共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Using the scattering-matrix method, we investigate the thermal conductance in a two-slit quantum waveguide at low temperature. The results show that the total thermal conductance decreases monotonically with temperature increasing. Moreover, we find that the behaviours of the thermal conductance versus temperature are different for different types of slits. 相似文献
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Xiaoxu Lian 《Optics Communications》2011,284(22):5253-5258
Young's interference experiment is regarded as a two-slit diffraction phenomenon, the polarization singularities in Young's two-slit configuration illuminated with two linearly, orthogonally polarized Gaussian vortex beams are studied. It is shown that generally, there exist L-lines (linearly polarization) and polarization singularities including C-points (circular polarization), S23 and S31 singularities even though the parameters of two beams are the same. The pair creation-annihilation and motion of polarization singularities take place upon propagation, or by varying a control parameter, such as the amplitude ratio of two beams or obscure ratio of slits etc. For a special case of the illumination with two linearly, orthogonally polarized Gaussian vortex-free beams, polarization singularities, in particular, C-points may occur if a parameter of two beams is not equal. 相似文献
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Nicolay V. Lunin 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2008,29(5):441-459
The complete set of observables (bilinear Hermitian forms) is determined for the Schrödinger equation and their connection with the curvature and torsion of the curves, where conservation laws are fulfilled, is established. It is shown that these curves for a free particle, in the general case, are spiral lines with the radius and step length defined by the observables at the initial point (both parameters are proportional to the de Broglie wavelength). A spiral line turns to a straight line under some conditions. The trajectory variations are considered in the problem with a potential step and a rectangular barrier. It is shown that spiral lines can be transformed into straight lines and vice versa. All observables, which are changed along the potential barrier, can be restored under some constraints on the potential. The Hermitian transformations at the potential step are connected with the Lorentz transformations. A qualitative explanation of the double-slit experiment for extremely low intensity of the particles' source in the absence of the interference conditions is suggested. 相似文献
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《Physics letters. A》1987,122(5):221-225
Considering a simple quantum master equation for a free particle we prove that after a given period of relaxation the solutions can be interpreted exactly in terms of uniform localized wave packets whose centers imitate classical trajectories. 相似文献
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It is shown that the lattice-theoretic distributive law does not fail to hold in the two slit-experiment for the general case offinite slit widths and for a position measurement which localizes the observed particle to afinite region of the screen. Comments are made on previous and less general discussions of the case considered. 相似文献
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P. N. Kaloyerou 《Foundations of Physics》1992,22(11):1345-1377
We consider the compatibility of the Wootters and Zurek development of information theory as applied to the two-slit experiment with the principle of complementarity. We also consider the limitations of aspects of Wootters and Zurek's analysis, and, independently of complementarity, the extent to which Wootters and Zurek's information theory can be considered a fundamental interpretation of the quantum theory (as applied to particle-wave duality). The question of particle-wave uncertainty relations will also be taken up. 相似文献
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Mohsen Timoumi 《Reports on Mathematical Physics》2004,54(1):1-21
In this paper we study in some particular cases, the existence and multiplicity of closed trajectories of a relativistic particle moving in some electromagnetic fields. To solve this problem, we use Hamiltonian systems and variational methods. 相似文献
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The scaling behavior of the closed trajectories of a moving particle generated by randomly placed rotators or mirrors on a square or triangular lattice is studied numerically. On both lattices, for most concentrations of the scatterers the trajectories close exponentially fast. For special critical concentrations infinitely extended trajectories can occur which exhibit a scaling behavior similar to that of the perimeters of percolation clusters.At criticality, in addition to the two critical exponents =15/7 andd
f=7/4 found before, the critical exponent =3/7 appears. This exponent determines structural scaling properties of closed trajectories of finite size when they approach infinity. New scaling behavior was found for the square lattice partially occupied by rotators, indicating a different universality class than that of percolation clusters.Near criticality, in the critical region, two scaling functions were determined numerically:f(x), related to the trajectory length (S) distributionn
s, andh(x), related to the trajectory sizeR
s (gyration radius) distribution, respectively. The scaling functionf(x) is in most cases found to be a symmetric double Gaussian with the same characteristic size exponent =0.433/7 as at criticality, leading to a stretched exponential dependence ofn
S onS, nSexp(–S
6/7). However, for the rotator model on the partially occupied square lattice an alternative scaling function is found, leading to a new exponent =1.6±0.3 and a superexponential dependence ofn
S onS.h(x) is essentially a constant, which depends on the type of lattice and the concentration of the scatterers. The appearance of the same exponent =3/7 at and near a critical point is discussed. 相似文献
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We study the fidelity of quantum teleportation for the situation in which quantum logic gates are used to provide the long distance entanglement required in the protocol, and where the effect of a noisy environment is modeled by means of a generalized amplitude damping channel. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the quantum trajectories approach, which allows the simulation of open systems with a large number of qubits (up to 24). This shows that the method is suitable for modeling quantum information protocols in realistic environments. 相似文献
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Daniel C. Galehouse 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1981,20(10):787-807
The concept of trajectory is extended theoretically from classical mechanics through nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics. Forced motion of the particle as might be caused by an electromagnetic field is included in the equations. A new interpretation of the electromagnetic potential and the gauge transformation is presented. Using this formal structure, the problem of collecting particles into packets using trajectories is studied for both quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. Quantum mechanical trajectories are found to be significantly more restricted than those allowed by classical physics. The uncertainty principle comes from the second-order nature of the field equation without recourse to statistical arguments. The trajectories of particles in a quantum state can be calculated explicitly from the wave function (also see article in Volume 20, Number 6). 相似文献
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An analysis is presented of the time evolution of an optical field during a quantum nondemolition measurement of photon number using the cross-Kerr interaction between the signal and probe fields. It is shown that the signal field state collapses into a Fock state only asymptotically (in the infinite time limit), remaining in a superposition of two Fock states (Fock-state qubit) throughout most of the measurement period. Estimates are obtained both for the time required to measure photon number to the desired accuracy and for the Fock-state qubit lifetime. 相似文献
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In this paper we have studied the motion of charged particles in a dipole magnetic field on the Schwarzscbild background geometry.
A detailed analysis has been made in the equatorial plane through the study of the effective potential curves. In the case
of positive canonical angular momentum the effective potential has two maxima and two minima giving rise to a well-defined
potential well rear the event horizon. This feature of the effective potential categorises the particle orbits into four classes,
depending on their energies. (i) Particles, coming from infinity with energy less than the absolute maximum ofV
eff, would scatter away after being turned away by the magnetic field. (ii) Whereas those with energies higher than this would
go into the central star seeing no barrier. (iii) Particles initially located within the potential well are naturally trapped,
and they execute Larmor motion in bound gyrating orbits. (iv) and those with initial positions corresponding to the extrema
ofV
eff follow circular orbits which are stable for non-relativistic particles and unstable for relativistic ones. We have also considered
the case of negative canonical angular momentum and found that no trapping in bound orbits occur for this case.
In the case when particles are not confined to the equatorial plane we have found that the particles execute oscillatory motion
between two mirror points if the magnetic field is sufficiently high, but would continuously fall towards the event horizon
otherwise.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
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R. Jagannathan T. S. Santhanam R. Vasudevan 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1981,20(10):755-773
This paper analyzes the possible implications of interpreting the finitedimensional representations of canonically conjugate quantum mechanical position, and momentum operators of a particle consistent with Weyl's form of Heisenberg's commutation relation as the actual position, and momentum operators of the particle when it is confined to move within a finite spatial domain, and regarding the application of current quantum mechanical formalism based on Heisenberg's relation to such a situation as an asymptotic approximation. In the resulting quantum mechanical formalism the discrete and finite position and momentum spectra of a particle depend on its rest mass and the spatial domain of confinement. Such a finite-dimensional quantum mechanics may be very suitable for describing the physics of particles confined to move within very small regions of space. 相似文献
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