ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的影响研究进展

回顾了最近几年我国学者在ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水影响方面的研究成果,通过夏季风时降水的影响分析ENSO对夏季降水的作用,结合1997-1998年的ENSO现象,对前人的理论和统计结果进行了讨论,指出除了ENSO发生的时间、区域、强度外,其增长和衰减率在这一问题的研究中也值得关注。     

云南夏季风演变诊断分析

利用“三角形方法”,分别对云南西部、中部和东部３个三角形区域的水汽通量散度,假相当位温,垂直速度等物理量进行诊断分析,发现１９８０年夏季云南先后受到东亚季风和印度季风的影响．其中,东亚季风首先影响东部地区;之后,印度季风爆发,并影响西部、中部和东部地区,其影响范围和强度都超过了东亚季风;而东部受到两个季风系统的影响,是两种季风的交汇之处．     

南亚夏季风爆发前后流场的演变特征

为研究南亚夏季风爆发前后流场的演变特征,利用诊断分析方法,对影响季风爆发的因子作了分析.结果表明,南亚季风的爆发与高层青藏高压的西进北抬、中层的爆发性涡旋的生成和低层索马里急流的加强密切有关.在季风爆发正常年份,青藏高压活动表现为北抬--西进--北抬形态,季风爆发前其西进明显.季风爆发偏晚时索马里急流的经向输送比爆发偏早时的要强.在季风爆发前,大多数年份在印度次大陆西海岸对流层中层有爆发性涡旋生成.     

The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

The transition from the winter monsoon to summer monsoon is characterized by the abrupt change of the atmospheric circulation. Although many studies on the intraseasonal variation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) have been made, there are controversial v…     

南亚夏季风爆发前后高度场温湿场的演变特征

利用诊断分析方法,研究南亚夏季风爆发前后高度场、温湿场的演变特征。结果发现夏季风的爆发与南亚高压、马斯克林高压、南美洲大陆上的高压以及巴哈马群岛附近海域上的高压密切相关。季风爆发前后,印度次大陆上高度场在垂直方向发生了反相变化,低层减弱,高层加强,这使得垂直对流发展加强。南亚夏季风爆发前后在印度次大陆及其西岸各层上湿度均急剧增大。表明随着南亚夏季风的爆发,全球温度场、高度场、湿度场都发生了重大调整,南亚夏季风的爆发是全球环流形势调整的一环。     

西南印度洋海温异常影响亚洲夏季风爆发的数值试验

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所的9层大气环流模式(IAP9—AGCMⅡ)作了西南印度洋海温月异常对亚洲夏季风爆发影响的数值试验。试验结果表明,当该海域1—3月份的海温出现异常增暖时,印度夏季风和东亚夏季风的爆发均较平常晚,反之,二者的建立均较平常早;该海域1—3月份的海温异常对亚洲季风区的降水也有明显的影响。     

东亚和南亚夏季风气候特征分析

利用１９８２～１９９６年的ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料对东亚地区和南亚地区夏季风的气候特征进行了分析．结果表明：①东亚地区夏季风环流圈的建立比南亚地区夏季风环流圈的建立大约早５个候．②东亚地区低层西风存在２次持续加强过程,而南亚地区低层西风的加强则无明显的阶段性．③西南风首先于４月第４候出现在２５°Ｎ,５月第４候向北推到７５～１２５°Ｎ,于６月第３候影响到３０°Ｎ．２２５°Ｎ以北西南风减弱南撤迅速,以南则减弱南撤缓慢．６～９月间,整个东亚和南亚夏季风区存在明显的波动．④积云对流区在东亚地区的主要特征表现为５月４候的突变,而在南亚地区的主要特征则表现在６月３候的突变．即ＯＬＲ场的变化与东亚和南亚夏季风的进退有密切关系,但积云对流的演变特征的体现比流场特征的体现似乎约迟１候     

Decadal change of the East Asian summer monsoon and its related surface temperature in Asia-Pacific during 1880–2004

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its related change of surface temperature in the past century were not clearly ad- dressed due to absence of atmospheric reanalysis data before 1948. On the benchmark of station-observed sea level pressure （SLP） in China, we utilized multiple SLP datasets and evaluated their qualities in measuring the SLP-based EASM index （EASMI）. It is found that the EASMI based on the SLP of the Hadley center version 2 （HadSLP2） has shown the best performance on the inter- annual and decadal time scales. Instead of showing a linear weakening trend pointed out by the previous study, the EASMI has likely exhibited the decadal variability, characterized by weakened trends during 1880-1906, 1921-1936, and 1960-2004, and with enhanced trends during 1906-1921 and 1936-1960, respectively. Corresponding to the weakened and enhanced periods of EASMI since the 1920s, the surface air temperature （SAT） index （SATI） averaged in eastern China has likely shown a warming and a cooling trend, respectively. However, the decadal abrupt transitions between the two indices do not occur concurrently, which results in a weak correlation between two indices on the decadal time scale. Further analysis indicates that there are four key regions where the SAT is significantly correlated with the EASMI, suggesting the joint impact of surface temperature in Asia-Pacific on the EASM during 1880-2004. In which, the decadal change of SAT near the Lake Baikal plays an important role in the linear trends of the EASM before and after 1960.     

The spring soil moisture and the summer rainfall in eastern China

The relation between the soil moisture in spring and the rainfall in summer in eastern China is investi- gated. Results show that the summer rainfall in eastern China is closely related to the spring soil moisture in the area from North China to the lower reaches of Yangtze River (NCYR). When spring soil moisture anomalies over NCYR are positive, the summer precipitation exhibits positive anomalies in Northeast China and the lower reaches of Yangtze River, and negative anomalies in southern China and North China. The higher soil moisture over NCYR cools land surface and reduces the land-sea tem- perature gradient, which weakens East Asian summer monsoon. The western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is located to the south and shifts westward, resulting in more rainfall in the lower reaches of Yangtze River and less in southern China and North China.     

南海夏季风活动激发的大气遥相关型

北半球夏季,南海地区是全球大气热状况变化最为激烈的区域之一,而南海夏季风则是该地区最为活跃的天气事件,它的演变必将导致其它地区大气环流的响应．通过相关计算、合成分析等手段,揭示与南海夏季风活动相关联的北半球大气遥相关型的存在．该波列状的遥相关型与东亚地区相连,经北太平洋延伸至北美西岸．最高的相关位于西太平洋副热带高压区域,因而它可能对我国旱涝天气产生重要影响．     

云南夏半年低层风场分析

本文对1985～1987年夏半年云南的低层风场进行了分析,分析了其盛行风向,季节转换和性质特征等几方面的问题。并对1987年严重干旱现象提出了这一年低层风场异常是造成灾害的重要原因。     

Decadal variation of different durations of continuous Meiyu precipitation and the possible cause

The features of the decadal evolution of different durations of continuous Meiyu precipitation and their possible cause from the viewpoint of the low-level intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) are examined in this study. It is found that the total frequency of Meiyu precipitation events of certain duration gradually decreases as the duration of the events increases,and the main center of the events moves from the northern Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley(YHRV) to the southern YHRV. The linear trends of different durations of continuous Meiyu precipitation indicate that longer-duration precipitation has become significantly less frequent since 2000,while 2-day and 3-4-day continuous precipitation processes have become more frequent. At the same time,a close relationship between the variation in the low-level ISO and the decadal evolution of frequency of longer-duration Meiyu precipitation is detected. Clearly,since 2000,the low-level ISO has significantly decreased,and a single peak of longer-duration events has been replaced by several peaks of shorter-duration events,which has resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of longer-duration precipitation. Meanwhile,low-level baroclinicity increased(decreased) during each period,which is in accordance with the increasing(decreasing) frequency of longer-duration precipitation. It is confirmed that longer-duration precipitation has significantly decreased in recent years.