掺杂对BaAl_(12)O_(19)∶Mn荧光粉晶体结构和发光性能的影响

研究了Mg ,Sr和La掺杂对BaAl1 2 O1 9∶Mn晶体结构和发光性能的影响。晶体结构的研究结果表明 ,Sr和La取代了部分Ba的晶格位置 ,Mg和Mn取代了部分Al的晶格位置。Sr和La对Ba的取代使得BaAl1 2 O1 9∶Mn的晶胞体积减小 ,而Mg的掺杂使得BaAl1 2 O1 9∶Mn的晶胞体积增大。发光性能的测量结果表明 ,在一定浓度范围内 ,Sr,La和Mg的掺杂能够有效地提高BaAl1 2 O1 9∶Mn在真空紫外激发下的发光强度 ,同时这些掺杂对BaAl1 2 O1 9∶Mn的色坐标也产生一定的影响。     

Sr,Ca掺杂对铝酸盐蓝色荧光粉性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备了掺杂Sr,Ca的碱土金属铝酸盐蓝色荧光粉。通过测试发现粉样的发光强度与热稳定性均有了较大提高。这与Sr,Ca取代BaMgAl10O17:Eu^2 中的部分Ba后晶体结构变化有关。掺杂少量的Sr,Ca后,所得荧光粉的晶格参数c变小,晶胞体积也随之变小。因此减小了对发光有害的缺陷浓度,并增加了粉样的热稳定性能。     

稀土钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂上CO低温氧化性能研究

研究了稀土钙钛矿型氧化物La1-xA′xCo1-yBiyO3-δ(A′z=Ba0.2,Sr0.4;y=0,0.2)催化剂上一氧化碳低温氧化反应.XRD结果表明这4个催化剂均为单相立方钙钛矿结构.18O2和CO脉冲实验结果表明Sr掺杂催化剂的晶格氧活动度和反应性比Ba掺杂的强.TPR结果表明Bi的掺杂降低了催化剂的还原温度,提高了催化活性,且Sr取代部分La比Ba取代部分La更有利于增加催化活性.我们认为,Sr.(或Ba)和Bi的掺杂引起的催化活性的提高与氧空位浓度的增加,Co和Bi离子氧化-还原循环的改善以及晶格氧活动度的增加密切相关.     

BaAl12O19:Tb荧光粉的制备及发光性能的研究

以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成BaAl12O19:Tb荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光分光光度计对荧光粉的晶体结构和荧光性能进行检测.XRD分析结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶制备工艺合成BaAl12O19:Tb),在1300℃可以得到BaAl12O19纯相,掺杂浓度在0.5%～5mol%Tb3 均可取代Ba2 得到纯相的Ba1-xAl12O19:Tbx.样品在240 nm波长激发下,有380,415,440,489,543,585和621nm的一系列窄带发射峰,属于Tb3 的5D3-7Fi(i=6,5,4)和5D4-7Fi(j=6,5,4,3)跃迁发射.其中以位于543 nm波长发射峰最强,489nm波长峰次之,其他均较弱.经1300℃晶化2 h,Tb3 的掺杂浓度为2mol%时,得到的荧光粉体发光强度最好.     

La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

助熔剂法制备的LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)∶Eu~(n+)(n=2,3)的发光特性

0引言在等离子体平板显示(PDP)材料中,常用红粉(Y,Gd)BO3∶Eu3 和蓝粉BaMgAl10O17∶Eu2 都存在各自的不足之处,如红粉的色纯度较差,蓝粉热稳定性不够等,使其应用受到很大限制[1]。为了寻找新的有效发光材料,故选择了畸变磁铅矿结构的LaMgAl11O19。LaMgAl11O19系六方晶系的畸变磁铅矿结构,由镜面层和尖晶石层两部分组成。LaMgAl11O19具有其独特的优点,(1)Eu3 、Tb3 和Eu2 均可取代镜面上La离子位置,分别形成红色、绿色和蓝色发光;(2)Mn将取代Al-O四面体中心位置的Mg,形成520nm左右的绿色发光;同时研究稀土掺杂的LaMgAl11O19的…     

微乳液法制备MAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋（M=Ca，Sr，Ba）发光材料及其发光性能

采用微乳液法合成了MAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋（M=Ca，Sr，Ba）长余辉发光材料，并对其晶体结构和发光性能进行了比较与讨论。XRD分析表明，所合成的Ca2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋，SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋粉体为单斜晶系结构，BaAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋粉体为六方晶体结构。MAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋（M=Ca，Sr，Ba）发光材料的激发光谱都为一宽带连续谱，表明从紫外至可见光均可有效的激发该材料。发射光谱的发射波长峰值分别为440nm（M=Ca），520nm（M=Sr）和496nm（M=Ba）。对应的发光颜色分别为蓝色、黄绿色和蓝紫色。余辉衰减曲线分为快衰减、中间过渡衰减和随后极长的慢衰减过程，符合双曲线方程I=At^-n，余辉亮度与时间顺序为Sr〉Ca〉Ba。     

(La,Mn)共掺BiFeO3材料的合成及性质研究

改善BiFeO3性能的有效途径,就是对其进行掺杂或与其他钙钛矿材料复合固熔。由于稀土元素与Bi的化合价相同,较容易取代Bi离子,而且Mn,Cr的掺杂又可提高BiFeO3的磁性。通过掺杂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Bi1-xLaxFe0.8Mn0.2O3材料(x=0.3,0.35,0.4),用XRD测试了其晶体结构,通过原子力显微镜测试其表面形貌。通过对复合陶瓷(Bi1-xLaxFe0.8Mn0.2O3)的磁性能、介电性能和磁电耦合性能的研究,作出复合陶瓷的M-H磁滞回线。结果显示:随着La掺杂量的增加,原胞体积变小,x=0.4时,颗粒进一步细化;磁滞回线显示,随着La掺杂量的增加,剩磁逐渐增大,磁性能得到一定的改善,磁电耦合性能进一步提高,但介电性能有所减弱。     

钙钛矿型(La_(0.8)M_(0.2))MnO_3和(La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2))(Mn_(1-x)Fe_x)O_3的XRD和IR光谱的研究

合成了（La0.8M0.2）MnO3（M=Ca2+，Sr2+，Ba2+）和（La0.8Sr0.2）（Mn1-xFex）O3（x=0．1、0．2、0．3、0．4、0．5）两类氧化物，经XRD确认为钙铁矿型氧化物，应用FT－IR对其进行研究，对主要的红外特征振动υ（Mn-O）和δ（O-Mn-O）进行分析表征。这类化合物的υ（Mn-O）和δ（O-Mn-O）的FT－IR特征吸收峰十分相似，但在～608cm－1处出现较大差别，以Sr2+、Ca2+和Ba2+部分A位取代La3+的钙铁矿型氧化物和B位Fe取代Mn时，由于离子的溶解能不同，对晶格的有序排列的影响程度不一，导致了Mn－O键的键力场不同，引起了吸收峰向低波数移动。这种结构上的差异，导致对汽车尾气中的有害成份碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的催化氧化能力降低。借此可以用于研究结构与催化性能的关系。     

Ca、Ba掺杂Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3作为中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极的结构与性能

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热重、热膨胀、电导率以及电化学交流阻抗等测试技术研究了SmSr1-xAexCo2O6(x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1; Ae=Ca, Ba)作为中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)阴极的结构与性能. 研究表明, 固相法合成的SmSr0.8Ae0.2Co2O6(Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba; 简写为SSAC)随着Ca、Ba掺杂量的增大晶体结构发生变化. 其中, 空间群为Pnma晶体结构的电极SSAC中, 晶胞参数随着Sr、Ca、Ba的顺序增大; SSAC晶体中的氧空位浓度随着Ca、Sr、Ba的顺序增大, SSAC热膨胀系数与Ae元素关系不大, 氧催化性能随着Ca、Sr、Ba的顺序降低. 由于载流子浓度降低, 使得Ba 掺杂Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC)后电极的电导率降低. 由于导电活化能增大, 使得Ca掺杂SSC后电极的电导率也降低.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。