Selective Reduction of an Aromatic Nitro Group to an Azoxy Unit in the Presence of an Aliphatic Nitro Group

Summary. Chemoselective reduction of 1-nitro-2-(2-nitro-2-methylpropyl)-benzene to 2,2′-di-(2-nitro-2-methylpropyl)-azoxybenzene was achieved with sodium borohydride in methanol in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of bismuth, whereas reduction with zinc in hydrochloric acid gave a mixture of the latter, 1-amino-2-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-benzene, and 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrocinnoline, and showed poor reproducibility. The crystal structure of the azoxybenzene was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Corresponding author. E-mail: siemeling@uni-kassel.de Received August 26, 2002; accepted September 2, 2002     

Reversible Rearrangements of 2,4,6-Trinitrophehyl Group in an Amidine System

Tautomeric 1,3-N, N′-migrations of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group in the derivatives of N, N′-diarylbenzamidine and N, N′-diarylformamidine have been studied by quantum-chemical simulations using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) method of density functional theory.     

Behaviour of the Primary Nitro Group Under Denitration Conditions

ABSTRACT

Treatment of per-O-acetylated or acetalated glycosylnitromethanes derived from the common hexoses and pentoses with tributyltin hydride and a catalytic amount of a radical initiator [1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile)] in refluxing benzene easily afforded the corresponding glycosylmethanal oximes in 84-97% yields. Per-O-acetylated C-β-glycopyranosylmethanal oximes were employed for synthesis of versatile C-β-glycopyranosyl cyanides of the β-D-gluco, β-D-manno, β-D-galacto, β-D-xylo, and β-L-rhamno configurations.     

Transesterification of Sucrose in Organic Medium: Study of Acyl Group Migrations

The tendency of the acyl groups located on the glucose part of sucrose fatty acid esters to undergo intramolecular migrations in organic medium and the regioselectivity of some transesterifications of sucrose were investigated by HPLC, in situ NMR spectroscopy and preparative methods. Extensive acylation on secondary positions of the glucose moiety followed by migrations is general for base catalysed transesterification. The stability of 3‐ and 6‐O‐acyl derivatives, two isomers being thermodynamically favored compared to others, was studied in a series of conditions. It is shown that the presence of water catalyzes the migration of the ester at OH‐3 towards OH‐6 in organic basic medium, whereas the ester at OH‐6 appears more stable under either acidic or basic conditions.     

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Analogues of Chlorantraniliprole Containing Nitro Group

Twelve novel analogues of chlorantraniliprole containing nitro group were synthesized,and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS).Their evaluated insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata) indicate that the nitro-containing analogues showed favorable insecticidal activities,while the activity of compounds 5g at 0.25mg/L was 40%,but still lower than chlorantraniliprole.     

Oxone® Promoted Nef Reaction. Simple Conversion of Nitro Group Into Carbonyl

A mild and convenient oxidative Nef reaction using Oxone^® (potassium hydrogen persulfate) is described. Following our procedure primary and secondary nitroalkanes generate carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively, both in good yields.

     

后重氮偶合法制备含硝基偶氮苯咔唑类聚合物

后重氮偶合;咔唑;生色团;后重氮偶合法制备含硝基偶氮苯咔唑类聚合物     

硝基芳环和硝基杂芳环中氢的替代亲核取代

氢的替代亲核取代反应(VNS)是与硝基芳环的亲电反应、亲核反应不同的一种新反应. 将VNS与硝基芳环的亲电反应、亲核反应做比较, 阐述了VNS的定义; 通过对竞比实验、速控步骤和动力学同位素效应的分析, 解释了VNS的反应机理; 分别从硝基芳环的结构、亲核试剂的类型和反应条件三方面讨论了影响VNS定位效应的因素; 介绍了VNS反应的应用, 尤其是VNS胺化反应在军事化学中的实际应用.     

Substitution Reaction of Nitro Group on α-Nitrostyrene by Organozinc Halides under Microwave Irradiation

In recent years, organozinc reagents (R2Zn and RZnX) have been proved to be very useful in organic synthesis. [1] And the application of organozinc halides (RZnX) in organic synthesis has been extensively investigated.     

Kinetics of Reversible Gravitational Coagulation in a Spatially Uniform Disperse System

Spatially uniform disperse system where the processes of coagulation, fragmentation, and sedimentation of fractal aggregates occur simultaneously, was discussed. Kinetics of the passage of such system from the initial state, where the dispersed phase was already separated into fine and coarse fractions, to a new equilibrium state was studied. The enlargement of aggregates takes place both due to the capture of the particles of fine fraction and their adherence during collisions. Disintegration of aggregates occurs by the detachment of fragments from the aggregate surface under the action of hydrodynamic stresses arising during aggregate sedimentation. The solution of the coagulation–fragmentation equations indicates that, at the intermediate stage of a process, the aggregate mass distribution density is characterized by polymodal structure, which is degenerated into bimodal by the end of the passage.     

一种含硝基的Plakoric酸类似物的合成

Synthesis of a nitro analogue of plakoric acid is presented. The peroxy bond was incorporated into the substrate structure through a boron trifluoride etherate catalyzed methoxy-hydroperoxy group partial exchange reaction in diethyl ether with urea-hydrogen peroxide complex （UHP, a commercially available solid reagent） as the source of the hydrogen peroxide. Under the given conditions, only one of the two methoxyl groups underwent the MeO—— OOH exchange and the resulting hydroperoxy hemiketal proceeded directly to the end product through an intramolecular Michael addition of the hydroperoxyl group to the nitro group activated carbon-carbon double bond.     

硝基基团修饰的金属有机框架化合物的合成及晶体结构表征

分别以2种硝基羧酸配体EBNB（1,2-二（3-硝基苯甲酸）-乙烯）和NPA（3-硝基邻苯二甲酸）与BPY（4,4’-联吡啶）及金属锌反应,配位溶剂热法合成了2种具有硝基基团修饰的二核金属簇为基本构筑单元的金属有机框架化合物[Zn₂（EBNB）₂（BPY）₂·2H₂O]_n（1）和[Zn₂（NPA）₂（BPY）₂·H₂O]_n（2）。通过X-射线单晶衍射法测定了2种配合物的结构,其中配合物1属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=0.81862（9）nm,b=1.14220（14）nm,c=1.42863（17）nm,α=96.8030（10）°,β=93.0450（10）°,γ=102.472（2）°,V=1.2908（3）nm³,Z=2,M_r=595.81,D_c=1.533g·cm^-3,μ=1.01mm^-1,F（000）=608,T=293（2）K;配合物2属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.15406（14）nm,b=1.19086（16）nm,c=1.45952（19）nm,α=98.029（1）°,β=98.749（1）°,γ=113.579（2）°,V=1.7719（4）nm³,Z=2,M_r=879.35,D_c=1.648g·cm^-3,μ=1.43mm^-1,F（000）=892,T=293（2）K。同时也对2种配合物的发光性能进行了测试,测试结果表明2种配合物具有较好的荧光性能。     

硝基基团修饰的金属有机框架化合物的合成及晶体结构表征

分别以2种硝基羧酸配体EBNB(1,2-二(3-硝基苯甲酸)-乙烯)和NPA(3-硝基邻苯二甲酸)与BPY(4,4′-联吡啶)及金属锌反应,配位溶剂热法合成了2种具有硝基基团修饰的二核金属簇为基本构筑单元的金属有机框架化合物[Zn2(EBNB)2(BPY)2·2H2O]n(1)和[Zn2(NPA)2(BPY)2·H2O]n(2)。通过X-射线单晶衍射法测定了2种配合物的结构,其中配合物1属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=0.818 62(9)nm,b=1.142 20(14)nm,c=1.428 63(17)nm,α=96.803 0(10)°,β=93.045 0(10)°,γ=102.472(2)°,V=1.290 8(3)nm3,Z=2,Mr=595.81,Dc=1.533 g·cm-3,μ=1.01 mm-1,F(000)=608,T=293(2)K;配合物2属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.154 06(14)nm,b=1.190 86(16)nm,c=1.459 52(19)nm,α=98.029(1)°,β=98.749(1)°,γ=113.579(2)°,V=1.771 9(4)nm3,Z=2,Mr=879.35,Dc=1.648 g·cm-3,μ=1.43 mm-1,F(000)=892,T=293(2)K。同时也对2种配合物的发光性能进行了测试,测试结果表明2种配合物具有较好的荧光性能。     

Studies on the Reduction of the Nitro Group in 4-Nitroindazoles by Anhydrous SnCl2 in Different Alcohols

The bakers' yeast reduction of a number of alkyl levulinates occurs in good to moderate yields to give the corresponding (S) alcohols in > 98% ee. The (S) alcohol la has been converted to synthetically useful (S)- or (R)-4- methylbutyro-lactone and (S)-(+)-l,4-pentanediol in good yields.