静电纺丝技术在新能源电池中应用的研究进展

简要介绍了五种新能源电池和静电纺丝技术,综述了静电纺丝技术用于锂电池的正负极材料和燃料电池电极材料的现状,以及应用静电纺丝技术制备电极隔膜材料。静电纺丝制备纳米纤维具有直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高等特点,用于正负电极和隔膜材料将大大提高电池的比容量、充放电速率和充放电电流,从而提高电池的蓄电能力、循环性能、离子导电性、力学稳定性和化学稳定性。最后总结了静电纺丝技术产业化需要解决的问题,并展望了在新能源电池中的进一步应用。     

静电纺聚偏氟乙烯@硅藻土锂离子电池隔膜的制备及性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和硅藻土为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备PVDF@硅藻土复合纤维膜,用于锂离子电池隔膜。 研究了隔膜的吸液率、热稳定性和电化学性能等。 添加硅藻土可有效提高复合膜的电解液吸收率和电化学性能,其中吸液率可达623.6%,相比于PVDF膜和聚丙烯(PP)膜具有优异的循环性能和倍率性能。     

天然高分子静电纺丝水处理膜的研究进展

膜分离技术具有高效、节能、选择性好、操作简单等优点,是目前非常流行的水处理技术,有着巨大的应用前景.静电纺丝纳米纤维膜以其高孔隙率、孔径均匀、比表面积大、易于制备等独特性能已成为膜分离技术的重要发展方向.本文综述了一维纳米结构、核壳和中空结构以及多级结构静电纺丝纳米纤维材料的制备原理、结构和性能,着重介绍了以天然高分子...     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶及其应用*

静电纺丝是一种简单有效的制备聚合物纳米纤维的技术,在组织工程、药物控释和传感器等方面具有广泛的应用。采用静电纺丝技术制备得到的纳米纤维膜具有比表面积大、孔隙率高和易于分离回收等优点,可以作为一种优良的酶固定化载体,目前在酶固定化领域受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了近年来静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的研究进展,在阐述静电纺丝纳米纤维膜制备技术的基础上,详细介绍了纳米纤维膜表面担载法和包埋法固定化酶的原理和方法,分析了不同固定化方法的优缺点,并讨论了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的应用前景,对静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的发展方向进行了展望。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维基超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维具有比表面积大、孔隙率高及密度低等优势,是电化学储能材料的理想候选者之一.本文综述了近年来静电纺丝碳纳米纤维、金属氧化物/硫化物/氮化物、导电聚合物及其复合材料在超级电容器领域的研究及应用进展,探讨了材料组成、结构与电化学电容性能之间的关系,并对静电纺丝纳米纤维基电极材料的发展前景进行了展望.这将为新型高性能超级电容器电极材料的结构设计与可控制备提供新思路.     

基于静电纺丝技术的多级结构聚合物纳米纤维复合材料的研究进展

静电纺丝技术是目前制备纳米纤维最重要的方法之一,以其制备的纤维具有直径可控、比表面积大、孔隙率高等优点,因而被广泛应用于过滤、催化、传感器及生物医学等众多领域.以静电纺丝纤维为模板可进一步构建多级结构的功能性聚合物纳米纤维复合材料,拓宽其应用范围.本文着重概述了近年来基于静电纺丝技术的简单共混型、核壳结构及多级结构的聚合物纳米纤维复合材料的制备、结构及性能,并展望了其应用研究前景.     

电纺纤维在超级电容器中的应用

对高性能超级电容器不断增长的需求促进了电极隔膜和电极材料的快速发展.静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有较高的孔隙率、较好电化学活性、较大的表面积以及良好的结构稳定性等优点,已被广泛应用于超级电容器的隔膜和电极材料.本文简要综述了近年来电纺纳米纤维在超级电容器用隔膜和电极材料的研究进展;着重讨论了通过静电纺丝和其他后处理方法制...     

AgNPs-AC复合纤维的制备及其吸附与抗菌性能

制备具有较好吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料是过滤领域的一个关键问题。在多种纤维与薄膜材料的制备方法中,静电纺丝法具有比表面积大、孔隙率高的特点,为制备具有吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料提供了一种有效思路。本文通过静电纺丝法制备了纳米银颗粒-活性炭(AgNPs-AC)复合纳米纤维膜,将纳米银颗粒沉积在活性炭载体上,目的是制备一种具有良好吸附抗菌功能的高性能过滤电纺复合纤维膜。通过SEM、XRD等设备对复合纳米纤维的形貌与结构进行表征,并考察该复合纤维膜的吸附性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,所制备的AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜随活性炭、银浓度的增大,纤维直径分布逐步趋于均匀。并且在EVOH质量分数为10%,硝酸银/活性炭浓度比为0.05/0.085时,该复合纤维膜的吸附性能最好。此外,AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在燃料电池质子交换膜中应用的研究进展

保护环境,开发环保型能源,对人类和社会具有重要意义。 质子交换膜燃料电池由于具有燃料转化率较高和无污染的优点,备受关注。 静电纺丝纳米纤维具有比表面积大、高孔隙率和三维的相互连通的网状结构等特点,可以在燃料电池质子交换膜中得到广泛应用。 静电纺丝纳米纤维类复合质子交换膜具有较高的质子传导率,较低的燃料渗透率,较好的化学稳定性能、热稳定性能和机械性能。 本文首先介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池,然后从不同的离子型聚合物基质复合质子交换膜的类别出发,介绍了静电纺丝纳米纤维在Nafion、磺化聚酰亚胺(SPI)、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)、磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)等不同种类的离子型聚合物质子交换膜中的研究现状及作用机理,同时对静电纺丝纳米纤维在质子交换膜的应用方面存在的问题及应用前景做了评论和展望。     

聚合物的静电纺丝

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法.由纳米纤维制得的无纺布,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、纤维精细程度与均一性高、长径比大等优点,从而赋予了静电纺丝纤维广泛的应用前景,它已在国内外引起了广泛的关注.本文介绍了静电纺丝的装置、基本原理及静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展,同时也叙述了其在各个领域的应用,最后展望了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的发展方向及前景.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.