Correlation widths in quantum-chaotic scattering

An important parameter to characterize the scattering matrix S   for quantum-chaotic scattering is the width Γcorr${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{corr}}$ of the S  -matrix autocorrelation function. We show that the “Weisskopf estimate” d/(2π)c_∑Tc$d/(2\pi ){\sum }_c{T}_c$ (where d   is the mean resonance spacing, Tc$T_c$ with 0?Tc?1$0?T_c?1$ the “transmission coefficient” in channel c   and where the sum runs over all channels) provides a good approximation to Γcorr${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{corr}}$ even when the number of channels is small. That same conclusion applies also to the cross-section correlation function.     

Envelope excitations in nonextensive plasmas with warm-ions

In this work we study the modulational instability of plasmas with q-entropy electrons and warm ions, using the hydrodynamic approach. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), governing the dynamics of envelope excitations in the plasma, is obtained by using the conventional multiscales method. Investigation of the modulational instability of the nonextensive plasmas reveals that the criteria for propagation of bright/dark envelope excitations in such plasmas are significantly affected by value of the nonextensivity parameter, q, and the fractional ion-temperature, σ  . In particular, by setting σ≠0$\sigma \ne 0$, a new region of modulational instability appears, indicating that the study of modulation instability in the cold-ion limit (σ=0$\sigma =0$) is completely different from that of warm ions. The study of the growth-rate and rogue-wave amplitudes in terms of different plasma parameters, reveals that their magnitude is of different scales for two ranges of the nonextensivity parameters, q>1$q>1$ and q<1$q<1$.     

Flame wrinkles from the Zhdanov–Trubnikov equation

The Zhdanov–Trubnikov equation describing wrinkled premixed flames is studied, using pole decompositions as starting points. Its one-parameter (−1?c?+1$-1?c?+1$) nonlinearity generalises the Michelson–Sivashinsky equation (c=0$c=0$) to a stronger Darrieus–Landau instability. The shapes of steady flame crests (or periodic cells) are deduced from Laguerre (or Jacobi) polynomials when c≈−1$c\approx -1$, which numerical resolutions confirm. Large wrinkles are analysed via   a pole density: adapting results of Dunkl relates their shapes to the generating function of Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials, which numerical results confirm for −1<c?0$-1<c?0$ (reduced stabilisation). Although locally ill-behaved if c>0$c>0$ (over-stabilisation) such analytical solutions can yield accurate flame shapes for 0?c?0.6$0?c?0.6$. Open problems are invoked.     

Dynamical SUSY breaking in heterotic M-theory

It is shown that four-dimensional N=1$N=1$ supersymmetric QCD with massive flavors in the fundamental representation of the gauge group can be realized in the hidden sector of E₈×E₈$E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string vacua. The number of flavors can be chosen to lie in the range of validity of the free-magnetic dual, using which one can demonstrate the existence of long-lived meta-stable non-supersymmetric vacua. This is shown explicitly for the gauge group Spin(10)$\mathit{Spin}(10)$, but the methods are applicable to Spin(Nc)$\mathit{Spin}(N_c)$, SU(Nc)$\mathit{SU}(N_c)$ and Sp(Nc)$\mathit{Sp}(N_c)$ for a wide range of color index Nc$N_c$. Hidden sectors of this type can potentially be used as a mechanism to break supersymmetry within the context of heterotic M-theory.     

Possible theoretical limits on holographic quintessence from weak gravity conjecture

The holographic dark energy model is one of the important ways for dealing with the dark energy problems in the quantum gravity framework. In this model, the dimensionless parameter c   plays an essential role in determining the evolution of the holographic dark energy. In particular, the holographic dark energy with c?1$c?1$ can be effectively described by a quintessence scalar-field. However, according to the requirement of the weak gravity conjecture the variation of the quintessence scalar-field should be less than the Planck mass, which would give theoretic constraints on the parameters c   and Ω_m0${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}0}$. Therefore, we get the possible theoretical limits on the parameter c for the holographic quintessence model.     

Pseudo-topological transitions in 2D gravity models coupled to massless scalar fields

We study the geometries generated by two-dimensional causal dynamical triangulations (CDT) coupled to d   massless scalar fields. Using methods similar to those used to study four-dimensional CDT we show that there exists a c=1$c=1$ “barrier”, analogous to the c=1$c=1$ barrier encountered in non-critical string theory, only the CDT transition is easier to be detected numerically. For d?1$d?1$ we observe time-translation invariance and geometries entirely governed by quantum fluctuations around the uniform toroidal topology put in by hand. For d>1$d>1$ the effective average geometry is no longer toroidal but “semiclassical” and spherical with Hausdorff dimension _dH=3$d_H=3$. In the d>1$d>1$ sector we study the time dependence of the semiclassical spatial volume distribution and show that the observed behavior is described by an effective mini-superspace action analogous to the actions found in the de Sitter phase of three- and four-dimensional pure CDT simulations and in the three-dimensional CDT-like Ho?ava–Lifshitz models.     

Holographic cosmological models on the braneworld

In this Letter we have studied a closed universe which a holographic energy on the brane whose energy density is described by ρ(H)=3c²H²$\rho (H)=3c^2{H}^2$ and we obtain an equation for the Hubble parameter. This equation gave us different physical behavior depending if c²>1$c^2>1$ or c²<1$c^2<1$ against of the sign of the brane tension.     

A light scalar from walking solutions in gauge-string duality

We consider the type-IIB background generated by the strong-coupling limit of Nc$N_c$ D5 branes wrapped on S²$S^2$, and focus our attention on a special class of solutions that exhibit walking behavior. We compute numerically the spectrum of scalar fluctuations around vacua of this class. Besides two cuts, and sequences of single poles converging on one of the branch points, the spectrum contains one isolated scalar, the mass of which is suppressed by the length of the walking region. Approximate scale-invariance symmetry in the walking region suggests that this might be interpreted as a light dilaton, the pseudo-Goldstone boson of dilatations.     

Electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum induced by strong magnetic field: Numerical evidence in lattice gauge theory

Using numerical simulations of quenched SU(2)$\mathit{SU}(2)$ gauge theory we demonstrate that an external magnetic field leads to spontaneous generation of quark condensates with quantum numbers of electrically charged ρ   mesons if the strength of the magnetic field exceeds the critical value e_Bc=0.927(77) GeV²$e{B}_c=0.927(77){\text{GeV}}^2$ or _Bc=(1.56±0.13)⋅10¹⁶ Tesla$B_c=(1.56\pm 0.13)\cdot {10}^{16}\text{Tesla}$. The condensation of the charged ρ mesons in strong magnetic field is a key feature of the magnetic-field-induced electromagnetic superconductivity of the vacuum.     

A study on the relations between the topological parameter and entanglement

In this Letter, some relations between the topological parameter d   and concurrences of the projective entangled states have been presented. It is shown that for the case with d=n$d=n$, all the projective entangled states of two n  -dimensional quantum systems are the maximally entangled states (i.e. C=1$C=1$). And for another case with d≠n$d\ne n$, C   both approach 0 when d→+∞$d\to +\infty$ for n=2$n=2$ and 3. Then we study the thermal entanglement and the entanglement sudden death (ESD) for a kind of Yang–Baxter Hamiltonian. It is found that the parameter d   influences not only the critical temperature _Tc$T_c$ but also the maximum entanglement value that the system can arrive at. And we also find that the parameter d has a great influence on the ESD.     

Critical behavior of the absorbing state transition in the contact process with relaxing immunization

We introduce a model for the Contact Process with relaxing immunization CPRI  . In this model, local memory is introduced by a time and space dependence of the contamination probability. The model has two parameters: a typical immunization time τ$\tau$ and a maximum contamination probability a$a$. The system presents an absorbing state phase transition whenever the contamination probability a$a$ is above a minimum threshold. For short immunization times, the system evolves to a statistically stationary active state. Above _τc(a)${\tau }_c\left(a\right)$, immunization predominates and the system evolves to the absorbing vacuum state. We employ a finite-size scaling analysis to show that the transition belongs to the standard directed percolation universality class. The critical immunization time diverges in the limit of a→1$a\to 1$. In this regime, the density of active sites decays exponentially as τ$\tau$ increases, but never reaches the vacuum state in the thermodynamic limit.