核磁共振技术在保健食品非目标成分分析中的应用

采用二维扩散排序谱(2D-DOSY)和脉冲宽度(PULCON)定量等多种核磁共振(NMR)技术,对具有减肥功效的保健食品中主要成分进行了定性、定量研究。采用布鲁克AvanceⅢ600 MHz超导核磁共振波谱仪,以氘代丙酮为溶剂,对待测物进行了核磁检测。2D-DOSY表明该保健食品中含有3种主要化学成分,结合多种NMR技术对3个化合物进行了结构解析,归属了其所有的NMR谱信号,确定样品的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、褪黑素和奥美拉唑。最后采用PULCON定量技术测得3种成分的绝对含量分别为16.65、5.38、46.35 mg/g。测定结果与HPLC定量结果的对比表明,核磁共振方法能够在无对照品作参比,无需分离的条件下,直接、快速、准确分析保健食品中非目标成分的物质组成和绝对含量。     

加兰他敏的半合成研究

加兰他敏提取工艺中的主要副产品——力可拉敏的药用价值明显低于加兰他敏, 为提高力可拉敏的利用价值, 在催化剂存在下脱氢制取加兰他敏. 以力可拉敏为原料, 分别考察了反应时间、温度和催化剂用量对反应的影响, 得出在9%镧镍稀土合金催化剂存在下, 240 ℃时选择性脱氢, 半合成加兰他敏, 收率达45.9%, 光学纯度为97%. 计算该反应在反应前10 min内的表观活化能为77.25 kJ/mol, 属化学反应控制过程. 产物用HPLC, IR, MS, ¹H NMR和¹³C NMR进行定性及结构表征.     

电喷雾质谱对洗发水中多种表面活性剂的快速分析

利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术（ESIMS）快速鉴定了洗发水中的常用表面活性剂。在流动注射进样方式下,鉴定出所测试洗发水中含有2种主要表面活性剂：烷基单乙醇酰胺（CMEA）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚硫酸钠（SLES·nEO）。进一步通过高效液相色谱与质谱联用（HPLC—MS）利用ESI^＋和ESI^-之间的切换完成对不同类型表面活性剂的定量检测,测定出该洗发水中CMEA的使用量为1．198％（质量分数）,与实际添加量1．2％非常吻合。运用HPLC—MS对SLES·nEO在洗发水中的种类结构进行了鉴定。     

手性高烯丙基胺的合成及表征——一个微量不对称合成教学实验

描述了一个以立体化学中非对映选择性为知识重点,以无水无氧操作为操作重点的微量不对称合成实验。(R)-N-叔丁基亚磺酰亚胺在无水无氧环境中,经过锌参与的烯丙基化,在不同的溶剂、添加剂条件下以不同的选择性得到了一对非对映异构体,以较高的产率得到终产物。烷基化反应产物的非对映体比率(dr)通过1H与19F NMR以及手性HPLC确定。总体来说,这一实验所用试剂易得,反应条件温和,速率快,产率高;学生在学习无水无氧操作(Schlenk技术)的同时,还能够熟悉立体化学的基本概念,了解如何通过调节反应溶剂和添加剂实现立体化学结果的逆转,并掌握使用手性HPLC和NMR确定光学活性物质的dr值的方法。     

5(6)-羧基荧光素标记2′-脱氧尿苷的合成

以5-碘-2'-脱氧尿嘧啶为起始原料, 5(6)-羧基荧光素为荧光标记物, 经6步反应合成了5(6)-羧基荧光素标记的2′-脱氧尿苷, 并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC), ¹H NMR和¹³C NMR对目标化合物的纯度和结构进行了表征.     

1-丁烯齐聚反应——Ⅵ.羧酸镍/乙基氯化铝催化体系活性物种的测定

本文利用羧酸镍/乙基氯化铝催化体系催化1-丁烯齐聚反应,用核磁共振和红外光谱技术测定了该体系的催化活性物种。对2-乙基已酸镍/倍半乙基氯化铝体系,在~1H—NMR谱上,于—30.2——33.5 ppm处出现一组信号。对2-乙基己酸镍/乙基二氯化铝体系,在~1H—NMR谱上,分别于-30.2和-34.4ppm处出现信号,在IR谱上,在1955.7cm~(-1)处出现吸收峰。确证具有催化活性的物种为镍氢配合物。     

一种合成2-硝亚胺基-5-硝基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪(NNHT)的新方法

主要研究了合成2-硝亚胺基-5-硝基-六氢化-1,3,5一三嗪(NNHT)的新方法.该方法以硝基胍、乌洛托品、浓盐酸为原料,第一步通过成环反应生成中间产物NIHT·HCI,第二步通过硝化中间产物生成目标产物NNHT;中间产物的收率可达到78.3%,目标产物的总收率可达到64.3%以上.同时对影响反应的各种因素进行了分析讨论,如反应温度、反应时间、硝化条件等.利用傅立叶变换红外光%(FT-IR),氢核磁(1H NMR)、碳核磁(13C NMR)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、元素分析等方法对目标产物进行了表征,确定为目标产物.     

一个简易的2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的合成方法

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(DADNP-1-O)的一个简易合成方法. 该方法是以2,6-二氨基吡啶(DAP)为原料, 利用两步法得到高纯度高产率的2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶, 再在三氟乙酸和双氧水作用下进行N-氧化反应得到DADNP-1-O, 总收率在90%以上, 并对主要反应影响因素进行了讨论, 经傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT2IR), 氢核磁(1H NMR), 碳核磁(13C NMR), 高效液相色谱(HPLC), 元素分析, DSC等方法对中间体和DADNP-1-O结构进行了表征.     

β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷的合成

β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷为重要的医药中间体。以2’-脱氧-L-核糖和胞嘧啶为起始原料，通过甲苷化、酯化、氯代、水解脱保护基等步骤，以49.7%的收率合成了β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷，HPLC纯度达99.9%。产物结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS确证。      

用脉冲梯度场核磁共振技术研究乙醇-水混合液在壳聚糖渗透汽化膜中的自扩散过程

用脉冲梯度场核磁共振技术(PFG—NMR)研究了水、乙醇和乙醇一水混合液在硫酸交联的壳聚糖渗透汽化膜和未交联的壳聚糖渗透汽化膜中的自扩散过程,得到了乙醇和水的溶解度和自扩散系数,阐述了水和乙醇透过壳聚糖膜的机理;实验结果表明：水和乙醇是分别由两种不同类型的扩散通道透过膜的;水是由亲水性的离子化通道扩散透过膜,而乙醇是由亲油性的高分子无定形区扩散透过膜;PFG—NMR方法所得到的结果与渗透汽化实验所得到的结果完全一致。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。