最大气泡法测溶液表面张力的改进

用最大气泡法测定不同浓度正丁醇水溶液的表面张力是许多高校开设的物理化学实验之一。该实验要求毛细管底端与待测液面相切 ,操作比较困难 ,而且结果处理比较麻烦 ,且易引入人为误差。本文对该实验进行了改进     

最大气泡压力法测表面张力实验数据处理的改进

最大气泡压力法测溶液表面张力的实验是许多高校开设的物理化学经典实验。实验的操作并不复杂,但教材或讲义所用的数据处理方法有些却比较复杂,而且人为引入的误差较大。本文运用MATLAB软件,用两种拟合方法对实验数据的处理方法进行了改进。     

表面张力与溶液浓度函数关系的拟合

在表面活性剂溶液物理化学性质的研究中,经常涉及到溶液表面张力γ与溶液中表面活性剂浓度 C 的对应函数关系问题。比如,在利用 Gibbs 吸附公式:     

最大气泡压力法测表面张力等温线教学实验的试剂选择*

回顾了国内最大气泡压力法测定溶液表面张力等温线教学实验历年的设计与改进。比较了乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、3-甲基丁酸、正戊酸、正己酸、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、1, 2-丙二醇、吐温20、吐温80、十二烷基硫酸钠等17种常用试剂在25 ℃下的表面张力等温线,及部分试剂在15,20,25,35 ℃下的表面张力等温线,指出正丁醇、异丙醇、丙醇是较为理想的教学实验备选试剂。     

电解质溶液活度系数测定实验的改进

用电动势法测定AgNO3稀溶液的离子平均活度系数(γ±),操作简单、方便,且由于AgNO3是1-1价型电解质,其稀溶液的lgγ±-I曲线与Debye-H櫣ckel极限公式所预期的结果比较接近。将实验结果与文献值比较,有较好的准确度。     

凝固点降低法测定分子量实验的改进

凝固点降低法测分子量实验是物理化学和无机化学实验教学中的经典实验,目前教科书中本实验装置如图1所示,在整个实验过程中,需要手动搅拌使体系温度均匀。由于是手动,在操作过程中,不可避免造成搅拌棒与温度计的摩擦,可使温度计产生0.03℃左右的波动,这已超出了温度绝对误...     

溶液表面吸附实验数据的计算机非线性拟合法处理

通过Gibbs公式与Langmuir等温式的结合 ,对溶液表面吸附实验进行数据处理 ,得到两组分稀溶液表面张力σ与溶液浓度c关系式。用计算机进行非线性函数拟合代替传统的作图、作切线、再直线拟合的方法。该方法具有简单快捷、拟合参数能直接反映实验数据质量的特点     

表面活性剂溶液动态表面张力及吸附动力学研究

本文简介了动态表面张力的定义、测定方法及吸附动力学,对非离子、阴离子、阳离子及两性表面活性剂溶液动态表面张力的研究情况进行了总结,重点讨论了浓度、温度、添加剂及化学结构因素对动态表面张力的影响.     

Surface Tension of Ternary Solutions

A theory of the surface tension of ternary solutions is presented. It assumes different molecular sizes of individual components of the solution and takes into account intermolecular interactions both at the surface and in the bulk. The influence of these interactions on the surface tension behavior including the surface buffering effect and the surface phase transition is discussed. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Study of the Surface Tension of the Aqueous Solutions of Dodecylamidoethyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride

The dynamic and equilibrium surface tensions of aqueous dodecylamidoethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride solutions of various concentrations at 16, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C are studied for the first time. The effects of the concentration and temperature on the surface tension relaxation are discussed. The possibility of two-dimensional phase transition and its effect on the dynamic behavior of surface tension are considered.     

二乙醇胺-N-甲基二乙醇胺-水溶液表面张力实验研究

用ZBY-1全自动表面张力仪测定了288～333 K温度范围内, 二乙醇胺(Diethanolamine, DEA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(N-methyldiethanolamine, MDEA)及其混合水溶液的表面张力, 并分析了混合溶液的表面熵和表面焓等热力学性质与醇胺浓度的关系.     

表面活性剂溶液的动表面张力研究

用振荡射流法分别测定了不同温度下全氟辛酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、二聚氯乙烯正辛醇醚溶液(浓度低于CMC)的动表面张力,讨论了它们的表面吸附动力学,研究结果表明都是扩散控制。     

DEA-CO2水溶液的表面张力研究

用全自动表面张力仪测定了293.15～323.15 K温度范围内,具有不同CO2载荷的二乙醇胺(Diethanolamine,DEA)水溶液的表面张力,提出了适宜表达DEA-CO2水溶液表面张力的热力学模型,计算结果与实验值吻合良好.在实验测定和理论计算的基础上,阐明了温度、DEA浓度和CO2载荷对DEA-CO2水溶液表面张力的影响规律.     

表面张力对PEO稀溶液粘度行为的影响

测定了不同分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在水和苯溶剂中的粘度,发现在低浓度区PEO水溶液的比浓粘度出现负偏离, PEO苯溶液比浓粘度与浓度之间依旧满足线性关系.表面张力测定结果表明, PEO分子显著降低了水的表面张力,而苯的表面张力则不受影响.PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的不同干扰了高分子溶液和溶剂在粘度计中流过时间的测量,导致低浓度区PEO水溶液比浓粘度出现负偏离.利用PEO水溶液和水表面张力测定结果,结合乌式粘度计的几何尺寸,定量分析了PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的差异对粘度测量结果的影响,计算结果与实验结果基本相符.如果用PEO水溶液流过时间对浓度作图的外推值t0*计算相对粘度,可以完全消除PEO水溶液和水表面张力差异对粘度测量的影响.     

Dynamic Surface Tension and Adsorption Kinetics of Sodium Lignosulfonate Aqueous Solutions

In the article, the dynamic surface tension of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) aqueous solutions are investigated using an axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile method. The data are analyzed by the Langmuir, Frumkin, modified Frumkin, and modified Flory-Huggins equations. The results indicate that the Langmuir model's results with two adjustable parameters are comparable to that of other models with three or four adjustable parameters. Based on the simplicity of simulation, the Langmuir adsorption equation is used to correlate the dynamic adsorption processing. The aggregation between SL molecules and the variation of adsorption configuration are proposed to interpret the results of dynamic surface tension.      

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Surface Tension in Liquid Ag–Cu–Sn Alloys

Summary. The surface tension in the ternary Ag–Cu–Sn system in a wide composition and temperature range has been determined experimentally. Besides, the surface tension of the investigated alloys has been modeled using the theoretical approach of Butler. The measured and the calculated absolute values of the surface tension are compared and analyzed.     

Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Deoxycholate and Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: Dynamic Surface Tension Measurements

Interfacial tension changes and interaction between sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and a nonionic polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were studied by the Wilhelmy plate method. The concentration of HPMC was fixed at 8x10(-5), 2x10(-4), and 1x10(-3)% (w/v) while DOC ranged form 0 to 8x10(-2) M, i.e., concentrations below and above the critical micellar concentration (cmc) for DOC. Emphasis was placed on the highly diluted solutions of the polymer in order to lessen possible contributions of the effects of the bulk phase on the observed surface behavior. The dynamics of the surface tension was investigated in the presence and absence of DOC. The kinetics of the interfacial tension changes were explained in terms of adsorption of the polymer molecules and conformational changes of already adsorbed molecules at the interface. The molecules above a critical DOC aggregation concentration (cac) formed clusters, which was evidenced by these surface tension measurements. A synergism in surface activity was observed below that cac. The cmc of DOC remained unchanged by the presence of HPMC. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.