电流变液中悬浮颗粒的体积与形状的变化

基于偶极近似 ,运用电极化方法 ,定量研究了电流变液中悬浮颗粒在外电场作用下其体积和形状的变化 ,并计算了其体积和形状的相对变化率 .研究结果表明 :悬浮颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率均与电场强度的平方成正比 ,并与ER本身的性质有关 .一般情况下 ,颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率分别为 8.4 %和 12 .5 % ,对总体积变化率的贡献为 1.6 8% .这种变化对于ER系统的电涨和电热都作出了贡献 ,仅当将颗粒当作刚性球时 ,其自由能才与电场强度的平方成正比 .     

电流变效应的研究及应用前景

本文介绍了电流变效应这种物理现象的原理及其工程应用．     

电场方向对电流变液剪切应力的影响

采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了电场方向对电流变液剪切应力的影响结果表明由于流体中自发倾斜链的形成,剪切应力对电场方向有明显的依赖关系,并且在某些特定方向应力会显著增强一种关于电流变液理想结构的理论模型计算证实了该结果,这样人们可通过选择电场的最优方向来增强电流变效应,而不需要额外的能量消耗,从而为电流变液走向实用提供了一条可能的途径 关键词：     

科研工作使科学内容现代化——将电流变液转变机理及其应用引入工科物理 …

介绍了科研工作（电流变液转变机理及其应用）引入工科物理教学的实践与体会。     

科研工作使教学内容现代化--将电流变液转变机理及其应用引入工科物理教学

介绍了将科研工作(电流变液转变机理及其应用)引入工科物理教学的实践与体会.     

电—流变效应演示实验

一、电-流变效应简介早在40年代,美国物理学家Wills.Winslow发现,把某些材料粉末分散在矿物油中制成悬浮液,当施加电场时,其表观粘度及剪切应力随电场的变化而变化。由于在电场作用下该流体呈现非牛顿流体的特点,故称电-流变效应(ER)。电-流变效应的意义在于,可以把这种流体做为一种传动介质,应用于离合器、减     

电流变效应的研究及应用前景

本文介绍了电流变效应这种物理现象的原理及其工程应用。     

电流变效应及其应用前景

 在英国设菲尔德市举行的第五届国际电流变液研讨会上,美国Ｌｕｂｒｉｚｏｌ公司的代表播放了一段录像,录像显示：在美国福特汽车公司的试验场上,装备普通减振器的轿车开进一个大坑时,车体下沉和上抬很厉害．而装备有被人们誉为“灵巧液体”的减振器的轿车,经过同一大坑时,车体下沉和上抬大大减少,车身只是稍稍起伏,车子就开过去了．试验还表明：在试验场的正弦型特制的道路上,普通轿车的速度超过５６Ｋｍ／ｈ时,车子颠簸不已,无法继续行驶．而装备有”灵巧液体”的减振器的轿车却行驶平稳,可以开到９６Ｋｍ／ｈ．据说,到Ｌｕｂｒｉｚｏｌ公司去的人可以坐一坐这种车子,亲身体验一下．     

极性分子型电流变液

电流变液在电场作用下软硬连续可调的奇特性质具有广泛和重要的应用价值。传统电流变液是基于颗粒极化产生的相互作用,根据介电理论预测,其剪切屈服强度的上限约为10 kPa。电流变液被发明50年来,阻碍其应用的主要原因是剪切强度低。近年来发明的“极性分子型电流变液”是一类新型电流变液,其屈服强度比传统电流变液大一个数量级以上,且与电场强度呈线性关系,这一点和传统电流变液中的平方关系也明显不同。文章作者提出了极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场中的取向并与极化电荷作用的模型,成功地解释了观察到的实验现象。根据这一原理,有可能制备出屈服强度高达MPa的电流变液。     

电流变液制动的演示实验

叙述了SiO2／P微囊复合颗粒的制备方法,介绍了演示电流变产应的实验装置及演示过程。     

Polar molecule dominated electrorheological effect

The yield stress of our newly developed electrorheological (ER) fluids consisting of dielectric nano-particles suspended in silicone oil reaches hundreds of kPa, which is orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ones. We found that the polar molecules adsorbed on the particles play a decisive role in such new ER fluids. To explain this polar molecule dominated ER (PM-ER) effect a model is proposed based on the interaction of polar molecule-charge between the particles, where the local electric field is significantly enhanced and results in the polar molecules aligning in the direction of the electric field. The model can well explain the giant ER effect and a near-linear dependence of the yield stress on the electric field. The main effective factors for achieving high-performance PM-ER fluids are discussed. The PM-ER fluids with the yield stress higher than one MPa can be expected.     

Many-body dipole-induced dipole model for electrorheological fluids

Theoretical investigations on electrorheological (ER) fluids usually rely on computer simulations. An initial approach for these studies would be the point-dipole (PD) approximation, which is known to err considerably when the particles approach and finally touch each other due to many-body and multipolar interactions. Thus various works have attempted to go beyond the PD model. Being beyond the PD model, previous attempts have been restricted to either local-field effects only or multipolar effects only, but not both. For instance, we recently proposed a dipole-induced-dipole (DID) model which is shown to be both more accurate than the PD model and easy to use. This work is necessary because the many-body (local-field) effect is included to put forth the many-body DID model. The results show that the multipolar interactions can indeed be dominant over the dipole interaction, while the local-field effect may yield a correction.     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.     

极板形貌修饰对电流变液/极板界面滑移抑制实验研究

被外电场极化而固化的电流变液容易在极板处产生剪切滑移而降低其力学性能.使用抛光、激光打坑、覆盖尼龙网和光刻腐蚀四种方法对极板形貌进行了修饰,并对电流变液的压缩力学性能进行了测试.研究表明,光滑极板和光刻腐蚀柱阵列极板易产生界面滑移而压缩强度较低,粗糙坑阵列和覆盖尼龙网可抑制界面滑移而压缩强度高.极板形貌增强极板附近局部电场强度,强化了链末端与极板间的作用,迫使链结构屈服位置远离链末端,从而有效抑制了滑移.研究结果对进一步认识电流变液的屈服强度,提高电流变器件的力学性能有重要参考价值. 关键词： 电流变液 滑移 极板形貌修饰 压缩应力     

以二氧化钛前驱体为基的电流变液的成分分析和机理研究

制备了二氧化钛前驱体粉体, 它具有优良的巨电流变效应, 但不含一水草酸钙的成分. 通过X射线衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体光谱仪和热失重-质谱联用仪等一系列实验手段, 对二氧化钛前驱体粉体进行了表征, 发现它是非晶形态的纳米粉体, 其主要成分为TiOC₂O₄·2H₂O和TiO(OH)₂. 由二氧化钛前驱体配置的电流变液具有与钛酸钙前驱体电流变液类似的温度特征, 即 当处理温度超过160℃后, 电流变液的屈服强度会逐渐降低, 至200℃后, 巨电流变效应完全消失. 通过对比分析发现, 伴随上述巨电流变效应消失过程的化学反应是TiOC₂O₄·2H₂O 在加热过程中失去了结晶水. 这些特征在所有钛酸盐系列的电流变液中均可观察到, 因此我们推断TiOC₂O₄·2H₂O是钛酸盐系列巨电流变液中的关键物质. 关键词： 电流变液 钛酸盐 极性分子     

纳米TiO2颗粒对电流变悬浮液中硅油的挥发增强效应

物理化学性能稳定的二甲基硅油常作为电流变液分散相, 当与纳米量级的介电颗粒混合组成电流变悬浮液时, 在非密闭环境下极易挥发, 时间足够长时, 可完全挥发. 本文通过实验研究了纳米二氧化钛颗粒对二氧化钛和硅油组成的悬浮液中硅油挥发增强现象, 分析表明, 纳米颗粒在电流变悬浮液的硅油气-液界面上形成纳米尺度的凸型曲面, 使液面上蒸气压大大提高, 导致挥发增强. 本文还对颗粒浓度, 环境温度和硅油黏度等对硅油挥发增强效应的影响进行了系统的研究和分析.     

The electric field and frequency responses of giant electrorheological fluids

The giant electrorheological(ER) fluid is based on the principle of a polar molecule dominated electrorheological(PM-ER) effect. The response of the shear stress for PM-ER fluid in alternate electric fields with triangle/square wave forms for different frequencies has been studied. The results show that the shear stress cannot well follow the rapid change of electric field and the average shear stresses of PM-ER fluids decrease with the increasing frequency of the applied field due to the response decay of the shear stress on applied field. The behavior is quite different from that of traditional ER fluids. However, the average shear stress of PM-ER fluid in a square wave electric field of ±E at low frequency can keep at high value. The obtained knowledge must be helpful for the design and operation of PM-ER fluids in the applications.     

Apparently Negative Electric Polarization in Shaped Graded Dielectric Materials

By using a first-principles approach, we investigate the pathway of electric displacement fields in shaped graded dielectric materials existing in the form of cloaks with various shapes. We reveal a type of apparently negative electric polarization （ANEP）, which is due to a symmetric oscillation of the paired electric permittivities, satisfying a sum rule. The ANEP does not occur for a spherical cloak, but appears up to maximum as a/b （the ratio between the long and short principal axis of the spheroidal cloak） is about 5/2, and eventually disappears as a/b becomes large enough corresponding to a rod-like shape. Further, the cloaking efficiency is calculated for different geometrical shapes and demonstrated to closely relate to the ANEP. The possibility of experiments is discussed. This work has relevance to dielectric shielding based on shaped graded dielectric materials.     

Influences of polarization effect and p-region doping concentration on the photocurrent response of solar-blind p–i–n avalanche photodiodes

The influences of polarization and p-region doping concentration on the photocurrent response of Al0.4Ga0.6N/Al0.4Ga0.6N/Al0.65Ga0.35N p–i–n avalanche photodetector are studied in a wide range of reverse bias voltages.The simulation results indicate that the photocurrent under high inverse bias voltage decreases with the increase of polarization effect,but increases rapidly with the increase of effective doping concentration in p-type region.These phenomena are analyzed based on the calculations of the intensity and distribution of the electric field.A high p-region doping concentration in the p–i–n avalanche photodetector is shown to be important for the efficient compensation for the detrimental polarization-induced electrostatic field.