南昌市某地区学龄前儿童血液中微量元素含量探讨

目的通过对南昌市某地区950名学龄前儿童血样分析,探讨该地区婴幼儿血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁含量的正常水平及其与年龄、性别的关系。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法测定南昌某地区0~7岁学龄前儿童血液中微量元素铜、锌、钙、镁、铁的含量,对其结果进行统计学分析。结果血铁、锌在各年龄组间有显著性差异(P0.05),血铜、钙、镁在各年龄组间差异不显著(P0.05),铁、钙、镁的含量随年龄的增加呈下降趋势,但均在正常水平。结论既往儿童普遍存在的钙缺乏现象已得到纠正,各年龄组儿童锌、铁缺乏常见,儿童膳食中锌、铁的补充亦应得到进一步重视。     

23种中国和法国小麦样品及小麦面粉样品的九种元素的分析

通过采电电感耦合等离子发射光谱对10种法国小麦样品、2种中国小麦样品、7种法国小麦面粉样品以及4种中国面粉样品进行了钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、钼、钾及磷共9种微和常量元素的含量分析.结果表明:小麦样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾和镁,其次为钙、铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.小麦面粉样品中元素含量最高的为磷、钾、钙和镁,其次为铁、锌、锰、铜和钼.法国小麦样品中的1号样品(TREMIE)是居第一位的含微量元素量较高的小麦品种,中国小麦面粉样品的11号样品(标粉)是居第一位含微量元素较高的小麦面粉样品.其中对人体有益的元素远远不能满足人体的需要.     

1152例婴儿血中6种元素检测结果的分析

为探讨婴儿体内铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅微量元素的含量及其与年龄、性别的关系,测定了1 152例湖南长沙地区1岁内婴儿指末梢全血中6种元素铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和铅的含量,对其结果进行了统计分析。结果表明,所测婴儿元素铁、锌缺乏最显著,其次是钙缺乏;铜、镁无明显失衡;血铅超标的水平较低;不同性别之间6种元素含量的差异无统计学意义。提示在长沙地区的孕婴保健中,应加强锌、钙与铁的合理补充。     

西安市老年人末梢血铜、锌、铁、镁、钙元素含量分析

为调查60岁以上老年人体内微量元素及钙、镁的含量,采用原子吸收光谱法对西安市60岁以上的老年人末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量进行了测定,观察了5元素的缺乏率及随年龄的增长5元素的缺乏情况.结果表明,60岁以上老年人,元素过量的情况鲜见;铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的缺乏率分别为37.87%0,11.76%,21.51%,2....     

广西黑老虎中微量元素测定

采用原子吸收光谱法测定广西黑老虎中锰、铁、铜、锌、镁、钙等6种微量元素,并与笋干和16种蔬菜中6种微量元素含量进行比较,结果发现,黑老虎中锰、铁、铜、锌、镁、钙等6种微量元素含量均较高,其中锰、钙、铜、锌含量高于笋干,锰、铁、铜、锌含量远远高于16种蔬菜中微量元素的含量,钙含量高于部分蔬菜含量。提示广西黑老虎中含有丰富的人体所需微量元素,作为药用植物,具有极高的药用价值。     

成都市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素检测结果的分析

为探讨成都市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素的缺乏现状及其含量与年龄和性别的关系,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对23 932例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁和铁元素进行了检测,用SPSS 16.0做了统计分析.结果表明,所测学龄前儿童末梢血铁、锌元素缺乏严重;铜、锌、钙和铁元素含量在年龄上呈现一定变化规律,铜元素在男女...     

沈阳市学龄前儿童末梢血矿物质检测结果分析

为了解沈阳市学龄前儿童体内矿物质钙、铁、锌、铜、镁的含量与年龄和性别的关系,探讨防治其缺乏的综合措施,利用BH 5100型原子吸收光谱仪对3483例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁和铁元素进行了检测,采用SPSS 17．0软件进行统计分析。结果表明,该地区学龄前4个不同年龄组儿童末梢血锌、钙、铁、铜元素缺乏严重,分别占总样本的66．90％、39．76％、32．5％和26．87％;3～岁组末梢血中钙、铁、锌、镁含量与其它年龄组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,各元素在性别问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。该地区学龄前儿童钙、铁、锌、铜失衡明显,应加强营养素的合理搭配及矿物质的补充,保证儿童的健康成长。     

佝偻病婴幼儿血微量元素测定及临床研究

为探讨婴幼儿佝偻病和血微量元素锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、铅、镉水平的关系,以2003-2004年在保健门诊就诊的佝偻病婴幼儿120例为研究组,随机选择同一时期进行常规保健的健康婴幼儿100例为对照组,用原子吸收分光光度法对两组小儿进行了血锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、铅、镉含量测定。结果表明,佝偻病组血锌(52.42±12.80)μmol/L,与对照组相比差异非常明显(P<0.001);血铁(7.21±2.5)μmol/L,血铅(65±18.23)μg/L,与对照组相比差异明显(P<0.05)。可见佝偻病婴幼儿多伴有锌、铁缺乏和血铅偏高,治疗的同时要注意补锌补铁,并要防治铅过量。     

西安市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素检测结果分析

为探讨西安市学龄前儿童末梢血微量元素现状及其含量与年龄及性别的关系,对2 350例学龄前儿童末梢血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素进行了测定,用SPSS 16.0做统计分析.结果表明,受检儿童末梢血中锌、钙、铁缺乏严重,铜和锌含量在年龄上具变化规律,且铜在性别间存在显著差异.提示应充分认识微量元素对儿童健康的重要性,定期对...     

128例脑性瘫痪血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁元素分析

为探讨小儿脑性瘫痪(CP)体内微量元素的变化,测定了128例脑性瘫痪患者血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁含量,随机选择128例正常儿童进行对照分析。结果表明,两组病例血锌、铜、镁均在正常范围,脑瘫组血钙56例、铁45例低于正常参考值,健康组血钙16例、铁11例低于正常参考值。经统计学处理,两组病例中血钙、铁、铜、镁含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05),血锌无显著性差异(P>0.05)。提示脑瘫儿童血钙、铁、铜、镁含量均低于正常儿童,补充钙、铁、镁等可能有利于脑瘫康复。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。