HPLC测定单基火药中的二苯胺

二苯胺 (ＤＰＡ)是单基火药的组成之一。由于二苯胺呈弱碱性 ,在单基火药仓储过程中 ,可以中和单基火药分解而产生的酸性物质 ,减缓单基火药的分解速度 ,延长储存单基火药的寿命周期。准确测定仓储单基火药中的二苯胺含量 ,对单基火药质量监控具有重要意义。已采用的二氯甲烷提取ＨＰＬＣ法 ,处理时间较长 ,且存在堵塞色谱柱的可能性。本试验采用凝析法 (即先溶解单基火药后沉降硝化棉 ) ,抽取澄清液用于ＨＰＬＣ分析 ,解决了上述问题 ,快速准确地得到了测定结果。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与色谱条件高效液相色谱仪 (美国Ｂｅｃｋｍａｎ公司Ｇ…     

高效液相色谱法分离测定硝胺火药中的NGu、RDX、NG、C2和DBP

硝胺火药是一种新型的科研发射药,具有高能耐高压的特点。硝胺火药组分中含有硝化纤维素(NC),硝化甘油(NG),2号中定剂(C_2)、苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),还含有高能炸药黑索金(RDX)和硝基胍(NGu),以提高火药的能量,但给分析测定却带来相当大的困难。     

纯中定剂作外标气相色谱法测定火药内的中定剂含量

双基火药主要由硝化纤维素、硝化甘油、中定剂(二甲基二苯脲)和特定溶剂等组成[1]。其中的中定剂能消除或降低酸性氧化分解物的产生,阻止硝酸酯的加速分解,从而保证火药在长期贮存过程中有比较稳定的化学安定性[2]。因此准确测定火药中的中定剂含量非常重要。多年来,测定火药内的中定剂主要采用气相色谱法,选用的外标物[3]是权威机构研制的标准火药。由于这些标准火药有规定的使用年限(一般5~     

凝胶渗透色谱法对双带火药中的硝化纤维素、硝化甘油和中定剂的分离测定

将双带火药直接溶解于四氢呋喃溶剂中,使呈一均匀高分子和低分子的混合溶液,再将此溶液引入到凝胶色谱体系中,使高、低分子得到分离。采用内标法,对分离后的双带火药的主要成分硝化纤维素(NC),硝化甘油(NG)和中定剂(C_2)进行定量测定。     

纸基包装材料中抗氧化剂及增塑剂向干性食品模拟物Tenax TA迁移的研究

采用改性聚苯醚多孔聚合物微球Tenax TA为干性食品模拟物,用于纤维素纸基食品接触材料中3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCP)向Tenax TA迁移的研究,以超高效液相色谱进行测定。迁移试验以白卡纸和牛皮纸为研究对象,通过设计不同迁移时间和迁移温度下3种目标物向Tenax TA迁移的实验,获取有机化合物从纸基纤维素向Tenax TA迁移的规律。结果表明,有机化合物从纸基材料向多孔聚合物微球的迁移经历了气体吸附和脱附两个步骤。在Tenax TA吸附目标化合物的过程中,纤维素纸基材料的微观孔径尺寸越大,与迁移物的相互作用越小,迁移物迁移的速率越大,Tenax TA的吸附效率越高;当吸附达到平衡后,迁移时间的延长会引发Tenax TA中迁移物的脱附,进而导致目标化合物的迁移率下降。对45种纸基食品接触材料中目标迁移物的筛查表明,BHA和DCP分别存在于两种不同类型的纸基食品接触材料中,迁移量分别为0.027μg/dm~2和0.81μg/dm~2,均小于欧盟指令规定的特定迁移限量。     

气相色谱法测定单基火药中挥分

挥分(水、乙醇和乙醚)是单基火药(相对于双基药和多基药,只有硝化棉一种能量成分)的重要组成部分,其含量的多少不仅决定弹药弹道性能的优劣,而且对弹药结构的稳定性和贮存安全性都有重要的影响.本试验用干燥过的丁酮-仲丁醇混合溶剂萃取单基火药试样中的挥分,按标准单基火药挥分各组分的含量配制标准溶液,取标准溶液和萃取液进行色谱法测定,用峰高外标法可以直接计算出单基火药试样中挥分的含量.     

配体氮上取代基对二齿双氨基脒钴(II)型ALD前驱体稳定性的影响

新型的二齿双氮基脒金属前驱体bis-amidinate在原子层气相沉积(ALD)中表现出了广阔的应用前景. 前驱体适用性取决于其是否具备适当的稳定性, 而bis-amidinate型前驱体的稳定性可由侧链取代基上β基团的迁移重排来表征. 利用密度泛函理论方法研究了配体氮原子上不同取代基对bis-amidinate型Co前驱体稳定性的影响. 结果表明, β-H的迁移较β-Me的迁移相对容易, 而β基团在不同取代基前驱体中的迁移能力次序为: 异丙基(β-H)＞2-丁基(β-H)＞叔丁基(β-CH₃)     

苯并咪唑苯并异喹啉酮及其衍生物的电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函、含时密度泛函和单激发组态相互作用(CIS)方法研究了苯并咪唑苯并异喹啉酮(1)及其衍生物的电子结构特性和光谱性质,并用极化连续模型考虑了溶剂的影响.结果表明,化合物1及其衍生物的吸收和荧光发射过程的电子垂直跃迁是由于分子内的电荷迁移.化合物1中取代基的位置及给吸电子能力影响其HOMO-LUMO能隙和电荷迁移量.在分子中引入吸电子和给电子取代基,均使最大吸收波长和最大荧光发射波长红移,计算的结果与实验结果吻合得较好.     

载Na胜利褐煤热解过程中氮的迁移转化

采用具有流化床/固定床特征的石英反应器进行不同Na负载量的胜利褐煤热解实验,考察不同Na负载量对煤热解过程中氮迁移的影响。用紫外可见分光光度计分析气相的NH_3和HCN,用X光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征固体半焦中有机氮的存在形式。结果表明,低温热解时,增加Na的含量对煤中氮转化为NH_3起促进作用;高温热解时,Na抑制煤中氮转化为NH_3。Na对煤中氮转化为HCN表现为抑制作用,这种影响规律不随温度而变化。载Na量增加降低半焦氮含量,促进半焦中季氮的生成,但这种影响在低温时不明显。     

含松香骨架的手性氮杂冠醚的合成及其在不对称Michael 加成反应中的应用

以松香为原料, 合成了4个手性氮杂冠醚: N-脱氢松香基单氮杂-12-冠-4、N-脱氢松香基单氮杂-15-冠-5、N-脱氢松香基单氮杂-18-冠-6和N-降解脱氢松香基单氮杂-12-冠-4, 并用于催化不对称查尔酮Michael加成反应, 发现这些手性氮杂冠醚可以有效地催化2-硝基丙烷与查尔酮的不对称Michael加成, Michael加成产物ee最高达35%.     

Activation energy for the disproportionation of HBrO2 and estimated heats of formation of HBrO2 and BrO2

The kinetics of the reaction HBrO(2) + HBrO(2) --> HOBr + BrO(3)(-) + H(+) is investigated in aqueous HClO(4) (0.04-0.9 M) and H(2)SO(4) (0.3-0.9 M) media and at temperatures in the range 15-38 degrees C. The reaction is found to be cleanly second order in [HBrO(2)], with the experimental rate constant having the form k(exp) = k + k'[H(+)]. The half-life of the reaction is on the order of a few tenths of a second in the range 0.01 M < [HBrO(2)](0) < 0.02 M. The detailed mechanism of this reaction is discussed. The activation parameters for kare found to be E(double dagger) = 19.0 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -132 +/- 3 J/(K mol) in HClO(4), and E(double dagger) = 23.0 +/- 0.5 kJ/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -119 +/- 1 J/(K mol) in H(2)SO(4). The activation parameters for k' are found to be E(double dagger) = 25.8 +/- 0.5 kJ/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -106 +/- 1 J/(K mol) in HClO(4), and E(double dagger) = 18 +/- 3 kJ/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -130 +/- 11 J/(K mol) in H(2)SO(4). The values Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[BrO(2)(aq)] = 157 kJ/mol and Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HBrO(2)(aq)] = -33 kJ/mol are estimated using a trend analysis (bond strengths) based on the assumption Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HBrO(2)(aq)] lies between Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HOBr(aq)] and Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HBrO(3)(aq)] as Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HClO(2)(aq)] lies between Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HOCl(aq)] and Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HClO(3)(aq)]. The estimated value of Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[BrO(2)(aq)] agrees well with calculated gas-phase values, but the estimated value of Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HBrO(2)(aq)], as well as the tabulated value of Delta(f)H(29)(8)(0)[HClO(2)(aq)], is in substantial disagreement with calculated gas-phase values. Values of Delta(r)H(0) are estimated for various reactions involving BrO(2) or HBrO(2).     

NMR study of ligand exchange and electron self-exchange between oxo-centered trinuclear clusters [Fe3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CR)6(4-R'py)3](+/0)

The syntheses, single crystal X-ray structures, and magnetic properties of the homometallic μ?-oxo trinuclear clusters [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?](ClO?) (1) and [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CAd)?(4-Mepy)?](NO?) (2) are reported (Ad = adamantane). The persistence of the trinuclear structure within 1 and 2 in CD?Cl? and C?D?Cl? solutions in the temperature range 190-390 K is demonstrated by 1H NMR. An equilibrium between the mixed pyridine clusters [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CAd)?(4-Mepy)(3-x)(4-Phpy)(x)](NO?) (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) with a close to statistical distribution of these species is observed in CD?Cl? solutions. Variable-temperature NMR line-broadening made it possible to quantify the coordinated/free 4-Rpy exchanges at the iron centers of 1 and 2: k(ex)2?? = 6.5 ± 1.3 × 10?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 89.47 ± 2 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = +51.8 ± 6 J K?1 mol?1 for 1 and k(ex)2?? = 3.4 ± 0.5 × 10?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 91.13 ± 2 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = +51.9 ± 5 J K?1 mol?1 for 2. A limiting D mechanism is assigned for these ligand exchange reactions on the basis of first-order rate laws and positive and large entropies of activation. The exchange rates are 4 orders of magnitude slower than those observed for the ligand exchange on the reduced heterovalent cluster [Fe(III)?Fe(II)(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?] (3). In 3, the intramolecular Fe(III)/Fe(II) electron exchange is too fast to be observed. At low temperatures, the 1/3 intermolecular second-order electron self-exchange reaction is faster than the 4-Phpy ligand exchange reactions on these two clusters, suggesting an outer-sphere mechanism: k?2?? = 72.4 ± 1.0 × 103 M?1 s?1, ΔH(?) = 18.18 ± 0.3 kJ mol?1, and ΔS(?) = -90.88 ± 1.0 J K?1 mol?1. The [Fe?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(4-Phpy)?](+/0) electron self-exchange reaction is compared with the more than 3 orders of magnitude faster [Ru?(μ?-O)(μ-O?CCH?)?(py)?](+/0) self-exchange reaction (ΔΔG(exptl)(?298) = 18.2 kJ mol?1). The theoretical estimated self-exchange rate constants for both processes compare reasonably well with the experimental values. The equilibrium constant for the formation of the precursor to the electron-transfer and the free energy of activation contribution for the solvent reorganization to reach the electron transfer step are taken to be the same for both redox couples. The larger ΔG(exptl)(?298) for the 1/3 iron self-exchange is attributed to the larger (11.1 kJ mol?1) inner-sphere reorganization energy of the 1 and 3 iron clusters in addition to a supplementary energy (6.1 kJ mol?1) which arises as a result of the fact that each encounter is not electron-transfer spin-allowed for the iron redox couple.     

Influence of terpyridine as pi-acceptor ligand on the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of NO with ruthenium(III) complexes

The kinetics of the unusually fast reaction of cis- and trans-[Ru(terpy)(NH3)2Cl]2+ (with respect to NH3; terpy=2,2':6',2"-terpyridine) with NO was studied in acidic aqueous solution. The multistep reaction pathway observed for both isomers includes a rapid and reversible formation of an intermediate Ru(III)-NO complex in the first reaction step, for which the rate and activation parameters are in good agreement with an associative substitution behavior of the Ru(III) center (cis isomer, k1=618 +/- 2 M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH(++) = 38 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -63 +/- 8 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++) = -17.5 +/- 0.8 cm3 mol(-1); k -1 = 0.097 +/- 0.001 s(-1), DeltaH(++) = 27 +/- 8 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -173 +/- 28 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++) = -17.6 +/- 0.5 cm3 mol(-1); trans isomer, k1 = 1637 +/- 11 M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH(++) = 34 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -69 +/-11 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++) = -20 +/- 2 cm3 mol(-1); k(-1)=0.47 +/- 0.08 s(-1), DeltaH(++)=39 +/- 5 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -121 +/-18 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++) = -18.5 +/- 0.4 cm3 mol(-1) at 25 degrees C). The subsequent electron transfer step to form Ru(II)-NO+ occurs spontaneously for the trans isomer, followed by a slow nitrosyl to nitrite conversion, whereas for the cis isomer the reduction of the Ru(III) center is induced by the coordination of an additional NO molecule (cis isomer, k2=51.3 +/- 0.3 M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH(++) = 46 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -69 +/- 5 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++) = -22.6 +/- 0.2 cm3 mol(-1) at 45 degrees C). The final reaction step involves a slow aquation process for both isomers, which is interpreted in terms of a dissociative substitution mechanism (cis isomer, DeltaV(++) = +23.5 +/- 1.2 cm3 mol(-1); trans isomer, DeltaV(++) = +20.9 +/- 0.4 cm3 mol(-1) at 55 degrees C) that produces two different reaction products, viz. [Ru(terpy)(NH3)(H2O)NO]3+ (product of the cis isomer) and trans-[Ru(terpy)(NH3)2(H2O)]2+. The pi-acceptor properties of the tridentate N-donor chelate (terpy) predominantly control the overall reaction pattern.     

Vertical diffusion of water molecules near the surface of ice

We studied diffusion of water molecules in the direction perpendicular to the surface of an ice film. Amorphous ice films of H(2)O were deposited on Ru(0001) at temperature of 100-140 K for thickness of 1-5 bilayer (BL) in vacuum, and a fractional coverage of D(2)O was added onto the surface. Vertical migration of surface D(2)O molecules to the underlying H(2)O multilayer and the reverse migration of H(2)O resulted in change of their surface concentrations. Temporal variation of the H(2)O and D(2)O surface concentrations was monitored by the technique of Cs(+) reactive ion scattering to reveal kinetics of the vertical diffusion in depth resolution of 1 BL. The first-order rate coefficient for the migration of surface water molecules ranged from k(1)=5.7(+/-0.6) x 10(-4) s(-1) at T=100 K to k(1)=6.7(+/-2.0) x 10(-2) s(-1) at 140 K, with an activation energy of 13.7+/-1.7 kJ mol(-1). The equivalent surface diffusion coefficients were D(s)=7 x 10(-19) cm(2) s(-1) at 100 K and D(s)=8 x 10(-17) cm(2) s(-1) at 140 K. The measured activation energy was close to interstitial migration energy (15 kJ mol(-1)) and was much lower than diffusion activation energy in bulk ice (52-70 kJ mol(-1)). The result suggested that water molecules diffused via the interstitial mechanism near the surface where defect concentrations were very high.     

Formation and stability of molybdenum-tellurium oxides MoTeO5, Mo2TeO8, Mo3TeO11 and MoTe2O7 in the gas phase. Quantum chemical and mass spectrometry determination of standard enthalpy of formation

The formation of mixed molybdenum-tellurium oxides MoTeO5, Mo2TeO8, Mo3TeO11, MoTe2O7 in the gas phase has been studied by mass spectrometry (MS) experiments at temperatures of about 938 K and studied theoretically by quantum chemical (QC) methods. Structural and thermodynamic data for the molecules was calculated. The mixed oxides MoTeO5, Mo2TeO8, Mo3TeO11 and MoTe2O7 in the gas phase have been reported for the first time. Experimental thermodynamic data have been determined by means of MS and confirmed theoretically by DFT and ab initio (MP2) calculations. Adiabatic ionisation potentials (IPs) were obtained experimentally and compared with theoretical vertical ionisation potentials. The following values are given: Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = ?730.2 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = ?735.4 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?717.3 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = 389.5 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(MoTeO5) = 141.71 + 13.54 × 10(?3)T ? 2.53 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = ?1436.3 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = ?1436.1 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?1455.9 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = 517.1 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(Mo2TeO8) = 228.64 + 24.15 × 10(?3)T ? 4.09 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = ?2132.7 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = ?2110.7 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?2163.2 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = 629.3 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(Mo3TeO11) = 316.40 + 34.10 × 10(?3)T ? 5.74 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = ?999.7 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = ?1002.7 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?1000.9 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = 504.8 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(MoTe2O7) = 211.19 + 18.02 × 10(?3)T ? 3.53 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), IP(MoTeO5) = 10.68 eV (DFT), IP(Mo2TeO8) = 10.4 ± 0.5 eV (MS), IP(Mo2TeO8) = 10.41 eV (DFT), IP(Mo3TeO11) = 10.7 ± 0.5 eV (MS), IP(Mo3TeO11) = 10.18 eV (DFT), IP(MoTe2O7) = 9.91 eV (DFT).     

Determination of interconversion barriers by dynamic gas chromatography: epimerization of chalcogran

The four stereoisomers of chalcogran 1 ((2RS,SRS)-2-ethyl-1,6-di-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane), the principal component of the aggregation pheromone of the bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus, are prone to interconversion at the spiro center (C5). During diastereo- and enantioselective dynamic gas chromatography (DGC), epimerization of 1 gives rise to two independent interconversion peak profiles, each featuring a plateau between the peaks of the interconverting epimers. To determine the rate constants of epimerization by dynamic gas chromatography (DGC), equations to simulate the complex elution profiles were derived, using the theoretical plate model and the stochastic model of the chromatographic process. The Eyring activation parameters of the experimental interconversion profiles, between 70 and 120 C in the presence of the chiral stationary phase (CSP) Chirasil-beta-Dex, were then determined by computer-aided simulation with the aid of the new program Chrom-Win: (2R,5R)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K) = 108.0 +/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 47.1+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -204+/-6 JK(-1) mol(-1): (2R,5S)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K) = 108.5+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 45.8+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -210 +/-6 J K mol(-1); (2S,5S)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K)= 108.1+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 49.3+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -197+/-8 J K(-1) mol(-1); (2S,5R)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K)=108.6+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 48.0+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -203+/-8 J K(-1) mol(-1). The thermodynamic Gibbs free energy of the E/Z equilibrium of the epimers was determined by the stopped-flow multidimensional gas chromatographic technique: deltaG(E/Z) (298.15 K)= -0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(E/Z) = 1.4 kJ mol(-1) and deltaS(E/Z) = 6.3 J K(-1) mol(-1). An interconversion pathway proceeding through ring-opening and formation of a zwitterion and an enol ether/alcohol intermediate of 1 is proposed.     

烷基芳基磺酸盐分子量及其分布对微乳液结构参数及热力学函数的影响

用稀释法求得了由自制的7种烷基芳基磺酸盐复配体系(AAS)/正丁醇/正癸烷/水组成的W/O型微乳液的结构参数,还求得了醇从油相转移到界面时的标准自由能,并计算出标准焓变和标准熵变。探讨了烷基芳基磺酸盐平均分子量及其分布对结构参数及热力学函数的影响。结果表明,分散相有效半径Re,内核水半径Rw,二者之差di和表面活性剂分子在每个液滴中的平均聚集数n值均呈现为正态分布<递减分布<均匀分布<递增分布<反正态分布;分散相颗粒总数Nd和分散相界面外层总面积Ad值均呈现为正态分布>递减分布>均匀分布>递增分布>反正态分布;-ΔG0o→i值呈现为正态分布(5.36 kJ/mol)<递减分布(5.49 kJ/mol)<均匀分布(5.64 kJ/mol)<递增分布(5.78 kJ/mol)<反正态分布(6.01 kJ/mol);ΔS0o→i值呈现为正态分布(26.88 J/(mol.K))<递减分布(27.12 J/(mol.K))<均匀分布(27.60 J/(mol.K))<递增分布(28.06 J/(mol.K))<反正态分布(29.23 J/(mol.K));Rw、Re、n、di、-ΔG0o→i、ΔH0o→i和ΔS0o→i值均随磺酸盐平均分子量的增大而增大;Nd、Ad值均随磺酸盐平均分子量的增大而减小;且在实验范围内,结构参数、-ΔG0o→i、ΔS0o→i与磺酸盐平均分子量均呈线性关系;后两者分别为y=0.0586x-17.916,y=0.2203x-61.275。     

Reactive intermediates relevant to the carbonylation of CH(3)Mn(CO)(5). Activation parameters for key dynamic processes

Reported is a time-resolved infrared and optical kinetics investigation of the transient species CH(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(4) (I(Mn)) generated by flash photolysis of the acetyl manganese pentacarbonyl complex CH(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(5) (A(Mn)) in cyclohexane and in tetrahydrofuran. Activation parameters were determined for CO trapping of I(Mn) to regenerate A(Mn) (rate = k(CO) [CO][I(Mn)]) as well as the methyl migration pathway to form methylmanganese pentacarbonyl CH(3)Mn(CO)(5) (M(Mn)) (rate = k(M)[I(Mn)]). These values were Delta H(++)(CO) = 31 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), Delta S(++)(CO) = -64 +/- 3 J mol(-1) K(-1), Delta H(++)(M) = 35 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), and Delta S(++)(M) = -111 +/- 3 J mol(-1) K(-1). Substantially different activation parameters were found for the methyl migration kinetics of I(Mn) in THF solutions where Delta H(++)(M) = 68 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S(++)(M) = 10 +/- 10 J mol(-1) K(-1), consistent with the earlier conclusion (Boese, W. T.; Ford, P. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8381-8391) that the composition of I(Mn) is different in these two media. The possible isotope effect on k(M) was also evaluated by studying the intermediates generated from flash photolysis of CD(3)C(O)Mn(CO)(5) in cyclohexane, but this was found to be nearly negligible (k(M)(h)/k(M)(d) (298 K) = 0.97 +/- 0.05, Delta H(++)(M)(d) = 37 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1), and Delta S(++)(M)(d) = -104 +/- 12 J mol(-1) K(-1)). The relevance to the migratory insertion mechanism of CH(3)Mn(CO)(5), a model for catalytic carbonylations, is discussed.     

琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢生成γ-丁内酯的反应动力学研究

以RuCl3 /PPh3 为催化剂体系研究了琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢反应动力学 .结果表明当催化剂浓度小于1.0× 10 -2 mol /L ,n(PPh3 ) /n(Ru) =7,SA浓度小于 2 .2 5mol /L和反应氢压PH2 小于 2 .2 5MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k1[Ru][SA]PH2 ;当反应氢压PH2 大于 2 .77MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k2 [Ru][SA].琥珀酸酐加氢生成γ -丁内酯的活化能Ea为 85 .2kJ/mol,活化焓△H≠ 为 81.8kJ /mol     

On the parallel mechanism of the dissociation of energy-selected P(CH3)3+ ions

Energy selected trimethyl phosphine ions were prepared by threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) spectroscopy. This ion dissociates via H, CH(3), and CH(4) loss, the latter two involving hydrogen transfer steps. The ion time-of-flight distribution and the breakdown diagram are analyzed in terms of the statistical RRKM theory, which includes tunneling. Ab initio and DFT calculations provide the vibrational frequencies required for the RRKM modeling. CH(3) loss could produce both the P(CH(3))(2)(+) by a simple bond dissociation step, and the more stable HP(CH(2))CH(3)(+) ion by a hydrogen transfer step. Quantum chemical calculations are extensively used to uncover the reaction scheme, and they strongly suggest that the latter product is exclusively formed via an isomerization step in the energy range of the experiment. The data analysis, which includes modeling with the trimethyl phosphine thermal energy distribution, provides accurate onset energies for both H (E(0K) = 1024.1 +/- 3.5 kJ/mol) and CH(3) (E(0K) = 1024.8 +/- 3.5 kJ/mol) loss reactions. From this analysis, we conclude that the Delta(f)H(298K) degrees [HP(CH(2))(CH(3))(+)] = 783 +/- 8 kJ/mol and Delta(f)H(298K) degrees [P(CH(2))(CH(3))(2)(+)] = 711 +/- 8 kJ/mol.