Sterilization of E. coli bacterium with an atmospheric pressure surface barrier discharge

The atmospheric pressure surface barrier discharge (APSBD) in air has been used in killing Escherichia coli (E.coli), There is almost no bacterial colony in the sample after treatment by discharge plasma for 2rain, A diagnostic technique based on mass spectrum has been applied to the discharge gas and the mechanism of killing is discussed. Ozone and monatomic oxide are considered to be the major antimicrobial active species. There is almost no harmful by-product. The experiment proves that APSBD plasma is a very simple, effective and innocuous tool for sterilization.     

Modelling of a Spherical Electric Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure Under Higher Modes of Incident Microwaves

We present a spherical microwave discharge model, which takes into account the higher modes of the incident electromagnetic waves. The discharge model is constructed on the basis of the channel approximation of the LTE plasma. Numerical experiments are carried out for the discharge in an argon at atmospheric pressure. Results are presented for the characteristics of the discharge plasma against the external parameters (the size of the discharge chamber and the applied electromagnetic field mode, power and frequency). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Characteristics of an atmospheric‐pressure radio frequency‐driven Ar/H2 plasma discharge with copper wire in tube

This paper investigates a plasma discharge driven by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) power supply at atmospheric pressure, in which a copper wire is inserted in the discharge tube for the deposition of Cu films. The results show that the jet plasma formation originates from the discharge between the copper wire and induction coil because of its electrostatic field. The axial distribution of the plasma parameters in the RF plasma jet, namely the gas temperature, excitation temperature, and electron number density, is determined by diatomic molecule OH fitting, Boltzmann slope, and H_β Stark broadening, respectively. The discharge current significantly declines when a small amount of hydrogen is added to the argon as the plasma‐forming gas, and the gas temperature of discharge plasma increases considerably.     

Surface cleaning of metal wire by atmospheric pressure plasma

In this study, the possible application of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma for the annealing of metallic wire is examined and presented. The main purpose of the current study is to examine the surface cleaning effect for a cylindrical object by atmospheric pressure plasma. The experimental setup consists of a gas tank, plasma reactor, and power supply with control panel. The gas assists in the generation of plasma. Copper wire was used as an experimental cylindrical object. This copper wire was irradiated with the plasma, and the cleaning effect was confirmed. The result showed that it is possible to remove the tarnish which exists on the copper wire surface. The experiment reveals that atmospheric pressure plasma is usable for the surface cleaning of metal wire. However, it is necessary to examine the method for preventing oxidization of the copper wire.     

常压介质阻挡放电等离子体发射光谱的检测分析

以常压介质阻挡放电等离子体作为研究对象,在常温常压条件下使用介质阻挡放电光谱诊断装置,得到N2第二正系跃迁和Ar原子发射谱线。通过对放电光谱的检测分析,可以察知常压介质阻挡放电等离子体的特性,并可运用同一元素谱线的相对强度来诊断电子激发温度等物理参量,以达到对材料表面改性过程的实时监控,工作的结果对常压介质阻挡放电及其在材料改性的应用中具有重要的意义。     

常压介质阻挡放电间隙的选择及其在材料表面改性中的应用

使用自制介质阻挡放电装置，分析了常压等离子体放电电流和放电功率与放电间隙的变化关系，提出了“放电临界间隙”的概念，并应用该装置对PBT熔喷非织造布进行表面改性，讨论了放电间隙和放电气体等因素对改性效果的影响．     

大气压氩气射流等离子体的光谱特性研究

等离子体喷枪是一种重要的等离子体源,已成为近几年低温等离子体研究的一个重要课题。本文利用钨针-钨丝网电极制作了直流喷枪装置,在大气压空气中产生了稳定的等离子体羽,并采用发射光谱的方法,对等离子体羽的等离子体参数进行了研究。在钨针电极与钨丝网电极之间放出耀眼的白光,钨丝网电极出口的气流下游有火苗形状的等离子体羽喷出。在电压保持不变的条件下(13.5 kV),等离子体羽长度随气体流量增加而增大;在气体流量保持不变的条件下(10 L·min-1),羽长度随外加电压的增大而增大。在气体流量一定的条件下,放电电压和放电电流呈反比例关系,即电压随着电流的增大而减小,说明放电属于辉光放电。采集了该喷枪在300～800 nm范围内的放电发射光谱,通过玻尔兹曼方法对放电等离子体电子激发温度进行了测量。结果表明,电子的激发温度随外加电压的增大而降低,随着工作气体流量的减小而升高。利用放电的基本理论对上述现象做了解释。这些研究结果对大气压均匀放电等离子体源的研制和工业应用具有重要意义。     

Nanoparticle production using atmospheric pressure cold plasma

A new technique is proposed for the production and coating of nanoparticles, based on the dissociation of a volatile precursor in an atmospheric pressure, non-equilibrium (cold) plasma. The plasma is produced by a dielectric barrier discharge. Using this technique, nanoparticles were successfully produced from acetylene, ferrocene and hexamethyldisiloxane, using argon and helium as carrier gasses. Carbon nanoparticles were formed from acetylene when argon was used as a carrier gas, while in helium no particles were observed. The difference between the gasses is most likely due to the plasma structure. The argon plasma is filamentary, whereas in helium a homogeneous glow is observed. Using ferrocene, iron particles were produced, which rapidly oxidized to form iron oxide when exposed to ambient air. Preliminary experiments on particle coating suggest that coating by a silicon-based compound is possible.     

大气压等离子体针产生空气均匀放电特性研究

大气压空气放电由于脱离了真空装置,易于实现流水线生产,因而在工业上具有广泛的应用. 采用等离子体针装置在空气中产生了稳定的大气压均匀放电. 利用光谱法对等离子体的相关参数进行了空间分辨率测量,并通过光学方法对放电机理进行了研究. 结果表明,等离子体针产生的放电存在电晕放电和等离子体羽放电两种模式. 在稳定的等离子体羽放电模式中,发光分为强光区和弱光区. 弱光区放电的发展速度远大于强光区的发展速度,电子能量和电子密度均是弱光区比强光区大. 对均匀放电的气体温度和振动温度的研究表明,强光区放电遵循汤生击穿机理而弱光区为流光放电. 这些结果对大气压空气放电的工业应用具有重要意义. 关键词： 大气压均匀放电 等离子体针 发射光谱 放电机理     

On the Modelling of a Nonequilibrium Spherical Microwave Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

The work presents results of calculation of a spherical microwave discharge characteristics in an argon at atmospheric pressure against the external parameters (the mode, frequency and power of the applied electromagnetic field and the size of the discharge chamber). Model assumes a thermal and ionization non‐equilibrium of discharge plasma and takes into account first three modes of incident electromagnetic waves. Calculation results are compared with the results for the ionization equilibrium model. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

大气压下石英毛细管内氩等离子体放电的发射光谱诊断

在长度为20 cm的石英毛细管内利用两个边缘锋利的中空的针型电极之间的氩气放电产生了高电子密度的大气压等离子体。利用发射光谱对所获得的等离子体的几个重要参数进行了诊断。利用计算机谱线拟合法合成了300 nm附近OH(A-X)的(0-0)转动谱带并通过与测量谱线的比较确定了等离子体的气体温度,根据H_β谱线Stark展宽法计算了等离子体的电子密度,采用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法依据测得的有关氩的发射光谱估算了等离子体的电子温度。研究结果表明,这种石英毛细管内弧光放电等离子体的气体温度约为(1 100±50)K;电子密度数量级在1014 cm-3;电子温度约为(14 515±500)K。     

Areal homogeneity verification of plasma generated by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge in ambient air at atmospheric pressure

This paper deals with an optical emission spectroscopy study of a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD ) in air at atmospheric pressure. The main aim of this study was to verify the areal homogeneity of the generated plasma, which is important for many applications like treatment of nonwoven fabrics, glass, metals, polymers, foils, and so on. Optical emission spectra of DCSBD plasma in air were measured for three different frequencies (15, 30, and 50 kHz ) of the applied voltage. Comparison of the calculated rotational and vibrational temperatures was carried out, and areal homogeneity of plasma was proved. Electrical parameters of discharge such as the plasma power using the area of the Lissajous figures and energy transfer efficiency to the discharge were also investigated. The effective thickness of plasma layer as a function of the input power was measured.     

射流等离子发生器实验与模拟

针对自主设计的等离子体发生器,通过实验分析了常压下等离子热射流形态的发展状况,并对常压下的空气放电特性进行了数值模拟,以等离子发生器为原型,将等离子电弧的电场、磁场、温度场以及速度场进行了直接耦合计算,得到了等离子体电弧的速度场和温度场的分布情况. 针对不同间隙对放电结果的影响进行了分析,结果表明,放电间隙由1.5 mm增大到3.5 mm时,热射流速度由41.5 m/s增大到62.4 m/s,温度由3 650 K降低到1 960 K. 当间隙过窄时,温度过高将会烧蚀电极,影响电极使用寿命.      

大气压介质阻挡放电的光谱研究

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,分别在大气压空气和氦气中实现了稳定的高气压放电。通过水电极观察两种气体的放电,发现大气压空气中放电为空间随机分布的微放电丝,等离子体是不均匀的,而在氦气中放电没有微放电丝,空间分布比较均匀。比较而言,这种均匀放电产生的等离子体具有更广泛的工业应用前景。对两种气体中放电的电流波形进行了比较,发现空气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上是随机出现的而氦气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上具有周期性,并且空气中放电脉冲宽度约为几十ns而氦气中放电的电流持续时间较长,脉冲宽度大约为1μs。文章还对两种气体中介质阻挡放电发射光谱进行了研究,结果表明大气压氦气中均匀放电的N+₂(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g)谱线391.4nm很强而在大气压空气放电中此光谱线很弱。这些研究结果对高气压条件下均匀放电的实现和大气压辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

Basic characteristics of an atmospheric pressure rf generated plasma jet

A plasma jet has been developed which operates using radio frequency (rf) power and produces a stable homogeneous discharge at atmospheric pressure. Its discharge characteristics, especially the dependence of stable discharge operating range on the feed gas, were studied, and the electric parameters such as RMS current, RMS voltage and reflected power were obtained with different gas flows. These studies indicate that there is an optimum range of operation of the plasma jet for a filling with a gas mixture of He and O_2. Two "failure" modes of the discharge are identified. One is a filamentary arc when the input power is raised above a critical level, another is that the discharge disappears gradually as the addition of O_2 approaches 3.2%. Possible explanations for the two failure modes have been given. The current and voltage waveform measurements show that there is a clear phase shift between normal and failure modes. In addition, I－V curves as a function of pure helium and for 1% addition of oxygen have been studied.     

大气压介质阻挡放电超四边形斑图的等离子体参量

本工作利用双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,采用发射光谱方法,在大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中研究了由不同空间尺度 微放电通道构成的超四边形斑图的等离子体参量.实验发现直径较大的微放电通道(大点)和直径较小的微放电通道(小点)亮度不同.采用氮分子第二正带系谱线计算了分子振动温度,利用谱线强度比方法得到了电子激发温度,用氩原子696.54 nm谱线的Stark展宽估算了电子密度.结果显示小点的电子密度和分子振动温度均高于大点,而电子激发温度低于大点.这说明稳定超四边形斑图中不同尺度微放电的等离子体状态不同.     

A Spectroscopic Investigation of Spatial Symmetry of Radiation in the U-shaped DC Argon Plasma with Aerosol Supply

Radial distributions of plasma parameters, temperature, and electron number density, together with radial distribution of analyte absorption and emission, were investigated in order to obtain insight into the radial symmetry of low-current (≤ 10 A), atmospheric pressure, argon stabilized arc with tangential introduction of the aerosol. For plasma diagnostics, several methods were used: measurements of H_β line profile, absolute intensity measurements of the argon 430.01-nm line, and of the spectrally adjacent continuum and power interruption technique. It was found that the inevitable asymmetry in aerosol introduction has negligible influence on basic plasma parameters but influences considerably the spatial distribution of the analyte particle spectral absorption and emission.     

Synthesis of nanoparticles in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge

Nanopowders are produced in a low temperature, non-equilibrium plasma jet (APPJ), which produces a glow discharge at atmospheric pressure, for the first time. Amorphous carbon and iron nanoparticles have been synthesized from Acetylene and Ferrocene/H₂, respectively. High generation rates are achieved from the glow discharge at near-ambient temperature (40–80°C), and rise with increasing plasma power and precursor concentration. Fairly narrow particle size distributions are measured with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an aerosol electrometer (AEM), and are centered around 30–35 nm for carbon and 20–25 nm for iron. Particle characteristics analyzed by TEM and EDX reveal amorphous carbon and iron nanoparticles. The Fe particles are highly oxidized on exposure to air. Comparison of the mobility and micrograph diameters reveal that the particles are hardly agglomerated or unagglomerated. This is ascribed to the unipolar charge on particles in the plasma. The generated particle distributions are examined as a function of process parameters.     

超长射流等离子体在介质管内的传播机制

利用交流驱动的单针射流等离子体装置,在介质管内产生了可以沿着介质管任意弯曲的超长射流等离子体,且可以喷射到介质管外的空气当中。利用高速相机对介质管内等离子体的传播过程进行拍照,研究了这种超长等离子体在介质管内的传播机制。研究发现,该装置在大气压下产生的等离子体长度可以达到约85 cm。在外加电压的正、负半周期,介质管内的等离子体具有不同的形貌和传播机制。正半周等离子体是以"等离子子弹"的方式向前传播,而负半周是以连续模式向前传播。分析发现,放电形成的空间电荷与介质管壁上的壁电荷之间形成的电场,是影响介质管内等离子体传播的主要因素。     

米量级常压等离子体改性装置及其在纺织材料改性中的应用

介绍了自制的1m尺度介质阻挡电连续表面改性处理装置。论述了米量级常压介质阻挡放电的物理特性,探讨了介质阻挡放电的电压、功率、频率等电学参量之间的关系。给出了使用此装置连续对涤纶(PET)织物、熔喷PBT非织造布和羊毛织物三种纺织材料进行改性实验结果,得到了相应的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片,分析了材料表面改性的原因。