Output beam drift and deformation in high-power COIL

During the operation of a chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) with an unstable resonator of a large Fresnel number, as the output power increases, an instability of the output laser beam will appear, behaving mainly as far-field beam spot drift and deformation. In order to interpret this phenomenon, thermal expansion analysis on the scraper with finite element analysis method and a simulation of the output beam mode of this kind of laser by the method of Fast Fourier Transform were developed. From the experimental measurement and the calculation, we proposed that the presence of the nonuniform temperature distribution of scraper causes the front surface of the scraper to tilt and bulge due to thermal expansion. As the output power is increasing, all the mirror surfaces, especially the scraper's, will absorb more and more heat, causing thermal expansion of the mirror front surface to occur more seriously, thus resulting in the tilting and deformation of the far-field beam spot. The initial misalignment of the direction is also an important factor leading to the far-field beam spot drift and deformation.     

氧碘化学激光器输出光斑漂移和变形研究

 通过对高能量密度氧碘化学激光器运行过程中存在的远场光斑漂移和变形实验现象的分析和测量,得出在高能量密度激光系统中谐振腔的各反射镜的同心度对远场输出光斑的漂移和变形影响很大。指出提高谐振腔内各反射镜在大气中的同心度及降低在激光系统抽真空过程中光腔盒的不稳定程度, 是显著降低激光远场输出光斑漂移和变形的有效途径。     

氧碘化学激光器谐振腔腔镜失调测量与研究

 为保证氧碘化学激光器谐振腔的腔镜失调测量结果的可靠性和准确性，建立了使用自准直仪间接测量腔镜失调的方法。测量结果表明，热辐射是引起腔镜失调并造成光束漂移的主要原因，通过采取措施，可以使腔镜失调明显减小。同时证明了该测量方法是可靠的、合理的。     

非均匀光斑导致相变镜镜面偏转的研究

 针对高功率激光器中非均匀光斑热致变形导致光轴偏转的问题，提出用相变致冷镜作为腔镜来减小镜面变形峰谷值和角向偏转，在2kW连续二氧化碳激光器上进行了热变形和光束漂移实验。实验表明，与普通实心硅镜相比，相变致冷镜镜面温度分布更均匀，可有效地减小镜面偏转角和光斑中心漂移，提高远场光束质量。     

高功率激光器的光谱合束技术研究北大核心CSCD

为了获得高功率激光束,提出利用双色镜对典型波长2种不同类型(脉冲、连续)的高能激光进行合束,以实现高功率高能量激光输出。通过对双色镜的热效应和合束光斑远场激光参数进行仿真分析计算,热效应仿真结果表明,在单束激光10 kW、光斑直径15 mm条件下,双色镜面型热形变量均方根值为0.004λ(λ=632.8 nm),满足光学元件面型小于0.03λ精度要求。搭建了一套基于双色镜的光谱合束系统,并分别进行了高功率连续激光与高功率连续激光、高功率连续激光与高能量脉冲激光的合束试验,合束效率高于95%。试验结果表明,光谱合束可有效应用于高能激光领域。     

强激光反射镜热畸变对光束传输特性的影响

 通过等效净吸收功率密度方法获取了强激光反射镜热畸变的干涉图像，提出了热畸变反射镜在平面波照射下近场波面畸变与远场光斑的计算方法，探讨了强激光远场光斑测试的一种新思路。定量分析结果表明，对单晶硅镜，在净吸收功率210W，光照时间为6s时，最大热畸变达到0.76μm，由此造成的近场波面Zernike离焦系数为0.32μm，x方向和y方向彗差分别为0.13μm和0.22μm， x方向倾斜系数上升到0.12μm，光束质量因子达5.7。     

高功率激光器抗失调谐振腔的实验研究

为简化高功率激光器谐振腔结构,提高激光谐振腔的稳定性,增加基模体积,改善光束质量,提出了两种新型激光谐振腔结构,分别是带角隅反射镜的激光谐振腔和直角内圆锥面反射镜激光谐振腔。使用高功率脉冲CO2激光器,研究了这两种激光谐振腔的输出特性和腔镜失调的关系,并结合平凹稳定腔,对三种激光谐振腔的抗失调稳定性进行了对比。实验结果表明,随着全反镜或平面输出镜失调角的增加,角隅腔激光器的单脉冲输出能量下降速度小于直角内圆锥面全反镜腔。两种新型谐振腔全反镜的抗失调稳定性都超过平面输出镜。角隅全反镜谐振腔和直角内圆锥面全反镜谐振腔的抗失调稳定性均大大超过平凹稳定腔。     

CW-COIL激光束漂移和光斑的诊断

 利用光斑动态分析仪测试技术，对连续波氧碘化学激光器输出的光束不稳定性进行定量诊断，其中包括光束的漂移、低频抖动、光强分布、光斑直径随时间的变化等内容，并初步分析了激光输出不稳定的原因。诊断的结果为激光器的稳定输出及激光—材料实验研究提供了依据。     

PID调节器在氧碘化学激光器谐振腔调腔中的应用

 通过对由比例（P）、积分（I）和微分（D）三个单元组成的PID调节器基本原理的介绍，指出合理设定PID调节器的参数是消除扰动的影响并实现腔镜快速、准确而稳定地移动的关键。实验结果表明，在调腔过程中应用PID技术，提高了静态时谐振腔各腔镜的同心度，而且在一定程度上保证了出光过程中谐振腔内各个腔镜的同心度，使得减小远场光斑的漂移和变形成为可能。     

Single-lobed Near Diffraction-limited Beam from 1W Laser Diode Array with an External Cavity

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Single-lobed Near Diffraction-limited Beam from 1W Laser Diode Array with an External Cavity

Abstract　An external cavity for the laser diode array with a conventional mirror in what we call two-time self-injection operation is presented. The external cavity consists of two lenses, a flat external mirror(EM) in the image plane of the array and a prism that is used as an output coupler. The single-lobed near diffraction-limited far field beam of a 1 W 10-stripe gain-guided LD array lies at 6.4°～9° with the external cavity operation in two-time self-injection mode, whereas at 2.5°～3.0° for its normal feedback operation. The width of the far field beam (FWHM) is 0.43° and 0.63° at driving current of 2 and 3.2 ×Ithr, respectively, much narrower than that in normal feedback operation, but at the expense of lower output power. The output of the system is very stable and insensitive to the tilt and position of the EM.     

长时热变形下硅反射镜的参量选择

 以硅反射镜材料为例,对长时热变形下镜面吸收率、镜夹持半径及激光功率等参量对氧碘化学激光输出光束特性的影响进行了研究,给出了参量选择范围。模拟计算结果表明:镜面吸收率是控制输出功率的关键因素之一,要保证在出光10 s内输出功率下降程度小于20%,吸收率应不超过3.0×10^-4。在四点夹持的情况下,镜面夹持半径大小与输出光束大小相关,当夹持半径与输出光束半径的比值大于1.40时,可以避免夹持过小造成的镜面边缘处发生畸变的现象。     

氧碘化学激光器束转动90度环形非稳腔空心光束输出研究

 主要描述了氧碘化学激光器束转动90°环形非稳腔（UR90）空心光束输出的腔结构及几何模式特点,实验中获得了在放大率M=1.695,激光平均输出功率4.0kW时,空心光束输出的激光光束质量为3.2倍衍射极限,同时对空心光束输出特性进行了分析。     

激光光斑漂移的检测

针对激光光斑漂移设计了一套光斑漂移检测系统。利用该系统实现了对He-Ne激光器出射光束漂移的检测。它采用CCD摄像头和图像采集卡采集激光器输出光斑，通过专门软件对数字图像进行处理，得出光斑漂移的大小；另外，利用几何光学方法得到了激光光束在X方向、Y方向以及空间立体角上的漂移大小。分析了引起光束漂移的原因。结果表明：He-Ne激光器出射光束的指向主要受温度、环境振动、空气扰动和激光器自身结构的影响。该系统能准确地测量出激光器出射光束的漂移大小，实现光束漂移的控制。     

Hybrid output mirror for optically pumped far infrared lasers

A hybrid metallic mesh multilayer dielectric coating mirror has been developed for use as an output mirror for optically pumped far infrared lasers. The metallic mesh provides a high reflectance in the far infrared while the multilayer dielectric coating is chosen to provide a maximum reflectivity at the pump wavelength (10 μm). This hybrid mirror has increased the output power of a CH₃F waveguide laser at 496 μm by a factor of 350 over that obtained with a hole coupling mirror. In addition, this mirror results in a far infrared output beam which has a minimum angular divergence limited only by the particular oscillating transverse waveguide mode (the EH₁₁ mode for this experiment).     

圆形高斯镜平凹腔腔镜变形时激光模场分析

把圆形高斯镜平凹腔自再现模的衍射积分方程转化为有限阶的矩阵方程,在平面输出镜呈高斯分布的镜面变形时,数值计算了激光场模式的场强、相位分布和模式本征值。结果表明,当变形量较小时,随着变形量的增加,镜面上光场的分布范围增大,也就说明模体积增大,但镜面光场仍保持拉盖尔-高斯光束基模特征,相位由平面慢慢变得凸起,远场分布变化不明显。当变形量较大时,光场分布开始发生畸变。从模式本征值的变化看,在一定的变形范围内,本征值下降不多,说明较小的变形量对激光损耗影响不大,仍能使激光较稳定输出。在圆形高斯镜平凹腔输出镜发生不大的高斯状变形的情况下,仍有维持输出高质量激光束的能力。     

氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应

 发现和分析了氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应。碘注入的不均匀等导致增益在该方向的不均匀。采用预混模型和Fabry Perot腔模型，推导了碘不均匀分布情况下的单重态氧的产额和激光束横向分布的解析表达式。计算结果表明，由于增益光导效应，引起激光横向分布的变化，可导致光束在碘注入方向的倾斜，以及输出功率的下降。     

Periodic adjustment of the position of a laser beam spot on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror in a passively mode-locked solid-state laser

A laser diode end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO₄ solid-state laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), in which the intracavity laser beam spot on the SESAM can be adjusted periodically, is investigated. Inserting a rectangular prism (RP) into the laser cavity is a promising approach towards the goal of periodically moving the position of the focus spot of the intracavity pulse on the SESAM surface to avoid the long-time irradiation of the laser beam on the same position, thereby solving a series of problems caused by damage to the SESAM and greatly prolonging its usage life. The adjustment of the rectangular prism in the laser cavity does not break the stable continuous wave (CW) mode-locked condition. The laser generates a stable picosecond pulse sequence at 1064 nm with an output power of 3.6 W and a pulse width of 14 ps. The instabilities of the output power and the pulse width are 1.77% and 4.5%, respectively.     

输出环状光束的新型激光谐振腔

提出一种输出环状光束的新型激光谐振腔,即在稳定激光谐振腔中采用外环耦合方式得到环状光束的输出。利用For-Li数值迭代算法求解此类激光谐振腔的积分方程,通过计算机编程计算了平面一凹球面稳定谐振腔的输出端平面镜在不同半径的情况下,谐振腔镜面上和衍射耦合输出场基模的振幅和相位分布。计算结果预示了当输出端平面镜半径小于通常的稳定腔的基模半径时,衍射耦合输出场有稳定的环状光束输出。实验中TEA CO2激光器采用印刷电路板预电离结构,增益长度90cm,腔长5m,球面全反射镜曲率半径20m,输出端平面镜半径4．5mm,得到了内环半径为4．5mm、外环半径为5．5mm的基模环形光斑输出。从而在理论上和实验上证实了该方案产生环状光束的可行性。     

具有均匀相位耦合输出镜非稳腔的模场分析

 利用Prony[1]方法计算均匀相位输出耦合镜非稳腔的输出模场分布及远场方向性,分析了模式分辨率和光束远场发散角与系统各参数之间的关系, 理论计算得到的结果表明,可以在小放大倍率（M=1.3）情况下得到质量达到衍射极限的输出光束,与传统非稳腔比较,这种新型的谐振腔在改善氧碘化学激光器光束质量方面有一定的应用前景。