共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
本文综述了在反应-扩散斑图研究中反应器的进展情况。直到20世纪80年代,人们主要在培养皿中研究封闭体系的化学波。为了研究体系在远离平衡态条件下的复杂时空动力学行为,近二十年来人们设计出许多新颖的空间开放反应器(continuously fed unstirred reactor,CFUR)如单边进料反应器(one side fed reactor,OSFR)、双边进料反应器、圆盘形凝胶、圆环形凝胶反应器以及Couette反应器等。反应介质主要为各种凝胶、微孔膜、离子交换树脂以及中孔玻璃。空间开放反应器的设计和发展极大地促进了化学斑图动力学的发展。同时讨论了反应-扩散斑图反应器结构设计遇到的困难如气泡和三维效应,并且对反应器设计与斑图研究未来发展方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
2.
硫元素可出现有一2‘0‘+2‘+4、+6等多个价态.-2价的硫化合物在氧化过程中涉及价态变化较多,反应机理十分复杂,有些中间体难于分离和检定.但在硫化学非线性动力学研究中使用不同的氧化剂(H20。、C10。一、Bio。一和104一等)发现了一些基本的共同特怔,应与S(-11)化合物氧化反应中许多复杂现象[‘](振荡、双节律、混饨和反应扩散波等)有密切关系,本文就封闭体系中硫化学非线性机理特征进行探讨和研究.1封闭体系中反应动力学特征根据实验和文献,在硫化合物的氧化动力学曲线中Pt电位、pH及其一些氧化剂中间物的浓度(… 相似文献
3.
4.
根据铂电极上硫化物电催化氧化的反应机理,本文提取动力学模型并利用数值模拟研究了N型负微分阻抗(N-NDR)振荡区域的电极表面时空反应动力学.在均相体系模拟中观察到电流简单振荡和复杂振荡,其来源于双电层电势自催化与传质限制和毒化物种吸附负反馈的相互耦合.为了更接近于真实体系,在模型中考虑了平行和垂直于电极表面两个方向的传质过程.模拟结果发现了与实验现象具有相同演化行为的复杂斑图,如行波和闪烁波;同时在传质耦合体系模拟中观察到双电层电势双臂螺旋波.本研究工作促进对电化学体系时空斑图的理解和预测. 相似文献
5.
6.
作为研究非线性时空动力学最理想的化学反应体系之一,三联(2,2'-联吡啶)钌(Ⅱ)(Ru(bpy)32+)为催化剂的Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ)振荡反应具有独特的光敏特性并能呈现丰富的时空动力学行为。研究光控BZ反应有助于我们对一系列物理、化学和生命体系中复杂动力学现象的理解。本文综述了不同实验条件下光效应对钌催化BZ反应均相复杂振荡和空间反应扩散化学波的影响, 以及光响应BZ反应与软物质耦合体系的复杂动力学行为,在此基础上介绍光抑制和光诱导反应机理和模型。对光控BZ反应体系存在的问题和发展方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
在许多信息传递系统中都存在延迟现象,相关研究表明,耦合振子系统中的延迟作用能导致振死、多节律混沌、空间斑图和波等现象,其中多数现象已经得到的实验验证.图灵斑图与生物成型素具有潜在的联系,使其在理论和实验方面得到了多方面的研究.Barrio等发现图灵体系间的耦合作用可以得到与生物界相似的复杂斑图.Yang等也在耦合体系中发现了一系列新型图灵斑图. 相似文献
8.
悬浮床加氢裂化水溶性催化剂的筛选与表征 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
催化加氢作用, 当金属组分A和组分B浓度分别为 15 μg/g ~ 25 μg/g 和 1100 μg/g~1300 μg/g时催化剂具有较好的催化加氢活性。两元水溶性催化剂硫化后的XPS、XRD和TEM分析结果表明:活性组分经硫化反应后生成了金属硫化物,但组分A硫化率不足50%;组分B易硫化结晶,其晶粒成为组分A的硫化物晶粒或颗粒分散的“载体”,使组分A的硫化物具有较高的分散度,提高了催化剂的加氢活性;A-B双金属水溶性催化剂经硫化反应后所形成的颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右,说明两元金属催化剂在硫化结晶过程中确实存在相互分散和抑制晶粒增长的作用。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
12.
Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
13.
The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
14.
Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
15.
KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
16.
N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
17.
Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
18.
Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献
19.
20.
《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献