快速溶剂萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-质谱法测定动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲

提出了动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲的液相色谱-质谱法分析方法。用快速溶剂萃取仪用乙腈将动物肝组织中雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲萃取到有机相,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱净化除去基质的干扰,所得洗脱液40℃氮吹挥干后用甲醇定容至0.5mL,用液相色谱-质谱法测定。雷公藤甲素与雷公藤酯甲的质量浓度均在5～1 000μg.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)均为1.0μg.L-1。在动物肝组织中用标准加入法做回收及精密度试验,结果为:雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲的回收率分别在69.3%～77.8%,73.1%～77.2%之间;雷公藤甲素和雷公藤酯甲测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别在3.2%～3.3%,2.3%～3.0%之间。     

气相色谱-电子捕获法测定血浆中的雷公藤甲素

 血浆样品经碱化后用乙醚 氯仿 (体积比为 3∶1)混合液提取 ,浓缩的提取物与三氟醋酐进行衍生化反应 ,用气相色谱法分离、63Ni电子捕获检测器测定雷公藤甲素的含量。色谱柱为SE 5 430m× 0 2 5mmi d 交联石英毛细管柱。雷公藤甲素的质量浓度在 1 0 μg/L～ 5 0 0 μg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好 (r =0 9990 ) ,在血浆中的平均回收率为 96 3% ,最小检测限为 0 5 μg/L。方法重现性好 ,准确、灵敏 ,无杂质干扰 ,数据准确可靠 ,可用于临床生物样品中雷公藤甲素含量的测定。     

RP-HPLC测定雷公藤甲素聚乳酸纳米粒的包封率及载药量

本文研究了反相高效液相色谱和超速冷冻离心测定雷公藤甲素聚乳酸纳米粒包封率和载药量的方法。实验结果表明,在优化色谱条件下雷公藤甲素与辅料及溶剂峰分离良好,雷公藤甲素在1.84～46μg·mL-1范围内本法有良好的线性关系(r=1.0,n=6),方法日内及日间精密度分别为0.09%～1.01%及0.5%～2.12%,在空白聚乳酸纳米粒中雷公藤甲素的加样回收率为98.85%～100.48%,聚乳酸包裹的雷公藤甲素纳米粒的包封率分别为74.27%、60.37%、46.6%,其相对应的载药量分别为1.36%、1.95%、2.57%。此方法准确可靠、简单、重现性好。     

反相高效液相色谱测定雷公藤浸膏中甲素的含量

报道了液固萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定雷公藤浸膏(乙酸乙酯提取物)中甲素含量的方法。用LichrospherC18色谱柱，以甲醇：水-60：40(V／V)溶液为流动相，检测波长218nm。方法回收率为99．4％，变异系数为0．53％，方法快速，重现性及准确度能满足雷公藤浸膏中甲素含量测定的要求。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定雷公藤提取物中雷公藤甲素含量

应用反相高效液相色谱法检测了雷公藤提取物中雷公藤甲素的含量。样品经洗脱提取后,以Ｃ１８化学键合硅胶为固定相,乙腈－水（４０∶６０,Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相,用２１０ｎｍ波长定量检测。测定结果表明,雷公藤甲素浓度在０．２５～４．００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内线性良好,最低进样检测浓度为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ。批内（ｎ＝５）及批间（ｎ＝５）测定相对标准偏差分别为１．９％～６．５％和２．７％～７．８％,回收率为８９．８％～９２．０％。     

HPLC法测定鸡精中谷氨酸钠的含量

以邻苯二甲醛与谷氨酸钠中的氨基进行柱前在线衍生化反应,采用C18色谱柱分离、荧光检测器（激发340nm,发射450nm）进行测定,建立了柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱测定鸡精中谷氨酸钠含量的方法。该方法相对标准偏差为0．69％,加标回收率为99．1％～101％,在0．10~50．0mg／L范围内,谷氨酸钠的峰面积和浓度之间的相关系数为0．9999,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为1．22％和0．71％,鸡精中谷氨酸钠定量下限为0．2μg／g。     

一测多评高效液相色谱法同时测定五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素

建立一测多评高效液相色谱法同时测定五味子中五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素含量的方法,并验证该法的可行性和准确度。通过Plackett-Burman设计考察流动相中甲醇比例、流动相流量、柱温、进样体积对五味子醇甲色谱峰分离度的影响,确定流动相中甲醇比例、柱温为关键分析参数（P<0.05）。通过中心组合设计优化关键分析参数,建立色谱分析条件：以甲醇-水（体积比为70∶30）溶液作为流动相进行洗脱,流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为254 nm,进样体积为10μL。以五味子醇甲为内参物,分别建立五味子甲素、五味子乙素与五味子醇甲的相对校正因子,计算各成分含量,实现一测多评。采用外标法测定五味子甲素、五味子乙素含量,比较外标法的实测值与一测多评法预测值之间的差异,以验证一测多评法的准确度及可行性。五味子中五味子醇甲与五味子甲素、五味子乙素的相对校正因子分别为1.039、1.246。五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素色谱峰面积与质量浓度在5～500μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。样品加标回收率分别为100.1%、100.6%、100.3%,...     

顶空-气相色谱法同时测定饮用水中八种挥发性苯系物

利用顶空-毛细管柱气相色谱技术对饮用水中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲笨、对二甲笨、间二甲笨、异丙苯、苯乙烯的测定方法进行了研究,并对平衡时间、气／液体积比、水中含盐量等影响测定因素进行了探讨,对色谱条件和顶空进样条件进行了优化。该方法选用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱,使一直较难分离的间、对二甲苯得到了很好的分离。对八种苯系物进行了最低检出限、线性、回收率、精密度试验,其平均回收率为97．4％～1063％（n=7）,相对标准偏差为2．55％～3．83％（n=7）,最低检出限为0．06～0．10μg／L。测定结果表明,该法操作简单,重现性好,灵敏度高,完全可以满足饮用水中挥发性苯系物的测定。     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱法测定大鼠滑膜细胞中雷公藤甲素的含量

建立微乳液毛细管电动色谱法快速测定大鼠滑膜细胞内外液中雷公藤甲素含量的方法.在雷公藤甲素不同给药时间孵育条件下,将滑膜细胞分为空白对照组和给药组,测定滑膜细胞内外液中雷公藤甲素含量,并比较了细胞外液中雷公藤甲素在不同给药时间的含量变化.毛细管电泳运行缓冲液组成:1％(w/V)SDS,3％(V/V)正丁醇,1％(V/V)乙酸乙酯,96％(V/V)5 mmol/L硼砂-10 mmol/L磷酸盐溶液,pH 9.0;运行电压:25 kV;压力进样:0.5 psi×6 s;电泳操作温度:25℃;检测波长:214 nm.结果表明,细胞内外液中的雷公藤甲素所呈现的线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9995和0.9991.当给药24h时,细胞内外液中的雷公藤甲素浓度分别为0.736和20.745 μg/mL.本方法简单准确、灵敏度高、精密度好,可用于滑膜细胞内外液中雷公藤甲素浓度的动态变化规律研究,为进一步研究中药有效成分对滑膜细胞功能和活性的影响提供方法学基础.     

顶空气相色谱法测定甲氧苄啶中的残留丙烯腈

采用顶空进样模式,以HP-624毛细管色谱柱为分离柱,二甲亚砜为溶剂,氮气作载气,FID为检测器,用气相色谱法测定甲氧苄啶中的残留丙烯腈。丙烯腈的线性范围为0．25～200．10μg,相关系数为0．9999,检出限为0.05μg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．4％,平均回收率为100．5％。     

离子色谱法测定氯膦酸二钠及其制剂的含量和有关物质

采用抑制型电导检测-离子色谱法同时测定氯膦酸二钠及其制剂的含量和有关物质.色谱条件为阴离子交换色谱柱(IonPac AS11-HC);检测方式为抑制电导检测;柱温30 ℃;流速1.2 mL/min;以KOH溶液为淋洗液,含量测定采用等度洗脱,有关物质检查采用梯度洗脱.氯膦酸二钠在0.0568～0.1895 g/L范围内线性关系良好(r＝0.9999); 注射液和胶囊的平均回收率分别为100.1%(RSD=0.7%)和98.9%(RSD=0.6%);检出限为0.3 ng.各杂质与主成分色谱峰能完全分离.     

利用HCI程序确定儿茶酚化合物的反相高效液相色谱最佳分离条件

有效地确定了反相高效液相色谱分离儿茶酚化合物的最佳条件。在水和甲醇的二元流动相里分别加入乙酸缓冲液,利用基于ln k=ln kw +SF, k=A+B/F, ln k=L+MF+NF2 (F是流动相中有机物甲醇的体积分数)等保留因子的一次或二次方程式的塔板理论得到色谱分离结果;利用保留原理得到等度和梯度洗脱的最佳条件。得出最佳初始流动相是含0.1%乙酸的水和含0.1%乙酸的甲醇(体积比为75∶25)的混合溶液;梯度洗脱条件：初始流动相保持15 min,然后用10 min的时间将上述二元流动相的体积比线性变换成50∶50,直到完成全部分离。通过实验证实该计算结果与实验值相近。     

Detection of low-abundance impurities in synthetic thyroid hormones by stationary phase optimized liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

The transfer of a gradient method to an isocratic or multistep gradient method employing stationary phase optimized liquid chromatography facilitated a reduction in analysis time by 50% and significantly improved the mass spectrometric detectability of impurities in synthetic thyroid hormones. Four column segments packed with different stationary phases were combined into a single chromatographic column, which allowed the separation and photometric as well as mass spectrometric detection of thyroid compounds in less than 30 min under isocratic- or step gradient elution conditions with 0.10% acetic acid/acetonitrile. Signal instability and baseline drift during detection by negative electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were minimized by optimizing the spray parameters for each individual elution step. This resulted in improved detectabilities and higher mass spectral quality, especially for low-abundance components in the sample mixture. The method was applied to the separation and detection of the low-abundance impurities formed upon the thermal stressing of a sample of synthetic levothyroxine.     

Purification of vandaterosides from Vanda teres (Orchidaceae) by stepwise gradient centrifugal partition chromatography

Vandaterosides are polar glucosyloxybenzyl eucomate derivatives found in Vanda teres (Orchidaceae), which display biological activities that slow the skin ageing process. In order to obtain larger quantities to allow us to go further in the bioassays, the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of V. teres were fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography, combining isocratic, gradient, and dual elution modes. The first fractionation was performed on the extract maintained in the stationary phase as water saturated in butanol, while increasing the polarity of the mobile phase by changing the proportions of ethyl acetate/1‐butanol/water, in order to obtain two enriched fractions. Vandateroside I was then purified by isocratic mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40), while vandateroside II was obtained by combining isocratic elution with ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water (30:20:50) followed by a multiple dual mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40). In this manner, hundreds of milligrams of vandateroside I and II were recovered from 10 g of V. teres extract.     

离子色谱法检验液体炸药爆炸尘土中的肼离子

建立了离子色谱检测液体炸药爆炸尘土中肼离子的方法。用去离子水超声提取尘土样品中的肼离子,离心后取上清液并将其分别过OnGuardⅡ RP小柱和0.22 μm过滤膜,经IonPac CS-12A阴离子色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm)分离,采用5 mmol/L甲基磺酸等度淋洗,0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液柱后加碱,金电极安培检测器检测。结果表明,肼离子质量浓度在0.02~2.0 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好(相关系数r²=0.9997)。以信噪比(S/N)为3确定方法检出限为5.0 μg/L, S/N为10确定方法定量限为16.6 μg/L。方法回收率在95.4%~99.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)在2.1%~3.3%之间。应用该方法检测液体炸药爆炸尘土中肼离子的含量为10.3 mg/kg。该方法操作简便,结果准确,适用于液体炸药爆炸尘土中肼离子的定量检测,满足刑事物证鉴定工作的需要。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定调味料中的8种合成着色剂

建立一种同时测定调味料中8种合成着色剂的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经30％甲醇水溶液提取,采用Diamonsil—C18柱（250mm×4．6mm）,以甲醇-1．55g／L乙酸铵为流动相,在最佳梯度洗脱条件下对8种合成着色剂进行分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。8种合成着色剂的线性范围为0．5～10．0μg／mL,回收率为95．0％～101％。对样品进行6次重复测定,峰面积测定结果的相对标准偏差为0．84％-3．51％（n=6）。     

Determination of triptolide and triptonide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography

An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of triptolide and triptonide in human plasma is described. Plasma samples were extracted with OasisHLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. After pretreatment, they were separated on a SymmetryShieldRP(18) column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (40:60,v/v) at 40 degrees C. The effluent was monitored at UV 217 nm. Linearity (0.010-1.0 mg/L) was good, and the lower limit of detection was 3 ng/mL for triptolide and 4.5 ng/mL for triptonide (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day assay were less than 15% and the recoveries were better than 80%. The developed method was applied to the determination of triptolide and triptonide concentration in a patient's plasma after taking the medicament containing Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F.     

Isocratic and gradient elution chromatography: a comparison in terms of speed, retention reproducibility and quantitation

Chromatographers are cautioned to avoid gradient elution when isocratic elution will do. In this work, we compared the analytical properties of gradient and isocratic separations of a sample which can be done quite readily under isocratic conditions. We found that gradient elution gave a shorter overall analysis with similar resolution of the critical pair compared to isocratic elution without sacrificing repeatability in retention time, peak area and peak height or linearity of the calibration curve. We also obtained acceptable repeatability in peak area/height and linearity of calibrations curves for a sample that required gradient elution using a practical baseline subtraction technique. Based on these results and related work which show that columns can be reequilibrated by flushing with less than two column volumes of the initial eluent, we conclude that many of the reasons given to avoid gradient elution deserve serious reconsideration, especially for those samples which are easily separated isocratically. However, we believe isocratic elution will remain preferable when: (1) the sample contains less than 10 weakly retained components (i.e. the last peak elutes with k' < 5) or (2) the gradient baseline impedes trace analysis.     

在线样品前处理大体积进样离子色谱法直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐

采用戴安公司谱睿(Pre)在线样品除氯技术,结合OnGuard Ba柱去除硫酸盐,建立了离子色谱直接测定海水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的方法。该方法以IonPac AG23为富集柱,高容量IonPac AS23为分离柱,淋洗液自动发生装置在线产生KOH溶液进行梯度淋洗,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明: 样品稀释5～10倍时,直接进样不会干扰目标物测定。当流速为1 mL/min、进样量为500 μL时,海水中NO~2-N、NO~3-N、PO3~4-P的方法检出限分别为0.3、0.4、0.2 μg/L,线性范围分别为10～500 μg/L、14～680 μg/L、3.4～170 μg/L,线性相关系数r均大于0.9990。测得人工海水样品中目标物的加标回收率为92%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为1.2%～7.7%。该方法一次进样可在13 min内完成分析,具有操作简单快捷、无污染等优点,能满足近海海水中NO~2、NO~3、PO3~4的定量分析要求。     

高效液相色谱法检测新西兰Manuka蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛

建立了高效液相色谱法用于检测新西兰Manuka蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛。将蜂蜜溶于水后加入邻苯二胺水溶液,在室温、避光条件下衍生化反应8 h以上,产物过0.22 μm滤膜后用HPLC检测。以Kromasil反相色谱柱为分析柱;甲醇和0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长为318 nm;外标法定量。甲基乙二醛在1~50 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9999;检出限(S/N=3)为0.02 mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.06 mg/L;在50、100、200 mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为98.3%~101.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于5%;衍生化产物在24 h内稳定。实验结果表明,该方法前处理过程简单,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性,可用于新西兰Manuka蜂蜜的质量控制。该方法也适用于中国蜂蜜中甲基乙二醛的检测。