高斯反射率输出镜改善光束质量的实验研究

非稳腔能产生大体积基模,具有好的空间选模特性,但在固体调Q激光器中,由于孔径光阑和热畸变的影响,非稳腔输出的横模并不光滑.使用高斯反射率耦合输出镜可较好地改善其输出光束质量,设计了平-凸非稳腔,使用Nd:YAG,电光调Q固体激光器进行实验,获得了较为平滑的远场光强分布,实验结果表明高斯反射率输出镜可较好地改善固体激光器中非稳腔输出光束质量.     

Driven injection of a polymer into a spherical cavity: A Langevin dynamics simulation study

The injection of a self-avoiding flexible polymer into a spherical cavity under a driving force is studied by using Langevin dynamics simulation. For given polymer length (N) and driving force (f), the polymer can be completely injected into the cavity only when the radius of the cavity is larger than a transition radius (R_eC). The dependence of R_eC on N and f can be described by a scaling relation R_eC∝N^1/3f^-δ. The value of δ changes from 4/15 in the small f region to 1/6 in the moderate f region due to the screening of the excluded-volume interaction between monomers. We find the complete injection time (τ) decreases monotonously with increasing the cavity radius or decreasing the polymer length. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions from the free energy analysis and a simple kinetic model.     

Electron doping induced stable ferromagnetism in two-dimensional GdI3 monolayer

As a two-dimensional material with a hollow hexatomic ring structure, Néel-type anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) GdI₃ can be used as a theoretical model to study the effect of electron doping. Based on first-principles calculations, we find that the Fermi surface nesting occurs when more than 1/3 electron per Gd is doped, resulting in the failure to obtain a stable ferromagnetic (FM) state. More interestingly, GdI₃ with appropriate Mg/Ca doping (1/6 Mg/Ca per Gd) turns to be half-metallic FM state. This AFM−FM transition results from the transfer of doped electrons to the spatially expanded Gd-5d orbital, which leads to the FM coupling of local half-full Gd-4f electrons through 5d−4f hybridization. Moreover, the shortened Gd−Gd length is the key to the formation of the stable ferromagnetic coupling. Our method provides new insights into obtaining stable FM materials from AFM materials.     

Theoretical analysis of PPE measurements in liquids using a thermal-wave cavity

The photopyroelectric measurements in a thermal-wave cavity (PPE) were analyzed with a conventional one-dimensional approach and a three-dimensional approach. The calculations show that the dimensionality of the thermal-wave field in the cavity depends on the boundary conditions and the beam size of the applied laser. The study resulted in identifying ranges of heat transfer rates and cavity configurations for which accurate quantitative measurements of the thermal diffusivity of intracavity fluids can be made within the far simpler, but only approximate, one-dimensional approach conventionally adopted by users of thermal-wave cavities.     

Laser pulse heating: Cavity formation into steel, nickel and tantalum surfaces

The cavity formation during laser pulse heating of steel, nickel, and tantalum is examined and evaporation rate from the cavity surface is predicted. The mushy zones generated across the vapor–liquid and liquid–solid phases are modeled using the energy method. Temperature-dependent thermal properties are accommodated in the analysis and the laser pulse shape resembling the actual laser pulse is employed in the simulations. A numerical scheme using the control volume method is used to predict the cavity size, recession velocity of the vapor front, and temperature field in the laser irradiated region. It is found that cavity depth for steel is the largest, then follows nickel and tantalum. The recession velocity of the vapor front is high for steel due to the low evaporation temperature and latent heat of evaporation of steel.     

医用高功率CTH:YAG脉冲激光器的研究

为了提高Cr,Tm,Ho∶YAG激光器的输出功率对CTH∶YAG准三能级能量转移特性进行了分析,优化了谐振腔的腔长及腔镜的曲率半径,采用了高漫反射陶瓷聚光腔.结果表明,有效抽运光谱带的反射率高达95％,在冷却水温为19 ℃,抽运能量为159 J时,获得最大单脉冲输出能量5.11 J,斜率效率5.6%.     

The effect of external cavity reflectivity on the dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser

The effect of external reflectivity on the dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser coupled to external cavity is theoretically investigated. Our model is based on three-level rate equations including the dependence of the loss on external cavity parameters. We find in particular that the effective reflectivity, photon lifetime and threshold current are strongly influenced by the external cavity length and external reflectivity. The optimum external cavity length (L_ext) is about 4?cm. We also show that the external cavity reflectivity influences significantly the dynamics of the electron number in the upper and lower laser levels, population inversion, and photon numbers in the Fabry Perot and in the external cavities. In addition, the external cavity reflectivity dependences of turn-on delay time (t_th) is also studied and discussed.     

Reflectivity of a shocked solid surface

Using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code and a post-processor which treats the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in an inhomogeneous plasma, we have studied the reflectivity of a shocked solid surface. The simulations were used to assess the diagnostic value of such measurements in determining the electrical conductivity of a dense plasma. Results of the calculations were also compared with recent measurements on the rear surface reflectivity of a laser-irradiated foil. This suggested that the conductivity used in the present simulations was overestimated.     

The tensor force in nuclear saturation

One-term separable potentials in the ³S-³D channel are constructed which fit the following low-energy nucleon-nucleon data: the triplet effective range and scattering length, deuteron binding energy and quadrupole moment. They also yield ³D₁ phase shifts which have the correct sign. These potentials differ, however, in the amount of deuteron D-state probability, P_D, which they predict, where P_D ranges from 1 % to 9 %. Binding energy calculations of infinite nuclear matter and ⁴He are performed in order to test the effect of the tensor force on nuclear saturation properties. It is found that the larger the D-state probability, the smaller the energy per particle and saturation density. Detailed comparisons with local potentials in nuclear matter are also presented.

In nuclear matter no single-particle potential in intermediate states is used; in ⁴He, , where f is varied such that the absolute value of the diagram with a single potential insertion in a particle line is minimized. It is found in ⁴He that f= 0.75 and that this result is almost independent of both the potential employed and of ω. Furthermore, for 0 f 1.5, the total energy is independent of f.     

Protection of entanglement between two V-atoms in a multi-cavity coupling system

The protection of the entanglement between two V-atoms(EBTVA)in a multi-cavity coupling system is studied.The whole system consists of two V-atoms.The two V-atoms are initially in the maximum entangled state and interacts locally with its own dissipative cavity which is coupled to the external cavities with high quality factor(ECWHQF).The results show that,when there is no ECWHQF,the EBTVA can be protected effectively in the case where the V-atom and the dissipative cavity are weak coupled in large detuning,while when there are different numbers n of ECWHQF coupled to two dissipative cavities,by adjusting the parameters of the number n of ECWHQF and the coupling strength k between cavities,the EBTVA can be protected perfectly and continuously.Our result provides an effective method for protecting entanglement resources of three-level system.     

Critical coupling in plasmonic resonator arrays

We report critical coupling of electromagnetic waves to plasmonic cavity arrays fabricated on Moiré surfaces. Dark field plasmon microscopy imaging and polarization dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements reveal the critical coupling conditions of the cavities. The critical coupling conditions depend on the superperiod of the Moiré surface, which also defines the coupling between the cavities. Complete transfer of the incident power can be achieved for traveling wave plasmonic resonators, which have a relatively short superperiod. When the superperiod of the resonators increases, the coupled resonators become isolated standing wave resonators in which complete transfer of the incident power is not possible. Analytical and finite difference time domain calculations support the experimental observations.     

Effect of melting on the excitation of surface acoustic wave pulses by UV nanosecond laser pulses in silicon

The influence of melting on the excitation of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) pulses in silicon is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The developed theory of Rayleigh-type SAW laser-induced thermoelastic excitation in a structure composed of a liquid layer on a solid substrate predicts that the SAW is predominantly generated in the solid phase due to the absence of shear rigidity in a liquid. The characteristic changes in the SAW pulse shape as well as the saturation and even the decrease of the SAW pulse amplitude observed above the melting threshold are explained theoretically to be a result of the decrease of the heat flux into the solid phase as well as due to the decrease of the volume of the solid phase caused by melting. Although the heat flux into the solid phase is decreased both as a consequence of the reflectivity increase and the additional energy losses (latent heat of melting) at the phase transition, it is demonstrated that the influence of reflectivity changes on the SAW pulse is negligible in comparison with the effect of melt-front motion. For laser pulses of 7 ns duration at 355 nm, the threshold value of laser fluence for meltingF _m=0.23±0.04 J/cm² and for the ablationF _a=1.3±0.2 J/cm² were determined experimentally as the points of characteristic changes in the observed SAW pulses.     

两种纤维增强复合材料与连续激光耦合规律

 利用双积分球-光电管系统,开展了不同厚度的芳纶纤维/环氧、碳纤维/环氧复合材料在不同强度（低于烧蚀阈值）的1.319 mm连续激光辐照下的能量耦合规律研究。结果表明：芳纶纤维/环氧复合材料的反射率、能量耦合率随材料厚度增加而增大,透射率随材料厚度增加而减小;在材料厚度一定时,反射率、透射率随激光强度增加而增大,能量耦合率随激光强度增加而减小;体吸收系数随材料厚度的增加而减小,激光强度的变化对其没有影响。碳纤维/环氧复合材料的反射率随激光强度增加而增大,能量耦合率随激光强度的增加而减小,材料厚度对反射率和能量耦合率的影响不大。     

Laser heating of biological tissue with blood vessels: Modeling and clinical trials

The spatial distribution of the energy absorbed by a unit volume of a laser-irradiated biological tissue is calculated by the Monte Carlo method. Based on these calculations, the temperature fields in biological tissues subjected to laser radiation at 810 nm are modeled. The temperature fields in subcutaneous blood vessels are modeled separately taking into account the inhomogeneous volumetric distribution of heat sources inside the vessels. The results of the modeling showed that laser heating can be efficiently used both for small-diameter and large vessels. Experimental clinical trials of therapy of vascular skin changes by pulsed diode laser radiation (at 810 nm) confirmed these results.     

淡水湖泊水下未知物体形状的反演

将逆散射问题转化为由远场算子F、测试远场数据f和未知物体边界Γ构成的算子方程F(Γ)=f.利用Levenberg Marquardt方法和A.Kirsh引入的F在Γ上导数,求解该方程,从而确定未知物体边界Γ.     

Self-mixing interference in distributed feedback laser diode with multiple external cavities

The self-mixing interference in distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) with multiple external cavities is analyzed. Each external cavity is considered to be an optical thin film, and the equivalent reflectivity can be got from the theory of the thin film optics, the general expressions of gain and frequency in compound laser cavity are theoretically deduced. This principle is helpful to build the fiber-coupled self-mixing interference system. Considering that different parameters have influence on self-mixing interference, we make some simulation analysis at different conditions. The output of self-mixing interference is analyzed in numerical analysis, and the amplitude variations of the output gain is discussed along with different parameters, e.g., the coupling coefficient, the linewidth enhancement factor, and the reflection coefficient of external reflector.     

Theoretical analysis of widely tunable external cavity semiconductor laser with sampled fiber grating

Combination of equivalent reflection cavity model and transmission line theory is applied in theoretical analysis of external cavity semiconductor lasers with sampled fiber Bragg grating. The effects of device parameters on the resonant cavity mode and the side mode suppression ratio have been discussed. For a perfect anti-coated facet and the high coupling efficiency, it is found that the Vernier effect between combed reflectivity peaks and F-P cavity modes can be destroyed and the laser will work on multi-wavelength. The high coupling efficiency plays the same role as the lower anti-reflection coating reflectivity in the side mode suppression ratio and the mode resonance. Finally, the side mode suppression ratio is investigated in detail depending on the anti-coating reflectivity, the coupling efficiency and the high-reflection coating reflectivity.     

Numerical Simulation of a Diode-Laser-Pumped Self-Q-Switched Cr,Yb:YAG Microchip Laser

The dynamic and laser characteristics of the self-Q-switched Cr,Yb:YAG laser were studied by solving the coupled rate equations; the effects of the pump rate, reflectivity of the output couplers and the concentrations of the saturable absorbers on the laser performance were investigated in detail and the numerical simulation of the Cr,Yb:YAG lasers was in good agreement with the experimental data. Better laser performance of the Cr,Yb:YAG self-Q-switched laser can be obtained by using high pump rate, higher concentration of the saturable absorber and suitable reflectivity of the output coupler according to our numerical calculations. A typical self-Q-switched laser pulse of 269.5 J pulse energy with 319 ps pulse width (FWHM) at a repetition rate of 3.1 kHz can be obtained with a monolithic laser cavity, which results in 843.5 kW peak power.