Two-Dimensional Talbot Effect with Atomic Density Gratings

We report the experimental observation of two-dimensional Talbot effect when a resonance plane wave interacts with a two-dimensional atomic density grating generated by standing wave manipulation of ultracold Bose gases.Clear self-images of the grating and sub-images with reversed phase or fractal patterns are observed. By calculating the autocorrelation functions of the images, the behavior of periodic Talbot images is studied. The Talbot effect with two-dimensional atomic density grating expands the applications of the Talbot effect in a wide variety of research fields.     

Density Correlations in the Two-Dimensional Coulomb Gas

We consider a two-dimensional Coulomb gas of positive and negative pointlike unit charges interacting via a logarithmic potential. The density (rather than the charge) correlation functions are studied. In the bulk, the form-factor theory of an equivalent sine-Gordon model is used to determine the density correlation length. At the surface of a rectilinear plain wall, the universality of the asymptotic behavior of the density correlations is suggested. A scaling analysis implies a local form of the compressibility sum rule near a hard wall. A symmetry of the Coulomb system with respect to the Möbius conformal transformation, which induces a gravitational source acting on the particle density, is established. Among the consequences, a universal term of the finite-size expansion of the grand potential is derived exactly for a disk geometry of the confining domain.     

等离子体二维密度重建的影响因素

利用超强超短激光脉冲产生的高能质子束的库仑能量损失可以重建稠密等离子体的二维密度分布,使用同时迭代重建算法（SIRT算法）研究等离子体二维密度重建的影响因素.研究等离子体密度梯度、密度量级和质子束入射能量对重建误差的影响,分析质子束成像探测等离子体密度之前获得等离子体大概方位的重要性,通过数据拟合确定了能量噪声和重建误差之间的解析关系式.     

Two-Dimensional Light Bullets in a Medium with Inhomogeneous Density of Carbon Nanotubes

Physics of the Solid State - The theoretical problem of propagation dynamics of ultrashort optical pulses (light bullets) in a medium with inhomogeneous density of carbon nanotubes is considered....     

Transverse Thermomagnetic Effect in the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas of Surface Semiconductor Superlattice

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The surface current density of charge carriers in two-dimensional doubly periodic n-type semiconductor superlattices in an external magnetic field...     

圆柱形散射子二维光子晶体的态密度与局域态密度

二维光子晶体只有赝带隙,因此能否利用二维光子晶体有效控制原子自发辐射是令人感兴趣也是有实际意义的问题。其中最重要的因素是态密度和局域态密度的性质。采用平面波展开结合晶体群论的方法计算了二维正方格子光子晶体的态密度和局域态密度。其中散射子为空气圆柱,放置在均匀的电介质背景上。结果显示两个特点:第一,总态密度和局域态密度在原来二维光子晶体赝带隙处虽然已经不为零,但是取值明显低于赝带隙范围之外的值,即存在一个准光子带隙。第二,局域态密度在空气散射子界面处发生突变,空气散射子区域的局域态密度相对较大,这可由电位移矢量的连续性来理解。由于这两个特点在其他二维光子晶体中也被发现过,它们可能是普遍存在的。     

Jamming of Granular Flow in a Two-Dimensional Hopper

We study experimentally the jamming phenomenon of granular flow of monodisperse disks of D = 5 mm diameter in a two-dimensional hopper with opening R. The jamming probability J(d) is measured where d identical withR/D. We found that J(d) decreases from 1 to zero when d increases from 2 to 5. From observing the disk configurations of the arch in the jamming events, the jamming probability can be explained quantitatively by treating the arch as the trajectory of a restricted random walker.     

Collective Transverse Flow in Intermediate Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions

Within the hadronic transport model IBUU04, we study the density-dependent symmetry energy by using the neutron-proton differential flow from the 132Sn＋124Sn reactions at beam energies of 200, 400, 600 and 800MeV per nucleon. The strong effect of the symmetry energy is shown at the incident beam energy of 400MeV/A. The small medium-effect of the neutron-proton differential flow is also found. We also study the neutron-proton differential flows with impact parameters of 3, 5, 7fm. It is found that in semi-central collisions the sensitivity of the neutron-proton differential flow to the symmetry energy is larger.     

二维粗糙海面的光散射及其红外成像

首先根据JONSWAP海面功率谱模型数值模拟出二维粗糙海面，采用几何光学近拟与基尔霍夫（Kirchhoff）标量近似计算了二维海面的光散射，计算中将每一面元看成一具有微粗糙度的粗糙面而不是近似地当作平面，并利用投影法与射线追踪法数值计算了一定入射角和散射角下的遮挡函数，有效地提高了海面光散射计算的精确性。最后利用太阳光的光谱辐照度数值模拟了海面的3μm-5μm红外散射图像，对于红外探测器抑制海面反射太阳光造成的亮带干扰具有一定的参考价值。     

Multiple Solutions of Laminar Flow in Channels with a Transverse Magnetic Field

We present a numerical investigation for steady laminar flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid through a channel of a rectangular cross-section with a transverse magnetic field and suction or injection wails. Multiple solutions are presented for values of suction Reynolds number R and velocity coefficients of accelerating walls. Additionally, the associated transfer characteristics are discussed in detail.     

Current Density Profile Measurements in the Proto-Cleo Torsatron

Current density profile measurements were obtained in the Proto-Cleo torsatron (R = 40 cm, a = 5 cm, I = 3, BT = 3 kG, n? ~ 1011 cm-3, Te ~ 20 eV) by using a small back-to-back flat double probe. Three different operating circuits used with this probe are presented, along with experimental results, all showing good agreement. Current is seen to flow only within the separatrix, in channels which follow the magnetic surfaces as they move radially inward with time due to changing vertical magnetic flux.     

高能重离子碰撞中的横向非对称流

对末态粒子方位角分布的研究可以获得反应中有关横向非对称流的信息.研究了碰撞中侧向流与椭圆流间的方位角关联,给出了一种定量测量反应中椭圆流大小的方法,该方法的计算结果可以有效地消除估计反应平面离散的影响.     

Current Fluctuations in One Dimensional Diffusive Systems with a Step Initial Density Profile

We show how to apply the macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) of Bertini, De Sole, Gabrielli, Jona-Lasinio, and Landim to study the current fluctuations of diffusive systems with a step initial condition. We argue that one has to distinguish between two ways of averaging (the annealed and the quenched cases) depending on whether we let the initial condition fluctuate or not. Although the initial condition is not a steady state, the distribution of the current satisfies a symmetry very reminiscent of the fluctuation theorem. We show how the equations of the MFT can be solved in the case of non-interacting particles. The symmetry of these equations can be used to deduce the distribution of the current for several other models, from its knowledge (Derrida and Gerschenfeld in J. Stat. Phys. 136, 1–15, 2009) for the symmetric simple exclusion process. In the range where the integrated current $Q_{t}\sim\sqrt{t}$ , we show that the non-Gaussian decay exp?[?Q _t ³ /t] of the distribution of Q _t is generic.     

Exact Calculation of Local Density of States in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

An exact calculation method of local density of states （LDOS） in two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystals （PCs） is presented. In order to calculate the LDOS, the eigen-equation of magnetic field is first solved by the plane-wave expansion method, then the eigen-modes of electric-field are obtained. There are two different ways to solve the eigen-equantion of magnetic field and three different ways to obtain the eigen-modes of the electric-field. In comparison of the numerical results from these different ways, an exact and fast method for calculating the LDOS in PCs is found. With use of this method, we investigate the LDOS of the 2D PCs consisting of a triangular lattice of cylinders. The results show the large LDOS is favorable to reside in higher dielectric-constant medium in high frequency region, rather than in lower dielectric-constant medium.     

Flow and Heat Transfer in Rough Micro Steel Tubes

Abstract

This article investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro steel tubes with inner diameters of 168 μm, 399 μm and relative roughness of 3.5% and 2.7%, respectively, by measuring the friction factors and the Nusselt number from laminar state to transitional state. Experiments show that the experimental Nusselt numbers are less than those predicted by the classical laminar correlation due to the effect of the variation of the thermophysical properties with temperature when Reynolds number is low. As the Reynolds number is higher than 800, the experimental Nusselt number are 25–50% higher than the predictions of the classical laminar and transitional correlations due to the effects of the roughness and the entrance length. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs at the Reynolds number of 1,100–1,500.     

蒸汽-水冷凝泡状流含气率分布

以双流体模型为基础,将前人实验得到的相界面浓度,相界面传热系数,气泡上升速度计算式引入双流体模型用来预测冷凝泡状流沿流动方向的含气率分布。模型预测结果与实验数据的比较结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟蒸汽-水冷凝泡状流含气率沿流动方向分布。     

高超声速可压缩流中粗糙壁热流研究

用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟和理论方法对高超声速可压缩湍流中粗糙壁面热增量进行研究. 着重考虑粗糙单元密度和粗糙单元形状对粗糙表面热流的影响. 结果表明： ①粗糙单元密度变化时, CFD数值方法计算所得的粗糙单元等效热流随着粗糙单元密度的降低而增加, 理论方法预测结果的规律随方法不同而不同;②在相同粗糙单元密度和高度时,如果粗糙单元形状改变,CFD计算结果也随之发生改变. 理论预测方法所得结果不发生变化.     

相对论重离子碰撞中集合流的横向运动关联

本文对1.2AGeV Ar+BaI₂和2.1 AGeV Ne+NaF碰撞的Bevalac流光室4π实验数据进行了集合流横向运动关联特性的研究.研究表明,末态粒子的横向运动不仅存在粒子分布的方位角关联,而且还存在横向动量模的关联;Ar+BaI₂碰撞实验中粒子分布的方位角关联、横向动量模关联和横向运动关联都分别强于Ne+NaF碰撞实验中相对应的各种关联;对于这两组碰撞实验,粒子分布的方位角关联相对横向动量模关联在横向运动关联中起着主要作用.