微波合成SrTiO3的工艺、结构与性能研究

应用微波会成这一材料合成新方法制备SrTiO3，研究了不同工艺条件下微波合成产物的结构，确定出制备纯净SrTiIO。的合成条件．对微波合成的工艺及其影响因素进行详细的探索，从合成产物的显微结构、粒度分布、比表面积、烧结性能等方面比较了微波合成与常规固相合成的差别，结果表明微波合成与各种常规方法相比有合成时间短、合成工艺简单、合成产物性能好等特点，是一种有发展潜力的材料合成技术．     

二茂铁甲氨基烷氧基硅烷的合成与水敏感性研究

以二茂铁甲氨基醇与氯硅烷反应，合成了１２种二茂铁甲氨基烷氧基硅烷，研究了该化合物的合成方法，水敏感性与结构的关系，并由元素分析，红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱鉴定了化合物的结构。     

聚酯酰胺的合成及表征

用两种方法合成了聚酯酰胺（ＰＥＡ）共聚物．一种是两步法，即先合成对苯二甲酸乙醇酰胺（ＢＡＥＴ）单体，然后与对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＢＨＥＴ）共缩聚；另一种是一步法．即在酯交换反应中直接添加乙醇胺（ＥＡ）．两种方法制得的聚酯酰胺（ＰＥＡ）共聚物测试证明了为产物，并分析了合成中的化学反应．     

新型超支化聚芳酰胺的合成及表征

以3，5—二硝基苯甲酰氯和对氨基苯甲酸为原料，经两步反应合成了新型AB2型单体4—(3，5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)苯甲酸。在溶液中通过自缩聚反应合成了新型超支化聚芳酰胺，将其活性端氨基与酰氯反应，经原位改性合成了五种封端的超支化聚芳酰胺，并利用IR、^1HNMR、DSC及TG等方法对所合成的六种新型超支化聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。     

非对称取代脲的合成与应用

总结了合成非对称取代脲的几种方法，分析了各种方法的利弊，介绍了非对称 取代脲的主要应用，指出直接利用一氧化碳进行硒催化的胺与硝基化合物的氧化还 原羰基化反应来合成非对称取代脲的方法是比较有发展前景的方法，并对硒催化的 氧化还原羰基化反应作了较为详细的介绍。     

一种连有C_60功能基团的聚磷腈的合成

采用一种后功能化的方法合成一种连有C_60侧基的聚磷腈高分子，即首先合成 了连有苄溴基团的聚磷腈，然后将苄溴基团转换为叠氮基团，再合成连有C_60侧基 的聚磷腈高分子，通过核磁、红外、紫外可见光谱、分子量测定等手段对所得高分 子进行了鉴定，此合成方法为聚磷腈功能材料的合成提供了一条新途径。     

螯合型二甘醇钛酸酯的合成及其催化性能研究

报导了两种新的螯合型二甘醇钛酸酯的合成方法，进行了ＩＲ和ＵＶ鉴定，并作为酯化反应催化剂催化合成了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。研究了酯化反应转化率与反应时间、反应温度及催化剂用量的关系，探讨了催化剂结构与催化性能的关系。     

酶催化合成酰胺类化合物的研究进展

酰胺官能团具有重要的药理作用，是许多生物活性物质的关键结构单元。据报道，超过25%的已知药物中含有酰胺键结构。研究与发展酰胺类化合物的高效合成方法始终是制药行业的重要任务之一。近年来，生物催化技术的发展为酰胺键的构建提供了一种较为经济绿色的合成方法，丰富了酰胺类化合物的合成策略。本文综述了生物酶催化合成酰胺类化合物的相关研究进展。      

15种1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷类香料化合物的合成

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，巯基乙醇分别与羰基化合物在苯中共沸脱水，合成了15种1，3－氧硫杂环戊烷类香料化合物，经IR、GC－MS和^1H NMR分析，确证了产物结构。此合成方法简便易行。     

溶胶－凝胶化学与无机/有机杂化高聚物材料的合成

溶胶－凝胶过程是合成无机固体材料的一种常用手段，但将其应用到合成聚合物新材料上则是一种新型的方法。本文介绍了溶胶－凝胶过程在合成无机／有机杂化聚合物中的应用，并讨论了采用这种方法所得到的材料的性能。     

ω-氯氟烷基醇,烯烃及环氧化物的合成

本文报道在引发剂存在下, ω-氯氟烷基碘与烯丙基化合物(CH~2=CH-CH~2X, X=OH,OAC) 及乙烯基化合物CH~2=CH-OAC 发生自由基加成反应, 生成相应的加成产物Cl(CF~2)~nCH~2CHICH~2OH (2a～d), Cl(CF~2)~nCH~2CHICH~2OAC (3a～d)和Cl(CF~2)~nCH~2CHIOAC (4a～d) , 产率较好.2a～d用LiAlH~4脱碘生成Cl(CF~2)~nCH~2CH~2CH~2OH(5a～d), 反应条件温和. 2a～d与KOH-CH~3OH反应， 主要得到醇Cl(CF~2)~nCH=CHCH~2OH (6a～c), 若2a～d与NaOH-水溶液反应则得到环氧丙烷化合物. 在少量HOAC存在下， 异丙醇溶剂中， 锌粉与2a～d和3a～d反应得到消除产物Cl(CF~2)~n-CH~2CH=CH~2 (8a～d) . 4a～d与锌反应，再经KOH-CH~3OH-H~2O水解得到Cl(CF~2)~n(CH~2)~2OH(10a～d).     

H_2O_2氧化N_2生成N_2O和H_2O机理的研究

采用量子化学计算方法研究了Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 生成Ｎ２Ｏ 和Ｈ２Ｏ 的机理．结果发现, Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 先通过１ 个四元环过渡态形成中间体Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 分子,Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 再通过一个五元环过渡态形成Ｎ２Ｏ和Ｈ２Ｏ．根据计算得到的每步反应的活化能,得知Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 生成中间体Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 分子是整个反应的控制步骤．     

Boron/nitrogen substitution of the central carbon atoms of the biphenalenyl diradical π dimer: a novel 2e-12c bond and large NLO responses

On the basis of the famous staggered biphenalenyl diradical π dimer 1, the eclipsed biphenalenyl (1a), with no centrosymmetry, was obtained by rotating a layer of 1 by 60° around its central axis. Furthermore, the central carbon atoms of 1 and 1a were substituted by boron and nitrogen atoms to form 2 and 2a with a novel 2e-12c bond. We found that the novel 2e-12c bond is formed by the electron pair of the occupied orbital of the phenalenyl monomer substituted by the nitrogen atom and the unoccupied orbital of the phenalenyl monomer substituted by the boron atom. As a result of the novel 2e-12c bond, 2 and 2a exhibit a fascinating interlayer charge-transfer transition character, which results in a significant difference in the dipole moments (Δμ) between the ground state and the crucial excited state. The values of Δμ for 2 and 2a are 6.4315 and 6.9253 Debye, clearly larger than the values of 0 and 0.0015 Debye for 1 and 1a. Significantly, the boron/nitrogen substitution effect can greatly enhance the first hyperpolarizabilities (β(0) ) of 2 and 2a with a novel 2e-12c bond compared with 1 and 1a with a traditional 2e-12c bond: 0 and 19 a.u. for 1 and 1a are much lower than 3516 and 12272 a.u. for 2 and 2a. Furthermore, the interaction energies (E(int) )of 2 and 2a are larger than those of 1 and 1a, which could be considered as a signature of reliability for the newly designed dimers. Our present work will be beneficial for further theoretical and experimental studies on the properties of molecules with the novel 2e-12c bond.     

Hf3 cluster is triply (sigma-, pi-, and delta-) aromatic in the lowest D3h, 1A1' state

The extensive search for the global minimum structure of Hf3 at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory revealed that D3h 3A2' (1a1'(2)1a2'(2)1e'(4)2a1'(2)1e'2) and D3h 1A1' (1a1'(2)2a1'(2)1e'(4)1a2'(2)3a1'2) are the lowest triplet and singlet states, respectively, with the triplet state being the lowest one. However, at the CASSCF(10,14)/Stuttgart+2f1g level of theory these two states are degenerate, indicating that at the higher level of theory the singlet state could be in fact the global minimum structure. The triplet D3h 3A2' (1a1'21a2'(2)1e'(4)2a1'(2)1e'2) structure is doubly (sigma- and pi-) aromatic and the singlet D3h 1A1' (1a1'(2)2a1'(2)1e'(4)1a2'(2)3a1'2) structure is the first reported triply (sigma-, pi-, and delta-) aromatic system.     

CuCl/SiO2-TiO2 催化剂的结构及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化反应性能

 在微波辐射条件下, 将 CuCl 快速分散到载体表面制得 CuCl/SiO2-TiO2 催化剂, 利用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、N2 吸附-脱附、热重、H2 程序升温还原和 CO 程序升温脱附对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 微波辐射制备的催化剂中 CuCl 和载体发生了强相互作用, 比传统加热制备的催化剂中形成更多的易还原铜物种, 吸附 CO 的能力更强. 在甲醇液相氧化羰基化反应中, 微波辐射制备的催化剂上甲醇转化率为 11.7%, 碳酸二甲酯选择性达 96.5%, 高于相同条件下传统加热制备催化剂的活性.     

Co—MgO催化剂上NO—程序升温表面反应和NO—CH4反应

ＮＯ，程序升温表面反应（ＴＰＳＲ），ＮＯ－ＣＨ４反应，Ｃｏ－ＭｇＯ     

氧化锆担载镍甲烷干重整催化剂的载体形貌效应

煤层气是储量十分丰富的煤炭伴生资源,也是煤炭开采中最大的安全隐患之一,同时还是重要的温室气体.研究煤层气的高效、清洁资源化利用具有资源和环境双重意义.因此,世界主要产煤国均十分重视煤层气的开发和利用.煤层气的主要成分是甲烷,目前主要通过两种方式实现其资源化利用:(1)直接转化,主要通过氧化偶联、催化氧化官能团化或脱氢芳构化等途径将其转化为高碳烃、含氧化合物及芳烃等;(2)间接转化,甲烷首先经催化重整反应制取合成气,而后再经Fischer-Tropsch合成、甲醇化和氢甲酰化等过程来合成饱和烃、烯烃、甲醇及其他含氧化物.对于前者,由于热力学限制,反应收率很低,应用前景较差,而经由合成气这一平台产物的间接转化路线被认为是一条甲烷资源化利用颇具工业前景的转化路线.因此,甲烷催化重整制合成气备受关注.研究表明,贵金属具有较好的甲烷重整催化性能,但其储量有限、价格昂贵的内在缺陷不利于甲烷大规模转化和资源化利用.Ni基催化剂具有与贵金属可比的催化活性和选择性,且其储量丰富,价格低廉,因此在甲烷重整反应中备受青睐.但是,相对于贵金属,Ni基催化剂易于积碳和烧结失活,这已成为制约其大规模工业化应用的瓶颈.迄今,大量文献报道关注如何提高Ni基催化剂的催化稳定性.而载体形貌调控是调节负载型催化剂的有效途径.本文开展了用作载Ni催化剂的氧化锆载体的形貌调控研究,以期可以有效调节载Ni催化剂的物化性质,进而调控载Ni催化剂的甲烷重整催化性能.采用水热法成功制备了松球状和鹅卵石状的单斜相氧化锆载体,进一步负载镍,制备了载镍催化剂,用于甲烷重整制合成气反应.具有分级结构的松球状氧化锆载Ni催化剂(Ni/ZrO2-ipch)展示出比鹅卵石状氧化锆和常规氧化锆纳米粒子载Ni催化剂显著好的催化活性和稳定性.采用XRD、N2吸附、TEM、H2-TPR、CO化学吸附、CO2-TPD、XPS和TGA等手段研究了松球状氧化锆载Ni催化剂高催化活性和稳定性的原因和机制.发现,其较高的催化活性主要归因于高的Ni分散度、改善的可还原性、促进的氧流动性以及较多的碱性位和较强的碱性,这些物化性质依赖于氧化锆载体的独特形貌.分级结构的松球状氧化锆载Ni催化剂高的甲烷重整催化稳定性主要源于催化剂的高抗烧结、抗积碳性能.加强的金属载体效应和介孔限域效应可以阻止金属Ni的高温烧结,而优良的抗积碳稳定性主要源于催化剂良好的氧流动性、较多的碱性位、较强的碱性以及小的Ni粒子尺寸.鉴于分级结构松球状氧化锆载Ni催化剂高的催化活性和优良的抗积碳、抗烧结稳定性,该催化剂用于甲烷重整制合成气具有广阔前景.而所制备的分级结构松球状氧化锆由于具有独特的结构和优良的热稳定性,可以作为性能优良的载体用于其他反应,尤其对于高温转化过程可望表现出明显优势.     

Reversible intramolecular C-C bond formation/breaking and color switching mediated by a N,C-chelate in (2-ph-py)BMes2 and (5-BMes2-2-ph-py)BMes2

A diboron compound with both 3-coordinate boron and 4-coordinate boron centers, (5-BMes2-2-ph-py)BMes2 (1) and its monoboron analogue, (2-ph-py)BMes2 (2) have been synthesized. Both compounds are luminescent but have a high sensitivity toward light. UV and ambient light cause both compounds to isomerize to 1a and 2a, respectively, via the formation of a C-C bond between a mesityl and the phenyl group, accompanied by a drastic color change from yellow or colorless to dark olive green or dark blue. The structures of 1a and 2a were established by 2D NMR experiments and geometry optimization by DFT calculations. Both 1a and 2a can thermally reverse back to 1 and 2 via the breaking of a C-C bond, with the activation barrier being 107 and 110 kJ/mol, respectively. The N,C-chelate ligands in 1 and 2 were found to play a key role in promoting this unusual and reversible photo-thermal isomerization process on a tetrahedral boron center. Reactions with oxygen molecules convert 1a and 2a to 5-BMes2-2-[(2-Mes)-ph]-pyridine (1b) and 2-(2-Mes)-ph-pyridine (2b), respectively.     

Sequential reaction intermediates in aliphatic C-H bond functionalization initiated by a bis(mu-oxo)dinickel(III) complex

The reaction of [Ni2(OH)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (1) (Me2-tpa = bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) with H2O2 causes oxidation of a methylene group on the Me2-tpa ligand to give an N-dealkylated ligand and oxidation of a methyl group to afford a ligand-based carboxylate and an alkoxide as the final oxidation products. A series of sequential reaction intermediates produced in the oxidation pathways, a bis(mu-oxo)dinickel(III) ([Ni2(O)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (2)), a bis(mu-superoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(O2)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (3)), a (mu-hydroxo)(mu-alkylperoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(OH)(Me2-tpa)(Me-tpa-CH2OO)]2+ (4)), and a bis(mu-alkylperoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(Me-tpa-CH2OO)2]2+ (5)), was isolated and characterized by various physicochemical measurements including X-ray crystallography, and their oxidation pathways were investigated. Reaction of 1 with H2O2 in methanol at -40 degrees C generates 2, which is extremely reactive with H2O2, producing 3. Complex 2 was isolated only from disproportionation of the superoxo ligands in 3 in the absence of H2O2 at -40 degrees C. Thermal decomposition of 2 under N2 generated an N-dealkylated ligand Me-dpa ((6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) and a ligand-coupling dimer (Me-tpa-CH2)2. The formation of (Me-tpa-CH2)2 suggests that a ligand-based radical Me-tpa-CH2* is generated as a reaction intermediate, probably produced by H-atom abstraction by the oxo group. An isotope-labeling experiment revealed that intramolecular coupling occurs for the formation of the coupling dimer. The results indicate that the rebound of oxygen to Me-tpa-CH2* is slower than that observed for various high-valence bis(mu-oxo)dimetal complexes. In contrast, the decomposition of 2 and 3 in the presence of O2 gave carboxylate and alkoxide ligands, respectively (Me-tpa-COO- and Me-tpa-CH2O-), instead of (Me-tpa-CH2)2, indicating that the reaction of Me-tpa-CH2* with O2 is faster than the coupling of Me-tpa-CH2* to generate ligand-based peroxyl radical Me-tpa-CH2OO*. Although there is a possibility that the Me-tpa-CH2OO* species could undergo various reactions, one of the possible reactive intermediates, 4, was isolated from the decomposition of 3 under O2 at -20 degrees C. The alkylperoxo ligands in 4 and 5 can be converted to a ligand-based aldehyde by either homolysis or heterolysis of the O-O bond, and disproportionation of the aldehyde gives a carboxylate and an alkoxide via the Cannizzaro reaction.     

Insertion of CO2, CS2, and COS into iron(II)-hydride bonds

The reactions between cis-Fe(dmpe)2H2 (dmpe = Me2PCH2CH2PMe2) (1) or cis-Fe(PP3)H2 (PP3 = P(CH2CH2PMe2)3) (2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon disulfide (CS2), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) are investigated. At 300 K, additions of CO2 (1 atm), CS2 (2 equiv), and COS (1 atm) to 1 result in the formation of a stable transformato hydride, trans-Fe(dmpe)2(OCHO)H (3a), a trans-dithioformato hydride, trans-Fe(dmpe)2(SCHS)H (4a), and a trans-thioformato hydride, trans-Fe(dmpe)2(SCHO)H (5a), respectively. When CS2 and COS are added to cis-Fe(dmpe)2H2 at 195 K, a cis-dithioformato hydride, 4b, and a cis-thioformato hydride, 5b, respectively, are observed as the initially formed products, but there is no evidence of the corresponding cis-formato hydride upon addition of CO2 to cis-Fe(dmpe)2H2. Additions of excess CO2, CS2, and COS to 1 at lower temperatures (195-240 K) result in the formation of a trans-bis(formate), trans-Fe(dmpe)2(OCHO)2 (3b), a trans-bis(dithioformate), trans-Fe(dmpe)2(SCHS)2 (4c), and a cis-bis(thioformate), cis-Fe(dmpe)2(SCHO)2 (5c), respectively. trans-Fe(dmpe)2(SCHO)2 (5d) is prepared by the addition of excess COS at 300 K. Additions of CO2 (1 atm), CS2 (0.75 equiv), and COS (1 atm) to 2 at 300 K result in the formation of a thermally stable, geometrically constrained cis-formato hydride, cis-Fe(PP3)(OCHO)H (6a), a cis-dithioformato hydride, cis-Fe(PP3)(SCHS)H (7a), and a cis-thioformato hydride, cis-Fe(PP3)(SCHO)H (8a), respectively. Additions of excess CO2 and COS to 2 yield a cis-bis(formate), cis-Fe(PP3)(OCHO)2 (6b), and a thermally stable cis-bis(thioformate), cis-Fe(PP3)(SCHO)2 (8b), respectively. All complexes are characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, with IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses confirming structures of thermally stable complexes where possible. Complexes 3b and 5a are also characterized by X-ray crystallography.