反应-扩散斑图反应器*

本文综述了在反应-扩散斑图研究中反应器的进展情况。直到20世纪80年代,人们主要在培养皿中研究封闭体系的化学波。为了研究体系在远离平衡态条件下的复杂时空动力学行为,近二十年来人们设计出许多新颖的空间开放反应器(continuously fed unstirred reactor,CFUR)如单边进料反应器(one side fed reactor,OSFR)、双边进料反应器、圆盘形凝胶、圆环形凝胶反应器以及Couette反应器等。反应介质主要为各种凝胶、微孔膜、离子交换树脂以及中孔玻璃。空间开放反应器的设计和发展极大地促进了化学斑图动力学的发展。同时讨论了反应-扩散斑图反应器结构设计遇到的困难如气泡和三维效应,并且对反应器设计与斑图研究未来发展方向进行了探讨。     

闭系中硫(-II)氧化的非线性动力学一般特征

硫元素可出现有一2‘0‘＋2‘＋4、＋6等多个价态．－2价的硫化合物在氧化过程中涉及价态变化较多,反应机理十分复杂,有些中间体难于分离和检定．但在硫化学非线性动力学研究中使用不同的氧化剂（H20。、C10。一、Bio。一和104一等）发现了一些基本的共同特怔,应与S（－11）化合物氧化反应中许多复杂现象［‘］（振荡、双节律、混饨和反应扩散波等）有密切关系,本文就封闭体系中硫化学非线性机理特征进行探讨和研究．1封闭体系中反应动力学特征根据实验和文献,在硫化合物的氧化动力学曲线中Pt电位、pH及其一些氧化剂中间物的浓度（…     

CSTR中Ferroin催化BZ反应中的倍周期振荡和混沌

Ferroin催化的BZ反应是化学时空斑图研究中最常用的反应体系, 研究该体系时发现了简单倍周期、混合模式倍周期振荡、混沌以及低流速下溴离子选择电极的混合模式振荡, 并用Györgyi和Field两环偶合的BZ反应模型进行数值模拟解释. 该研究为用于光学测定的时空斑图研究提供了从简单振荡到各种复杂振荡的反应介质, 也表明BZ反应复杂振荡与混沌研究可扩展到不同催化剂催化的溴酸盐驱动的非线性反应体系.     

硫化物在铂电极上电氧化时空动力学的模型模拟和分析(英文)

根据铂电极上硫化物电催化氧化的反应机理,本文提取动力学模型并利用数值模拟研究了N型负微分阻抗(N-NDR)振荡区域的电极表面时空反应动力学.在均相体系模拟中观察到电流简单振荡和复杂振荡,其来源于双电层电势自催化与传质限制和毒化物种吸附负反馈的相互耦合.为了更接近于真实体系,在模型中考虑了平行和垂直于电极表面两个方向的传质过程.模拟结果发现了与实验现象具有相同演化行为的复杂斑图,如行波和闪烁波;同时在传质耦合体系模拟中观察到双电层电势双臂螺旋波.本研究工作促进对电化学体系时空斑图的理解和预测.     

电化学时空斑图

时空斑图广泛存在于反应-输运非平衡态体系,近年来电化学体系中时空斑图的形成开始受到广泛关注.从行波到Turing稳态结构在电化学体系都有发现和研究,这大大促进了电化学动力学的理论发展.理论模型已由最初的反应-扩散模型逐渐演化和完善成为电化学反应-电迁移模型,促使实验与理论研究的进一步开展.随着时空识别电化学技术的应用,...     

光敏性BZ反应的时空动力学

作为研究非线性时空动力学最理想的化学反应体系之一,三联(2,2'-联吡啶)钌(Ⅱ)(Ru(bpy)₃²⁺)为催化剂的Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ)振荡反应具有独特的光敏特性并能呈现丰富的时空动力学行为。研究光控BZ反应有助于我们对一系列物理、化学和生命体系中复杂动力学现象的理解。本文综述了不同实验条件下光效应对钌催化BZ反应均相复杂振荡和空间反应扩散化学波的影响, 以及光响应BZ反应与软物质耦合体系的复杂动力学行为,在此基础上介绍光抑制和光诱导反应机理和模型。对光控BZ反应体系存在的问题和发展方向进行了探讨。     

耦合反应扩散体系中分布式延迟对图灵斑图的影响

在许多信息传递系统中都存在延迟现象,相关研究表明,耦合振子系统中的延迟作用能导致振死、多节律混沌、空间斑图和波等现象,其中多数现象已经得到的实验验证．图灵斑图与生物成型素具有潜在的联系,使其在理论和实验方面得到了多方面的研究．Barrio等发现图灵体系间的耦合作用可以得到与生物界相似的复杂斑图．Yang等也在耦合体系中发现了一系列新型图灵斑图．     

悬浮床加氢裂化水溶性催化剂的筛选与表征

催化加氢作用, 当金属组分A和组分B浓度分别为 15 μg/g ～ 25 μg/g 和 1100 μg/g～1300 μg/g时催化剂具有较好的催化加氢活性。两元水溶性催化剂硫化后的XPS、XRD和TEM分析结果表明：活性组分经硫化反应后生成了金属硫化物,但组分A硫化率不足50％;组分B易硫化结晶,其晶粒成为组分A的硫化物晶粒或颗粒分散的“载体”,使组分A的硫化物具有较高的分散度,提高了催化剂的加氢活性;A-B双金属水溶性催化剂经硫化反应后所形成的颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右,说明两元金属催化剂在硫化结晶过程中确实存在相互分散和抑制晶粒增长的作用。     

pH探针在亚氯酸盐-硫代硫酸钠非线性反应体系研究 中的应用

当pH探针应用于ClO2^--S2O3^2-非线性反应体系动力学研究时,发现了封闭体系的pH准振荡和CSTR中的pH稳态振荡现象,在CSTR中振荡的pH与铂电位同相位,且与闭系中小峰性质相同,反应机理包括氯氧化合物自身反应,氯氧化合物-硫化合物反应,硫-硫反应。以硫价态变化驱使的动力学模型模拟出闭系准振荡和CSTR中pH稳态振荡。该模型也为解释反应-扩散体系中的pH前沿波提供模型机理。     

单种群杆菌生长反应扩散型动力学方程的数值模拟研究

本文以细胞生物学理论为基础,细菌细胞发育周期形态和群体细菌分裂相数量的变化为依据,针对单种群杆菌生长问题,应用非线性系统动力学方法,建立了其状态演化的反应扩散型动力学方程,并对该体系的行波解进行数值模拟研究和相应的奇异变形杆菌波动过程中活菌数的实验观察,以完善生物波理论做了有益的探索。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.