有关     

ABS树脂的阻燃化研究：I.添加小分子阻燃剂

系统地研究了ＦＲ－ＴＮＸ、Ｓｂ２Ｏ３、Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２、Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３等小分子阻燃剂对ＡＢＳ树脂的阻燃效果及其协同效应。结果表明，单一组燃剂的作用不太明显；锑卤复配可取得较好的协同效应；通过测定冲击强度和拉伸性能，考察了阻燃剂对ＡＢＳ树脂的机械性能的影响，并通过ＤＭＡ进一步分析了阻燃剂与树脂的相容性；通过ＴＧＡ等热分析手段探讨了小分子阻燃剂在凝聚相的阻燃行为与作用机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

Features of the mechanism of oxidative dehydrodimerization of propynol

Analysis of kinetic regularities for the propynol oxidative coupling under the action of cupric salts in pyridine and in the presence of a buffer is undertaken. The reaction mechanism, including the formation of Cu(I) acetylides, is considered.     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of the thermodynamics of adsorption of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile

The thermodynamics of adsorption has been studied of hydrolyzed modified polyacrylnitrile (HMP) in water solutions with a concentration ranging from 0.25 g/l to 2.00 g/l on bleached sulphate and unbleached and bleached sulphite celluloses at temperatures of 0, 20, 40, and 60 C.It has been established that with the rise in temperature, the amount of adsorbed polymer —(HMP) decreases. The values of the enthalpy change are negative and show a linear decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed polymer. The adsorption equilibrium is defined by the logarithmic isotherm of Tjumkin, valid for uniform heterogeneous surfaces.With the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP the values of the entropy change become negative and linearly decrease. A compensation effect has been noticed which results from the simultaneous action of the entropy and energy factors.The values of the change of the chemical potential for the three types of cellulose are negative and linearly decrease with the increase in the amount of adsorbed HMP and with the rise in temperature.