自蔓延波聚合研究进展

波聚合是指靠自身反应放热产生的热波维持反应进行而将单体转化为聚合物的聚合方法。由于波聚合不需要外界持续供热、无溶剂排放和反应设备简单,是一种节能无污染的低成本材料制备工艺,极具应用前景。本文综述了从发现波聚合至今已取得的研究成果,包括波聚合机理、聚合波产生并自蔓延的条件、波结构、传播速度、传播模式以及产物特征,并对波聚合工艺用于高分子材料的制备进行了评述。     

含氧光敏引发体系的研究——Ⅵ.二苯酮/三乙胺体系引发光聚合过程中的再次引发效应

A sequential photoinitiation. phenomenon was found in the benzophenone/triethylamine/ MMA radical photopolymerization system, which leads to increase of molecular weight, amine content of polymer formed with progressive irradiation time. The results, obtained demonstrate that the sequential photoinitiation originates from the photoreaction of active amine groups at the polymer chains with excited benzophenones producing a polymer radicals, which induce sequential polymerization. The effects of benzophenone and amine concentrations,oxygen co-ntent and chain requlator were studied. Reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

双咪唑光敏体系紫外光引发聚合甲基丙烯酸甲酯动力学和应用研究

用光敏剂4,4′ 二(N,N′ 二甲基-氨基)苯甲酮(简称米氏酮,MK)、引发剂邻氯代六芳基双咪唑(o-Cl-HABI)和氢给体助引发剂十二烷基硫醇(SH)组成光敏引发体系。研究了在高压汞灯照射下,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)光聚合速率和该敏化体系每一个组分,包括MK、o-Cl-HABI、SH和MMA的关系,还研究了该体系在PS版材上的应用,并获得了很好的效果。     

可聚合的氧化还原引发体系

胺类具有还原性,可以与多种氧化剂构成氧化还原引发体系,胺类可产生自由基,引发乙烯基单体聚合.若乙烯基单体同时含有胺类基团,则这类自身还原性引发型单体在氧化剂存在的情况下既参与链引发又参与链增长,因此可以形成超支化聚合物.本文首先回顾了胺类氧化还原体系及其引发机理,然后总结自身还原性引发型单体分别与过氧化物、二芳酮、高氧...     

等离子体引发聚合

叙述了近下赤等离子体引发聚合反应的研究情况及其在表面改性与合成新型高分子材料等方面的应用。     

一种可聚合光引发体系及其性能研究

合成了一种可聚合双分子光引发体系——甲基丙烯酸-4-二苯酮甲酯(BPMM)光引发剂和甲基丙烯酸-3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯甲酯(MDBMM)助引发剂.采用含有水平样品支架的实时红外光谱仪(RTIR)监测光聚合动力学,动态力学分析仪(DMA)研究固化膜的机械性能.结果表明,聚合体系的聚合速率(Rp)和最终双键转化率(Pf)随MDBMM浓度的增加而增加,但是,随BPMM的浓度变化出现一最佳值(0.8%);相同的聚合条件下,与传统引发体系相比,BPMM/MDBMM虽然引发活性较差,但是其固化膜的Pf和玻璃化转变温度以及在37℃左右的储能模量与传统引发体系相近,并且MDBMM作为天然可食用植物化学成分衍生物的特点使其有可能适宜于在生物相容性要求较高的领域中应用.     

长波长光敏引发聚合体系

香豆素酮染料;双咪唑;染料增感;长波长光敏引发聚合体系     

光聚合引发剂研究进展

对最近几年光敏聚合引发体系的研究进展进行了评述，并就一些新型光敏引发体系及引发机理进行了介绍。     

原子转移自由基聚合及其催化引发体系研究进展

原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）作为一种有效的“活性”／可控聚合可对聚合物进行分子设计,制备结构和相对分子质量可控的各类聚合物,具有潜在而广泛的研究价值。本文综述了ATRP的研究进展,特别是对传统ATRP催化引发体系、RATRP催化引发体系、AGETATRP催化引发体系、SR8LNIATRP催化引发体系、ICARATRP催化引发体系、ARGETATRP催化引发体系、杂化或双金属催化体系等的催化引发机理进行了详细的介绍。并综述了ATRP聚合中各种实施方法如本体聚合法、溶液聚合法、悬浮聚合法、乳液聚合法等的研究现状。     

含氧光敏引发体系的研究——Ⅵ.二苯酮/三乙胺体系引发光聚合过程中的再次引发效应

过去,作者曾发表了多种光敏引发体系引发烯类单体光聚合的工作,在研究2,2-二甲氧基苯乙酮在氧存在下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯光聚合时,结合在聚合物链端的引发剂碎片具有光化学活性,在光聚合反应中产生高分子自由基,发生再次聚合,出现高分子量     

Photoactivated Cationic Frontal Polymerization

Photoactivated cationic ring-opening polymerizations of certain oxirane and oxetane monomers take place in a frontal manner. The study of the frontal behavior of those monomers was conducted using a new analytical technique involving optical pyrometry that provides insight into the mechanism of these polymerizations.     

New Vistas in Frontal Polymerization

Frontal Polymerization is a technique for the synthesis of polymers that, by exploiting the heat liberated by the self-same reaction, generates a hot front that can sustain and propagate itself from one end of the reactor to the other converting monomer into polymer. After the activation and following formation of the front, it is not necessary to provide any other form of energy in order to carry out polymerization. In this article we will summarize some of the recent results we have obtained in the application of Frontal Polymerization to the preparation of polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester resins, and polyacrylates.     

Frontal Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Frontal polymerization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) made with acrylic or methacrylic acid as the monomer and hydrogen bond donor was studied. Fronts with acrylic acid and choline chloride propagated more uniformly than with pure acrylic acid, so an exploration into how the DES affected frontal polymerization was performed. The hydrogen bond acceptor of the DES was replaced by several analogs to determine the effect on the DES front behavior. The analogs used were talc, DMSO, lauric acid, and stearic acid, which acted as a heat sink, inert diluent, hydrogen bonding diluent, and inert phase change material, respectively. None of the methacrylic acid‐analog systems were able to sustain a front. While the acrylic acid‐analog systems did sustain a front (with the exception of stearic acid), none of the fronts replicated the acrylic acid DES behavior. The acrylic acid–talc sample behaved more violently—like pure acrylic acid polymerization—than the acrylic acid DES, and the DMSO and lauric acid samples produced slower fronts than that of the acrylic acid DES. We propose that the reactivity of the acrylic acid and methacrylic acid is enhanced in the DES. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 4046–4050     

Temporal Control of Gelation and Polymerization Fronts Driven by an Autocatalytic Enzyme Reaction

Chemical systems that remain kinetically dormant until activated have numerous applications in materials science. Herein we present a method for the control of gelation that exploits an inbuilt switch: the increase in pH after an induction period in the urease‐catalyzed hydrolysis of urea was used to trigger the base‐catalyzed Michael addition of a water‐soluble trithiol to a polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The time to gelation (minutes to hours) was either preset through the initial concentrations or the reaction was initiated locally by a base, thus resulting in polymerization fronts that converted the mixture from a liquid into a gel (ca. 0.1 mm min^?1). The rate of hydrolytic degradation of the hydrogel depended on the initial concentrations, thus resulting in a gel lifetime of hours to months. In this way, temporal programming of gelation was possible under mild conditions by using the output of an autocatalytic enzyme reaction to drive both the polymerization and subsequent degradation of a hydrogel.     

Water‐Triggered Frontal Polymerization

A totally new mode of frontal polymerization (FP) of acrylamide is established which is triggered by the simple addition of a minute, specific volume of water. Experimental conditions under which this mode of polymerization yields linear and water‐soluble polyacrylamide were carefully established, paving the way to synthesize commercially pertinent homo‐ and copolymers. A new redox couple was identified to circumvent the imidization and the ensuing gelation, hitherto associated with FP of acrylamide. Effects of reaction variables such as type and concentration of redox couple and volume of water on measurable parameters of FP such as front velocity, front temperature, shape of front and yield have been studied. Two types of redox couples are reported. Nonplanar frontal regime was observed in few redox couples. We could visually observe helical patterns with naked eyes, while layered patterns were observable under SEM. Additionally, micro‐phase separation and heterogeneity in the polymer matrix was observed due to unreacted pockets of monomer which evolve via bulk mode. This nonlinear phenomenon is described.

     

N-丙烯酰吗啉在可聚合叔胺-过硫酸钾水溶性引发体系引发下的水溶液聚合

本文报道了以甲基丙烯酸－N，N－甲氨基乙酯（DMAEMA）与过硫酸盐体系以引发的丙烯酰吗啉（AMP）的水溶液聚合，得到下列方程：Rp［K2S2O8］0．46［DMAEMA］0．49［AMP］1．09；Ea＝30．21KJ／mol。试用四氯乙烯（TCNE）处理的丙烯酸吗啉聚合物P（AMP）的紫外光谱分析，发现DMAEMA不仅参与引发AMP聚合，而且还进入P（AMP）分子链中。P（AMP）分子量比聚丙烯酰腹P（AAm）的小，而且随AMP（DMAEMA或温度）增加而增加（降低）。P（AMP）及其轻度交联的水凝胶表现出热敏性。     

烯烃可控/活性正离子聚合新方法与新工艺及其应用

<正>离子聚合是高分子科学中重要的聚合方法之一,也是制备聚异丁烯或丁基橡胶等关键材料不可或缺的聚合方法.本文总结了异丁烯、苯乙烯及其衍生物等单体可控/活性正离子聚合的新引发体系、聚合反应特征的调节与转化、水相介质中正离子聚合新方法与新工艺、微观分子混合与正离子聚合新工艺及其用于设计合成异丁烯基聚合物.这些方法与技术是发展高效节能与绿色减排先进聚合物生产技术的重要途径,部分研究成果已在产业化中得到应用与验证.发展可控/活性正离子聚合新体系、新方法与新工艺,为实现绿色低碳高分子化工过程及相关产品工程(新结构、新功能、高性能与高品质)提供了新思路与新技术.     

新引发体系引发MMA活性自由基聚合

近年来 ,关于活性自由基聚合的研究极为活跃 ,已经发现了多种基于增长链自由基被可逆钝化形成休眠种的活性自由基聚合方法[1,2 ] .它们主要包括引发转移终止剂 ( Iniferter) ,稳定自由基聚合( SFRP) ,原子转移自由基聚合 ( ATRP) ,可逆加成 -断链链转移聚合 ( RAFT)等 .其中 ATRP因其具有可聚合单体多 ,反应条件相对缓和等优点而成为该领域的研究热点 [3～ 5] .ATRP活性自由基聚合的实现主要是在过渡金属催化剂的作用下 ,通过循环往复的碳 -卤键的活化、加成、碳 -卤键的再形成而得到最终活性的聚合物 ,引发体系由引发剂、过渡金属…     

A New View of the Initiation and Propagation in Anionic Polymerization

This work confirms the new view of the initiation and propagation mechanism of the anionic polymerization previously proposed, based on the investigation of anionic bulk‐polymerization of styrene and α‐methyl styrene with the help of a self designed microflow device and characterized by GPC and in situ ⁷Li NMR. It was found that n‐BuLi tended to form the hexameric‐aggregated structure and even to form the huge aggregated structure based on the former. These aggregations of initiators could directly initiate the anionic polymerization and form the supramolecule aggregations. The supramolecule aggregations inevitably blocked the diffusion of the monomers to the ion‐pairs and resulted in a stationary‐conversion platform. Then the aggregators were dissociated completely into equal binary‐aggregated species, and the polymerization continued again rapidly before the termination. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) acted as the electron donator, which could push the electron cloud to Li cation and make the aggregated ring of the active species rather loosened and facilitated the monomer to insert in. Therefore, a little THF can greatly promote the anionic polymerization. However, further addition of THF might block the channel between the ion‐pairs and decrease the propagation rate. It was also found that the aggregated structure of the active species during the anionic polymerization only depends on the initiator aggregations which were formed before the polymerization.