Relativistic bounds states for a neutral particle confined to a parabolic potential induced by noninertial effects

We obtain the solutions of the Dirac equation when the noninertial effects of the Fermi-Walker reference frame break the relativistic Landau-Aharonov-Casher quantization, but they provide bound states in an analogous way to a Dirac neutral particle subject to Tan-Inkson quantum dot potential [W.-C. Tan, J.C. Inkson, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11 (1996) 1635].     

Rashba coupling induced by Lorentz symmetry breaking effects

The arising of a Rashba‐like coupling, a Zeeman‐like term and a Darwin‐like term induced by Lorentz symmetry breaking effects in the non‐relativistic quantum dynamics of a spin‐1/2 neutral particle interacting with external fields is studied. Moreover, the influence of a Rashba‐like coupling induced by a Lorentz symmetry violation background on the Tan–Inkson potential [W.‐C. Tan and J. C. Inkson, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11 , 1635 (1996)] is discussed.     

Two-dimensional quantum ring in a graphene layer in the presence of a Aharonov–Bohm flux

In this paper we study the relativistic quantum dynamics of a massless fermion confined in a quantum ring. We use a model of confining potential and introduce the interaction via Dirac oscillator coupling, which provides ring confinement for massless Dirac fermions. The energy levels and corresponding eigenfunctions for this model in graphene layer in the presence of Aharonov–Bohm flux in the centre of the ring and the expression for persistent current in this model are derived. We also investigate the model for quantum ring in graphene layer in the presence of a disclination and a magnetic flux. The energy spectrum and wave function are obtained exactly for this case. We see that the persistent current depends on parameters characterizing the topological defect.     

On the influence of a Rashba-type coupling induced by Lorentz-violating effects on a Landau system for a neutral particle

We study a possible scenario of the Lorentz symmetry violation background that allows us to build an analogue of the Landau system for a nonrelativistic Dirac neutral particle interacting with a field configuration of crossed electric and magnetic fields. We also discuss the arising of analogues of the Rashba coupling, the Zeeman term and the Darwin term from the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects, and the influence of these terms on the analogue of the Landau system confined to a two-dimensional quantum ring. Finally, we show that this analogy with the Landau system confined to a two-dimensional quantum ring allows us to establish an upper bound for the Lorentz symmetry breaking parameters.     

A comment on the analogous confinement of a neutral particle to a quantum dot via noninertial effects

In this contribution, we discuss the nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation for a neutral particle with a permanent electric dipole moment interacting with external fields in a noninertial frame. We show a case where the geometry of the manifold can play the role of a hard-wall confining potential due to noninertial effects, and can yield bound states analogous to a confinement of the spin-half neutral particle interacting with external fields to a quantum dot described by a hard-wall confining potential [33].     

Quantum field as a quantum cellular automaton: The Dirac free evolution in one dimension

We present a quantum cellular automaton model in one space-dimension which has the Dirac equation as emergent. This model, a discrete-time and causal unitary evolution of a lattice of quantum systems, is derived from the assumptions of homogeneity, parity and time-reversal invariance.     

On the effect of fractional statistics on quantum ion acoustic waves

In this paper, I study the effect of a small deviation from the Fermi–Dirac statistics on the quantum ion acoustic waves. For this purpose, a quantum hydrodynamic model is developed based on the Polychronakos statistics, which allows for a smooth interpolation between the Fermi and Bose limits, passing through the case of classical particles. The model includes the effect of pressure as well as quantum diffraction effects through the Bohm potential. The equation of state for electrons obeying fractional statistics is obtained and the effect of fractional statistics on the kinetic energy and the coupling parameter is analyzed. Through the model, the effect of fractional statistics on the quantum ion acoustic waves is highlighted, exploring both linear and weakly nonlinear regimes. It is found that fractional statistics enhance the amplitude and diminish the width of the quantum ion acoustic waves. Furthermore, it is shown that a small deviation from the Fermi–Dirac statistics can modify the type structures, from bright to dark soliton. All known results of fully degenerate and non-degenerate cases are reproduced in the proper limits.     

On the Effects of Curvature on the Confinement of a Neutral Particle to a Quantum Dot Induced by Non-inertial Effects

We discuss the influence of a linear topological defect on the bound states of a non-relativistic neutral particle with permanent magnetic dipole moment in two distinct cases: In the first case, we consider a Fermi-Walker reference frame for the observers and show how non-inertial effects yield bound states analogous to having a neutral particle subject to the Tan-Inkson model for a quantum dot (W.-C. Tan, J.C. Inkson, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11:1635, 1996); in the second case, we consider the action of a constant force and obtain the energy levels of the bound states.     

Optical analogue of relativistic Dirac solitons in binary waveguide arrays

We study analytically and numerically an optical analogue of Dirac solitons in binary waveguide arrays in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity. Pseudo-relativistic soliton solutions of the coupled-mode equations describing dynamics in the array are analytically derived. We demonstrate that with the found soliton solutions, the coupled mode equations can be converted into the nonlinear relativistic 1D Dirac equation. This paves the way for using binary waveguide arrays as a classical simulator of quantum nonlinear effects arising from the Dirac equation, something that is thought to be impossible to achieve in conventional (i.e. linear) quantum field theory.     

Resonating valence bond wave functions for strongly frustrated spin systems

The resonating-valence-bond (RVB) theory for two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets is shown to be the correct paradigm for large enough "quantum frustration." This scenario, proposed a long time ago but never confirmed by microscopic calculations, is strongly supported by a new type of variational wave function, which is extremely close to the exact ground state of the J(1)-J(2) Heisenberg model for 0.4 less than approximately J(2)/J(1) less than approximately 0.5. This wave function is proposed to represent the generic spin-half RVB ground state in spin liquids.     

Approximately analytical solutions of the Manning-Rosen potential with the spin-orbit coupling term and spin symmetry

In this Letter the approximately analytical bound state solutions of the Dirac equation with the Manning-Rosen potential for arbitrary spin-orbit coupling quantum number k are carried out by taking a properly approximate expansion for the spin-orbit coupling term. In the case of exact spin symmetry, the associated two-component spinor wave functions of the Dirac equation for arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number k are presented and the corresponding bound state energy equation is derived. We study briefly two special cases; the general s-wave problem and the equal scalar and vector Manning-Rosen potential.     

Path-integral solution of the one-dimensional Dirac quantum cellular automaton

Quantum cellular automata, which describe the discrete and exactly causal unitary evolution of a lattice of quantum systems, have been recently considered as a fundamental approach to quantum field theory and a linear automaton for the Dirac equation in one dimension has been derived. In the linear case a quantum cellular automaton is isomorphic to a quantum walk and its evolution is conveniently formulated in terms of transition matrices. The semigroup structure of the matrices leads to a new kind of discrete path-integral, different from the well known Feynman checkerboard one, that is solved analytically in terms of Jacobi polynomials of the arbitrary mass parameter.     

Persistent currents in a graphene ring with armchair edges

A graphene nanoribbon with armchair edges is known to have no edge state. However, if the nanoribbon is in the quantum spin Hall state, then there must be helical edge states. By folding a graphene ribbon into a ring and threading it by a magnetic flux, we study the persistent charge and spin currents in the tight-binding limit. It is found that, for a broad ribbon, the edge spin current approaches a finite value independent of the radius of the ring. For a narrow ribbon, inter-edge coupling between the edge states could open the Dirac gap and reduce the overall persistent currents. Furthermore, by enhancing the Rashba coupling, we find that the persistent spin current gradually reduces to zero at a critical value beyond which the graphene is no longer a quantum spin Hall insulator.     

Level spacing statistics for two-dimensional massless Dirac billiards

Classical-quantum correspondence has been an intriguing issue ever since quantum theory was proposed. The searching for signatures of classically nonintegrable dynamics in quantum systems comprises the interesting field of quantum chaos. In this short review, we shall go over recent efforts of extending the understanding of quantum chaos to relativistic cases. We shall focus on the level spacing statistics for two-dimensional massless Dirac billiards, i.e., particles confined in a closed region. We shall discuss the works for both the particle described by the massless Dirac equation(or Weyl equation)and the quasiparticle from graphene. Although the equations are the same, the boundary conditions are typically different,rendering distinct level spacing statistics.     

From quantum cellular automata to quantum lattice gases

A natural architecture for nanoscale quantum computation is that of a quantum cellular automaton. Motivated by this observation, we begin an investigation of exactly unitary cellular automata. After proving that there can be no nontrivial, homogeneous, local, unitary, scalar cellular automaton in one dimension, we weaken the homogeneity condition and show that there are nontrivial, exactly unitary, partitioning cellular automata. We find a one-parameter family of evolution rules which are best interpreted as those for a one-particle quantum automaton. This model is naturally reformulated as a two component cellular automaton which we demonstrate to limit to the Dirac equation. We describe two generalizations of this automaton, the second, of which, to multiple interacting particles, is the correct definition of a quantum lattice gas.     

双波长飞秒激光器量子理论研究

本文建立了一个不涉及具体光腔结构的双波长固体飞秒激光器模型,分析了群达弥散(GVD)、自相位调制(SPM)、交叉耦合、损耗调制和增益放大的动态平衡过程.从场算符的定义出发,导出了双波长飞秒激光器的量子锁模方程组,并且将该量子销模方程组化为经典锁模方程组.结果表明,该方程组和非线性薛定谔方程有着类似的结构,方程组存在稳定的脉冲解,因而从理论上证明了双波长飞秒激光器可以实现双波长同时锁模.     

An exact energy conservation property of the quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm

The quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm offers a unitary and readily parallelisable discretisation of the Dirac equation that is free of the fermion-doubling problem. The expectation of the discrete time-advance operator is an exact invariant of the algorithm. Its imaginary part determines the expectation of the Hamiltonian operator, the energy of the solution, with an accuracy that is consistent with the overall accuracy of the algorithm. In the one-dimensional case, this accuracy may be increased from first to second order using a variable transformation. The three-dimensional quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm uses operator splitting to approximate evolution under the three-dimensional Dirac equation by a sequence of solutions of one-dimensional Dirac equations. The three-dimensional algorithm thus inherits the energy conservation property of the one-dimensional algorithm, although the implementation shown remains only first-order accurate due to the splitting error.     

Dynamic generation of spin-orbit coupling

Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in determining the properties of solids, and is crucial for spintronics device applications. Conventional spin-orbit coupling arises microscopically from relativistic effects described by the Dirac equation, and is described as a single particle band effect. In this work, we propose a new mechanism in which spin-orbit coupling can be generated dynamically in strongly correlated, nonrelativistic systems as the result of Fermi surface instabilities in higher angular momentum channels. Various spin-orbit couplings can emerge in these new phases, and their magnitudes can be continuously tuned by temperature or other quantum parameters.     

Universal quantum logic gates in a scalable Ising spin quantum computer

We consider the model of quantum computer, which is represented as a Ising spin lattice, where qubits (spin-half systems) are separated by the isolators (two spin-half systems). In the idle mode or at the single bit operations the total spin of isolators is 0. There are no need of complicated protocols for correcting the phase and probability errors due to permanent interaction between the qubits. We present protocols for implementation of universal quantum gates with the rectangular radio-frequency pulses.