Chemical synthesis and enzymatic assembly of fragments of the DNA coding immunodominant epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus

More than twenty 13- to 55-membered oligo(poly)nucleotides have been synthesized by the H-phosphonate solid-phase method in the manual variant using an original procedure. From the oligonucleotides obtained, seven DNA duplexes coding immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 proteins have been formed: 598–609 and 737–748 gp41, 91–115 and 105–115 gag, and 940–951 pol and a number of its mutants. The ligase assembly and polymerization of the DNA duplexes obtained has been carried out. The efficiency of ligation amounted to from 60 to 90%. The possibility of their directed polymerization was determined by the flanking of the duplexes by partially completed half-sites of restrictases BamHI and XhoI. Abbreviations adopted: HIV-1 — human immunodeficiency virus, type 1; (+)-chain — the coding chain — and (−)-chain the chain complementary to the coding chain of the DNA duplex; CPG — controlled-pore glass; PAAG — polyacrylamide gel; Py — pyridine.     

Insect pheromones and their analogs. XI. Synthesis of 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,6-dien-3-ol acetate — The sex attractant ofPseudococcus comstocki

A new synthesis of 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,6-dien-3-ol acetate (I) — the sex attractant of The Comstock mealybug — has been developed.Institute of Chemistry, Bashkir Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ufa. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 259–261, March–April, 1985.     

The change in the globulins during the development of cotton seeds

The biosynthesis of the 11S and 7S globulins — the main reserve proteins of cotton seeds — has been investigated. The periods at which the globulins appear in cotton seeds have been established. The changes in the amino acid composition and in the secondary structure of the 11S globulin during the ripening of cotton seeds have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 349–355, May–June, 1984.     

Insect pheromones and their analogs

Two methods of synthesizing -geranyl propionate — a component of the sex pheromone of San Jose scale — have been developed: the hydride reduction of the corresponding 6-chloro derivative and the electrochemical reduction of the 6-dimethylsulfonium derivative.For the preceding communication, see [1].Institute of Chemistry, Bashkir Scientific Center, Urals Division, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ufa. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 419–421, May–June, 1989.     

Isolation and purification of biopolymers by affinity chromatography. VI. Preparation and properties of an affinity adsorbent with a polysaccharide spacer for the purification of proteolytic enzymes

A new affinity sorbent has been synthesized — soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI)-amylopectin-hydrazidosuccinyl-Sepharose — and its properties have been studied in comparison with those of an analogous adsorbent without the spacer STI-Sepharose. The STI-amylopectin-hydrazidosuccinyl-Sepharose adsorbent has been used for the purification of trypsin from porcine pancreas and of callicrein from human blood plasma.For Communication V, see [1].Institute of Biological and Medicinal Chemistry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 556–560, July–August, 1980.     

Chemical investigation of biomass of a culture of ginseng cells III. Polysaccharides of a callus culture of ginseng

A water-soluble polysaccharide fraction has been isolated from a callus culture of ginseng with a yield of 16–20%. It has been shown that it included starch a and acidic polysaccharides — arabinogalactans and a xyloglucan.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Biochemical Machinery Design, USSR Ministry of the Medical Industry, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–772, November–December, 1989.     

Synthesis of the racemic sex pheromone of Pseudococcus comstocki

The synthesis of the acetate of 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol — the sex pheromone of the Comstock bug — has been carried out by condensing isobutenyllithium with 3,4-epoxy-2-methylbut-1-ene and acetylating the 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol formed. The overall yield of pheromone was 46%.N. D. Zelinski Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Biological Methods of Plant Protection, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 132–134, January–February, 1989.     

Synthesis of protected oligopeptides representing fragements of histone fraction HI

Summary Protected oligopeptides corresponding to sequences (31–40) of histone fraction HI of rabbit thymus and (34–41) of histone fraction HI of calf thymus and a number of their analogs have been synthesized.Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzhik SSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 87–93, January–February, 1977.     

X-ray structural investigation of alkaloids. II. Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (?)-pseudokopsinine

Summary By a complete x-ray structural investigation, the structural formula of (–)-pseudokopsinine has been refined and its absolute configuration has been determined.Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 197–206, March–April, 1976.     

Synthesis of triacontan-1-ol from dodecanedioic acid

A method has been developed for obtaining triacontan-l-ol — a natural plant growth stimulator. Synthesized triacontan-l-ol has an appreciable influence on the growth and crop yield of tomatoes and on the flowering of asters.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organometallic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 369–370, May–June, 1984.     

X-ray structural investigation of alkaloids. III. Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (+)-excelsine

Summary On the basis of a complete x-ray structural investigation, the structural formula of (+)-excelsine has been refined and its absolute configuration has been determined.Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 206–217, March–April, 1976.     

Glycosylation of cardenolides III. Partial syntheses of convallatoxin, evomonoside, and periplorhamnoside

Summary Partial syntheses of convallatoxin, evomonoside, and periplorhamnoside have been performed by the condensation of an acetlyated L-rhamnopyranose orthoacetate with the appropriate aglycones. The yields of the final product varied between 48 and 57%.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 58–60, January–February, 1976.     

Modification of DNA by photoactivable aryl azides

Features of the interaction with DNA of photoactivable aryl azides having various substituents in the aromatic ring have been studied. The nature of the interaction with DNA and the degree of its modification depend substantially on the nature of these substituents. The results obtained can be used for obtaining DNA probes bearing various marker groups.Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 259–263, March–April, 1989.     

Recent advances in the field of the synthesis of juvenile hormones

The review considers recent advances in the field of the synthesis of juvenile hormones — briefly with respect to fundamental investigations up to 1975, and in more detail in relation to studies of the last 8–10 years, including investigations by the authors.N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 133–146, March–April, 1986.     

The esterase and peptidase activities of an elastolytic enzyme of Actinomyces rimosus

Summary 1. It has been shown that the values of K_m for the esterase activity of elastase ofActinomyces rimosus and for pancreatic elastase are of the same order of magnitude.2. The elastase ofActinomyces rimosus, unlike the pancreatic enzyme, is capable of hydrolyzing only the methyl ester of N-acetyltrialanine, and not the mono and di derivatives.3. It has been found that in the initial stage of the hydrolysis reaction it is mainly the ester bonds that are cleaved.Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. N. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 693–695, September–October, 1977.     

Lipids and lipopolysaccharides of the genusFlavobacterium

The fatty acid compositions of the free lipids of three strains and the monosaccharide compositions of the lipopolysaccharides of four strains of new species of microorganisms of the genusFlavobacterium have been studied. The acidic nature of the polysaccharides of the LPSs of the microorganisms studied has been shown.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, and Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 564–567, September–October, 1986.     

C-10 dipertide derivatives of colchicine

The methyl esters of colchicidylglycyl-L-leucine, -L-phenylalanine, and-L-tryptophan and the ethyl esters of colchicidylglycylglycine, -L-isoleucine,-L-valine, -L-tyrosine, and -L-glutamic acid have been obtained by the condensation of colchicidylglycine and esters of amino acids. The structures of the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their UV spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 91–95, January–February, 1989.     

Crystal and molecular structure of the sesquiterpene humulane ester juniferdin

The spatial structure of the sesquiterpene humulane ester juniferdin, isolated fromFerula juniperina, has been established by the x-ray structural method. An analysis is given of the 11-membered humulane ring in comparison with the conformation observed in fexerol and juniferol.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinii, No. 4, pp. 494–499, July–August, 1991.     

Synthesis of (Z)-tetradec-11-en-1-ol and (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-ol from dodecane-1,12-diol

A method has been developed for obtaining (Z)tetradec-11-en-1-ol and (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-ol via dodec-11-yn-1-ol.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organometallic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 776–779, November–December, 1984.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 2e-diethylamino-3e,4e-dimethyl-5e-phenyl-2a-thio-1,3,2-oxazaphospholane

The results of an x-ray structural investigation of 2e-diethylamino-3e,4e-dimethyl-5e-phenyl-2a-thio-1,3,2-oxazaphospholane are discussed. It has been shown that the conformation of the 5-membered ring is that of a half-chair.Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry, Kazkh SSR Academy of Sciences, Karganda. A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 386–389, May–June, 1990.