微流控阻抗流式细胞仪在单细胞检测中的应用

单细胞水平的检测能够在细胞群中分辨出稀有的异常细胞,在生物医学领域如疾病的早期诊断和治疗评估等方面有着至关重要的作用.通过整合微流控技术、电阻抗技术与流式细胞术,微流控阻抗细胞仪能够在微流体精确操控条件下,实现流动态单细胞的连续、无损阻抗检测.与传统的单细胞检测方法相比,微流控阻抗细胞仪具有非标记、多参数、低污染和检测...     

微流控芯片用于单细胞分析

微流控芯片通道内径一般约10~50 μm.典型哺乳类动物细胞直径一般为8~30 μm,体积为87 fL~4 pL.     

基于流体动力单细胞高效捕获的微流控芯片结构研究进展

单细胞分析对于重大疾病的早期诊断及治疗、药物筛选和生理病理过程的研究具有重要意义。微流控芯片能够精确控制单细胞的微环境,实时监测单细胞的行为,已成为单细胞分析的强大工具。单细胞捕获是单细胞分析的重要步骤。目前已报道了多种微流控芯片用于单细胞捕获的方法,其中基于流体动力的微流控芯片单细胞捕获方法具有操作方便、单细胞捕获效率高等优点,受到研究人员的广泛关注及使用。为了全面了解基于流体动力的微流控芯片单细胞捕获方法的研究现状,掌握单细胞高效捕获的微流控芯片结构设计,实现单细胞精准快速分析,本文综述了基于流体动力的单细胞高效捕获（>70%）原理及微流控芯片结构,根据结构设计不同分为微井结构、微柱结构和旁路通道结构,介绍了单细胞高效捕获的微流控芯片优化过程,总结了微流控芯片的材质、结构特点及单细胞捕获效率等,对不同单细胞捕获结构的优势及不足进行了分析。最后,对基于流体动力的微流控芯片单细胞捕获方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

微流控芯片单细胞进样和溶膜

单细胞分析对重大疾病的早期诊断、治疗和药物筛选以及细胞生理、病理过程的研究有重要意义.将毛细管电泳用于单细胞多组分的测定已取得一些成果,但受毛细管的一维结构限制,单细胞进样和溶膜操作较复杂.微流控分析芯片的网络结构和微米级的通道尺寸使简化单细胞分析成为可能.     

微流控芯片系统在单细胞研究中的应用

微流控芯片具有网络式通道结构,扩展了在细胞和亚细胞水平进行生命科学研究的能力,为单细胞研究提供了一个新的平台.在微流控芯片通道中,人们利用气压、液压和电压,或利用介电电泳、光学陷阱、行波介电电泳以及磁场等技术,可以操纵细胞通过或驻留在通道内的任意位置,从而使单细胞计数、筛选以及胞内组分分析等操作大大简化.本文对微流控芯片系统在血液流变学、单细胞操纵与计数以及单细胞胞内组分分析中的应用进行了综述,介绍了用于单细胞研究的多种微芯片系统,讨论了芯片上进行单细胞操纵的各种方法     

微流控芯片NDA在线衍生测定单细胞中谷胱甘肽

单细胞分析对研究细胞内信号传递和重大疾病的早期诊断等具有重要意义,荧光标记是检测细胞内物质的常用技术,为防止衍生时的过度稀释,大多采用柱前细胞内衍生法,衍生后再用微流控芯片分析,此法操作复杂,需多次离心分离,且能透过细胞膜标记胞内组分的荧光试剂较少。     

微流控芯片测定单细胞内化学组分的进展

细胞是生命的基本单元。由于细胞的个体差异,传统分析群体细胞的方法难以得到单细胞的重要信息。准确可靠地测定单细胞内化学组分的含量能大大提高从正常细胞中辨别不正常细胞的能力,为进一步研究和发展生物化学、医学和临床检验等领域奠定基础。近年来,用微流控芯片进行单细胞分析已引起广泛的兴趣。微流控芯片可以集成单细胞进样、溶膜、电泳分离胞内化学组分和高灵敏度测定等一系列操作步骤,为分析单细胞内的化学组分提供了新的技术平台。本文主要综述了近年来微流控芯片测定单细胞内化学组分的进展。重点在于利用电渗流、压力结合电渗流和激光镊子等技术操控单细胞在微流控芯片上完成单细胞进样、溶膜、细胞内化学组分的电泳分离和高灵敏度测定等一系列操作步骤。对在微流控芯片上的衍生技术也做了较为详细的阐述。     

微流控进样阿达玛变换显微荧光成像单细胞分析

将微流控芯片用于单细胞进样,以自制阿达玛变换显微荧光成像分析系统进行成像检测,讨论了影响单细胞进样和荧光成像的主要因素,并对花粉细胞DNA含量进行定量分析。结果表明：微流控进样技术与HT显微成像技术相结合,可有效可靠地应用于单细胞分析中,所测定的三个玉帘花粉的DNA含量分别为124．4、123．9和62．9pg。     

微流控芯片细胞操纵及单细胞荧光检测

微流控芯片系统用于细胞分析是该技术近期发展的一个热点^[1,2],受到越来越多的关注,其主要原因在于微全分析系统具备高度微型化、集成化和设计灵活等特点,通过巧妙设计和准确加工能够实现细胞的培养、凋亡及检测等功能^[3].     

微流控芯片操纵传输及实时监测单细胞量子释放

微流控芯片技术用于细胞生化分析已引起了广泛关注.Harrison等首次在微流控芯片上对细胞群体进行操纵、传输及反应.yang等在微流控芯片上操纵细胞群体的排列,并用荧光检测细胞群体摄取钙的反应.至今还未见到微流控芯片对单个细胞进行操纵传输、定位及实时监测的报道.单细胞受激释放的监测对探索生物体神经传导具有重要意义.     

单细胞毛细管电泳分析研究进展

本文从细胞悬浮液制备、单个细胞进样技术、细胞溶解技术、分离模式、检测方法和应用新进展6个方面对单细胞毛细管电泳分析进行了全面评述.重点介绍了单个细胞进样技术及检测方法的最新进展,并对单细胞毛细管电泳分析的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

单细胞分析的研究

单细胞分析是分析化学、生物学和医学之间渗透发展形成的跨学科前沿领域。近年来,毛细管电泳及微流控芯片用于单细胞分析已取得显著进展,特别表现在微流控芯片用于细胞的培养、分选、操纵、定位、分离及检测细胞的组分,实时监测细胞释放,及高通量阵列检测等方面。芯片的单元操作可根据需要灵活组合,显示出其独特的优点。本文重点介绍作者研究组的工作,并对近三年来国内外在毛细管电泳及芯片毛细管电泳用于单细胞分析的新进展进行评论。最后从毛细管电泳与微流控芯片、微流控芯片与细胞界面以及量子点用于探测活细胞等方面,展望了单细胞分析的发展前景。     

毛细管电泳单细胞分析

细胞是生命活动的基本单位,单细胞分析能够阐明细胞的结构与功能,揭示细胞之间的差异性,在细胞分化、生理病理研究及疾病早期诊断中具有重要作用。毛细管电泳作为一种高效的分离手段,所需样品体积小,能与高灵敏度检测器联用,特别适于单细胞分析。本文从单细胞进样技术、单细胞裂解技术、检测方法及应用等方面,对2007年以来毛细管电泳用于单细胞分析的最新进展做了相应叙述,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。表明毛细管电泳不仅适于单细胞分析,而且仍有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用空间。     

Morphometric Cell Classification for Single-Cell MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging

The large-scale and label-free molecular characterization of single cells in their natural tissue habitat remains a major challenge in molecular biology. We present a method that integrates morphometric image analysis to delineate and classify individual cells with their single-cell-specific molecular profiles. This approach provides a new means to study spatial biological processes such as cancer field effects and the relationship between morphometric and molecular features.     

Enhancing signals of microfluidic impedance cytometry through optimization of microelectrode array

Microfluidic impedance cytometry shows a great value in biomedical diagnosis. However, the crosstalk between neighboring microelectrodes strongly weakens the impedance signal. Hereby, we demonstrate a novel microfluidic impedance cytometer consisted of sensing electrodes and ground electrodes (GNDs). The simulation reveals a signal enhancement by more than five times with GNDs compared to that without ones. We also found that the linear correlation between the impedance at a high frequency and that at a low frequency varies as microparticle size changes, which can be used for microparticle classification. The study can help with microelectrode optimization and signal processing for microfluidic impedance analysis.     

药物与生物膜相互作用的近代生物物理方法研究进展

作者研究发现多不饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇、磷脂是构成生化抗癌药物的重要因素,三者只有按一定的比例制成类似生物膜的液晶态脂体,才能发挥各自的作用.在此基础上,提出了生物液晶态模型.根据该模型设计、研制了新型的抗癌药物-亚油酸铂免疫定向脂质体.初步研究表明：该药物有明显的抗肿瘤作用,进而阐明了近代生物物理技术在研究液晶态生物膜与癌症及其治疗之间关系中的重要作用.     

Module Assembly Strategy for Single-Cell Nucleic Acid Imaging at the Sub-Molecule Level

Single-cell imaging has unique advantages of maintaining the in situ physiological state, morphology, and microenvironment, becoming a powerful tool to unravel the nature of intracellular nucleic acids. The analysis of nucleic acids unprecedentedly demands the sub-molecule details at segment or subunit, secondary structure and monomer levels, instead of just probing the sequence and the abundance of nucleic acids. Detection of nucleic acids at the sub-molecule level requires higher specificity and higher sensitivity, which becomes a new challenge in nucleic acid analysis. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the design and the application of single-cell nucleic acid imaging methods at the sub-molecule level, including the visualization of RNA splicing variants, RNA G-quadruplexes in an individual gene, single nucleotide variation of mitochondrial DNA, and RNA m⁶A methylation. Remarkably, we highlight the key strategy, “Module Assembly”, for high-performance molecular recognition and demonstrate the required improvements in future research.     

From Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Single-Cell Sequencing of Immune Cells: Changing the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy

Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer development. It is well-established that cancer is caused by the dysregulation of cellular pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell metabolism, migration, cell polarity, and differentiation. Besides, growing evidence indicates that extracellular matrix signaling, cell surface proteoglycans, and angiogenesis can contribute to cancer development. Given the genetic instability and vast intra-tumoral heterogeneity revealed by the single-cell sequencing of tumoral cells, the current approaches cannot eliminate the mutating cancer cells. Besides, the polyclonal expansion of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in response to tumoral neoantigens cannot elicit anti-tumoral immune responses due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells can provide valuable insights regarding the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints/related signaling factors in immune cells, which can be used to select immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjust their dosage. Indeed, the integration of the data obtained from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells with immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors, decrease the immune-related adverse events, and facilitate tumoral cell elimination. This study aims to review key pathways involved in tumor development and shed light on single-cell sequencing. It also intends to address the shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., their varied response rates among cancer patients and increased risk of autoimmunity development, via applying the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells.     

Data-Dependent Acquisition with Precursor Coisolation Improves Proteome Coverage and Measurement Throughput for Label-Free Single-Cell Proteomics**

We combined efficient sample preparation and ultra-low-flow liquid chromatography with a newly developed data acquisition and analysis scheme termed wide window acquisition (WWA) to quantify >3,000 proteins from single cells in rapid label-free analyses. WWA employs large isolation windows to intentionally co-isolate and co-fragment adjacent precursors along with the selected precursor. Optimized WWA increased the number of MS2-identified proteins by ≈40 % relative to standard data-dependent acquisition. For a 40-min LC gradient operated at ≈15 nL/min, we identified an average of 3,524 proteins per single-cell-sized aliquot of protein digest. Reducing the active gradient to 20 min resulted in a modest 10 % decrease in proteome coverage. Using this platform, we compared protein expression between single HeLa cells having an essential autophagy gene, atg9a, knocked out, with their isogenic WT parental line. Similar proteome coverage was observed, and 268 proteins were significantly up- or downregulated. Protein upregulation primarily related to innate immunity, vesicle trafficking and protein degradation.