肝靶向纳米给药系统的最新研究进展

肝脏疾病是威胁人类生命健康的重要疾病之一,对肝脏疾病检测及治疗方法的研究也引起人们的极大重视。靶向药物递送系统(TDDS)可将药物选择性地输送到靶点组织,从而提高药物的生物利用率并降低毒副作用,已引起了研究者的广泛关注。近年来,越来越多的研究尝试将靶向药物递送系统应用于肝脏疾病的显像检测以及药物/基因治疗,并取得了十分显著的成绩。本文将对近年来开发的新型纳米肝靶向给药系统,尤其是配体-受体介导的主动肝靶向给药系统在药物/基因递送以及显影检测方面的最新进展做一个综述,对各靶向给药系统的肝靶向能力进行了总结对比,并对肝靶向给药系统的发展方向进行了预测。     

天然糖类纳米药物传递系统的研究进展

纳米技术作为影响未来人类生活的世界三大新兴科技之一,其与药物传递系统的融合,既可以将药物的药理作用极大限度地发挥出来,又克服了药物本身的局限性.天然糖类的来源十分广泛,不仅价格低廉、无毒性,且具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,被广泛用于纳米药物传递系统.本文对纳米药物传递系统的体系组成进行了归纳,重点阐述了常见糖类及...     

手性药物的毛细管电泳拆分环糊精系统

以本实验室工作为背景，结合国内外最新文献，对环糊精系统分离手性化合物的包合机理，拆分外部条件及其应用进行了详细介绍与评述。     

环糊精在药物控制释放系统中的应用研究进展

因为环糊精的生物相容性和多功能性,通过改性以及各种剂型的设计,能够扩展其在医药领域的应用。本文介绍了环糊精及其衍生物在药物控制释放体系中的作用机理及特点,并结合本课题组的研究工作,综述了近年来环糊精在该领域中的应用研究进展。     

基于环糊精的抗肿瘤药物主客体递送系统研究进展北大核心CSCD

恶性肿瘤是威胁人类健康的重大疾病。开发安全高效的抗肿瘤药物及其递送系统是改善抗肿瘤药物疗效的重要保证。近年来,基于环糊精的抗肿瘤药物主客体递送系统受到了广泛关注。环糊精是通过淀粉酶解获得的环状低聚糖,具有外部亲水内部疏水的特殊结构,在基因治疗、免疫细胞治疗、免疫靶向治疗和化疗中均得到了广泛的应用。本综述主要总结了环糊精作为抗癌药物递送载体近10年的相关进展,同时对主客体递送系统在癌症治疗方面的机遇和挑战进行了展望和讨论。     

纳米粒子在药物传递中的应用

目前,利用纳米粒子传递药物并用于恶性肿瘤组织的靶向识别,进一步提高肿瘤的诊断和治疗水平是一个比较热点的领域,人们期望用制备容易、价格便宜、毒性小的纳米技术来提高肿瘤的治疗效率。然而,由近年的报道来看,所摄入的纳米粒子仅有约0.7%能够到达肿瘤部位,传递效率较低,这无疑加大了治疗应用的难度。本综述中,我们分析了造成纳米粒子靶向药物转运效率较低的原因,包括纳米粒子的转运途径,纳米粒子转运过程中所遇到的屏障,纳米粒子在体内的清除途径等;随后我们介绍了较早应用的聚合物纳米粒子、磁性氧化铁纳米粒子以及目前广泛研究的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子在药物传递系统构建中的应用情况,还介绍了细胞膜仿生纳米粒子在药物传递系统中的应用;最后,对纳米粒子在药物传递中的研究进行总结和展望。我们希望通过对纳米粒子传递药物的系统研究,进一步促进纳米粒子在药物传递上的研究,加速纳米药物的临床应用。     

用共轭亚油酸构筑层状液晶的药物传递系统

在水相中用共轭亚油酸(CLA)及其钠盐(SCL)构筑层状液晶相,并考察了其药物缓释行为.借助偏光显微镜并辅以目测确定CLA/SCL/H2O三元相图中的层状液晶相区,然后用偏光显微镜、小角X射线散射仪和旋转流变仪获得层状液晶的偏光织构、相参数和流变参数等,证实其适用于药物传递系统(DDS).采用透析法研究了负载亲水性药物5-氟尿嘧啶或亲油性药物姜黄素的层状液晶的释药曲线,结果表明,该类层状液晶对2种药物均有良好的缓释能力.     

基于壳聚糖的纳米药物传递体系

壳聚糖作为天然高分子材料,不仅安全无毒、而且具有良好的生物相容性、可生物降解性等优点,在药物传递领域作为纳米载体倍受关注。壳聚糖基纳米载体材料制备条件简单温和,近年来,其相关研究也颇为新颖。本文以载体形成的驱动力作为切入点,从共价交联、离子相互作用、聚电解质络合物和疏水改性四个方面,总结不同种类壳聚糖基纳米载体的构筑方法,同时介绍该载体对药物传递中载药量、载药率、释放行为以及细胞毒性等方面的影响,在此基础上展望其未来的应用前景。     

基于β-环糊精与偶氮苯衍生物的基因传递体系构筑

通过β-环糊精修饰聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI-CDs)与偶氮苯修饰聚乙二醇(Azo-PEG)的主客体作用,制备了HPEI-CDs/Azo-PEG/DNA自组装体,并对其生理盐溶液稳定性、粒径形貌及光控特性进行了研究。结果表明,对比HPEI-CDs/DNA自组装体,PEG的引入显著提高了其生理盐稳定性,借助PEG壳层的电荷屏蔽和CD氢键的协同作用,自组装体表面电位仅为+3mV,粒径分布均匀,呈现球形结构。在365nm波长光照下,HPEI-CDs/Azo-PEG/DNA的表面电位迅速增加,随着光照时间的延长,其ζ电位最终增大到与HPEI-CDs/DNA相近水平,这表明偶氮苯(Azo)空间结构发生转变,PEG层成功从组装体脱离。     

电荷翻转型药物载体用于肿瘤细胞核靶向药物输送的研究

大多数的抗癌药物属于DNA毒化物,它们只有作用于细胞核中的DNA或与之相关的酶才能发挥药效。但是,癌细胞先天和后天获得的耐药机制能够有效地限制抗癌药物进入细胞核。目前研制的大多数药物载体只靶向细胞中的溶酶体、不能进入细胞核。最近,β-羧基酰胺化的阳离子聚合物如聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚L-赖氨酸(PLL)被发展为从负电向正电翻转的新型细胞核靶向的药物载体,用于将药物直接输送到癌细胞的细胞核中,从而使药物避开肿瘤细胞膜及细胞浆中的多种耐药机制。在生理环境中,β-羧基酰胺化的阳离子聚合物带负电荷,抑制了阳离子聚合物与血液中蛋白质及细胞之间的非特异性相互作用。而当载体被癌细胞内吞并进入其酸性的溶酶体后,β-羧基酰胺键很快水解为胺基,载体又变为带正电荷,使载体能够逃离溶酶体并进入细胞核,将药物释放到细胞核中。实验结果表明,肿瘤靶向电荷翻转型药物载体能够有效地将药物输送到细胞核中,从而使药物避开癌细胞的耐药机制,提高药物疗效。本文就电荷翻转药物载体的进展做了简述。     

Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Eliminating Intracellular Bacteria

The intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria requires a range of survival strategies and virulence factors. These infections are a significant clinical challenge, wherein treatment frequently fails because of poor antibiotic penetration, stability, and retention in host cells. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are promising tools to overcome these shortcomings and enhance the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. In this review, the classification and the mechanisms of intracellular bacterial persistence are elaborated. Furthermore, the systematic design strategies applied to DDSs to eliminate intracellular bacteria are also described, and the strategies used for internalization, intracellular activation, bacterial targeting, and immune enhancement are highlighted. Finally, this overview provides guidance for constructing functionalized DDSs to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria.     

Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicles Based Drug Delivery Systems

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major roles in intracellular communication and participate in several biological functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Surface modification of EVs via various ligands, such as proteins, peptides, or aptamers, offers great potential as a means to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo, i.e., in drug delivery systems (DDS). This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to the development of EV-based DDS and its advantages compared to conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS). First, we compare liposomes and exosomes in terms of their distinct benefits in DDS. Second, we analyze what to consider for achieving better isolation, yield, and characterization of EVs for DDS. Third, we summarize different methods for the modification of surface of EVs, followed by discussion about different origins of EVs and their role in developing DDS. Next, several major methods for encapsulating therapeutic cargos in EVs have been summarized. Finally, we discuss key challenges and pose important open questions which warrant further investigation to develop more effective EV-based DDS.     

Saccharide-branched Cyclodextrins as Targeting Drug Carriers

A synthetic series of heptakis-galactose-branched cyclodextrins (termed CDs) having a longer spacer arm using two amino-caproic acids as an enlarging unit were prepared. Starting with heptakis-amino-β-CD or heptakis-amino-caproic-amide-β-CD, treated with galactosyl-glucono-amide-caproic acid, the new compounds heptakis (Gal-cap1)-CD (4) or heptakis (Gal-cap2)-CD (5) were obtained. The longer galactose spacer arm extremely favors the PNA association. The effect of branch length on K with PNA was enhanced up to 138-fold 3 as well as with DXR enhanced up to 81-fold. Hexakis (Gal-cap2)-CD (6) was prepared and the association constants with rat liver cells were observed to be 2.5 × 10¹⁰ M⁻¹. A multi-high mannose type oligosaccharide branched CD (7) showed a large association constant with DXR up to 1.1 × 10⁹ M⁻¹. The two-dimensional map for the association constants of newly synthesized oligosaccharide-branched CDs toward lectin or liver cells versus the association constants toward a drug (doxorubicin) suggested a method of finding a better targeting drug carrier. The structural effect of the oligosaccharide-CDs showed that the number and length of the branch were dominant factors in designing for enhanced dual recognition.     

Tumour‐Targeted Drug Delivery with Mannose‐Functionalized Nanoparticles Self‐Assembled from Amphiphilic β‐Cyclodextrins

Multivalent mannose‐functionalized nanoparticles self‐assembled from amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) facilitate the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to specific cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded nanoparticles equipped with multivalent mannose target units were efficiently taken up via receptor‐mediated endocytosis by MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells that overexpress the mannose receptor. Upon entering the cell, the intracellular pH causes the release of DOX, which triggers apoptosis. Targeting by multivalent mannose significantly improved the capability of DOX‐loaded nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells with minimal side effects in vivo. This targeted and controlled drug delivery system holds promise as a nanotherapeutic for cancer treatment.     

Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Based on Different Targeting Mechanisms in the Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a usual digestive tract malignancy and the third main cause of cancer death around the world, with a high occurrence rate and mortality rate. Conventional therapies for CRC have certain side effects and restrictions. However, the exciting thing is that with the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have gradually become more valuable drug delivery systems than traditional therapies because of their capacity to control drug release and target CRC. This also promotes the application of nano-drug targeted delivery systems in the therapy of CRC. Moreover, to make nanoparticles have a better colon targeting effect, many approaches have been used, including nanoparticles targeting CRC and in response to environmental signals. In this review, we focus on various targeting mechanisms of CRC-targeted nanoparticles and their latest research progress in the last three years, hoping to give researchers some inspiration on the design of CRC-targeted nanoparticles.     

基于生物矿化的纳米载药体系

基于生物矿化的纳米载药体系具有制备简单、良好的生物相容性和控制药物释放的能力、易被修饰且具备多功能性和靶向性等优点,在临床中拥有巨大的应用前景。本文系统阐述了基于生物矿化的纳米载体的构建原理和分类,重点介绍了它们的靶向性策略和刺激响应释放策略,并展望了其在临床治疗中的应用。     

基于生物矿化的纳米载药体系

基于生物矿化的纳米载药体系具有制备简单、良好的生物相容性和控制药物释放的能力、易被修饰且具备多功能性和靶向性等优点,在临床中拥有巨大的应用前景。本文系统阐述了基于生物矿化的纳米载体的构建原理和分类,重点介绍了它们的靶向性策略和刺激响应释放策略,并展望了其在临床治疗中的应用。     

Affinity‐Based Drug Delivery

Affinity‐based drug delivery systems utilize interactions between the therapeutic drug and the delivery system to manipulate drug loading and to control drug release. In this paper, affinity‐based drug delivery system syntheses, types of therapeutic factors delivered, and delivery system loading and release are discussed in detail. The paper is divided into three subsections, based on the type of delivery system: molecular imprinting systems, growth‐factor delivery, and cyclodextrin‐based delivery. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of research, highlight the breakthroughs and challenges, point out potential impacts of this relatively new technology, and explore future developmental areas.

     

基于多肽的纳米药物递送系统的研究

构建纳米药物递送系统改善药物的理化性质和生物学性质已经成为现代药物设计研究的热点和重要方向。其中,多肽作为新兴的纳米药物的构筑基元具有良好生物相容性、自组装性与化学可变性等性质,激起了广泛的研究兴趣,为构建新型纳米递送系统提供了崭新的研究方向。本文阐述了自组装多肽在疏水作用、氢键、静电作用、π-π堆积等非共价作用力的综合作用下构建胶束、囊泡、球、纤维等不同形貌的纳米材料;进一步介绍了多肽药物结合物的基本概念以及高载药量、高生物利用度的优势,总结了近年来基于功能性多肽构建纳米药物递送系统的研究;重点介绍了近五年来报道的具有自组装性、增强溶解性、长效性、靶向性、刺激响应性、细胞跨膜性等多种功能的智能多肽纳米药物递送系统。     

抗肿瘤药物输送系统

大多数小分子抗肿瘤药物均存在水溶性差、给药量大、体内半衰期短等问题,它们经口服或静脉注射给药后,只能通过自由扩散方式进入细胞,往往缺乏选择性,同时,对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞产生细胞毒性,具有较强的毒副作用,甚至对患者造成二次伤害。因此,它们在临床应用上受到很大限制。通过选择适宜的载体材料构筑抗肿瘤药物输送系统（如胶束、凝胶、纳米粒子等）,不仅可以延长小分子抗肿瘤药物的半衰期、降低其毒副作用,而且还可提高其溶解性和生物利用度,因而受到广大科研人员及制药企业的广泛重视。到目前为止,抗肿瘤药物输送系统的发展历史已有60多年,大致可分为传统型、智能型和靶向型三个不同的发展阶段。本文将从这三个不同发展阶段来综述抗肿瘤药物输送系统及其最新的研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行展望。