皮尔斯电子枪非迭代综合法的修正

对Tiwary非迭代综合法进行了整理分析,根据阴极半锥角大小的不同范围对其计算公式做出了相应修正,使得计算结果与Vaughan迭代综合法的计算结果相吻合,二者之间相差可以实现小于1°;对阳极半径公式也做了合理的修正,使阳极与阴极之间的间隙及电子枪射程的计算精度也与迭代综合法相当。采用非迭代法的修正方法计算精度受阴极半锥角大小的影响大大减小,扩大了其应用范围。     

对皮尔斯电子枪综合法的改进

在低压缩比、低导流系数情况下,对Vaughan迭代综合法因阴极半锥角初始值取得不合理而失效的原因进行了分析,并对其中的迭代公式进行了合理修正。采用Vaughan迭代综合法和修正后的迭代综合法验算了13支不同性能的电子枪,结果表明：采用修正迭代法,阴极半锥角初始值即使在0°~70°取值,都能得出正确的计算结果。在原来Vaughan法适应的情况下,修正法与原方法的阴极半锥角结果之间差值小于1°;在原来Vaughan法失效的情况下(如低导流系数、低压缩比小于7),改进后的方法也能得到接近实测值的合理结果。     

对皮尔斯电子枪综合法的改进

 在低压缩比、低导流系数情况下,对Vaughan迭代综合法因阴极半锥角初始值取得不合理而失效的原因进行了分析,并对其中的迭代公式进行了合理修正。采用Vaughan迭代综合法和修正后的迭代综合法验算了13支不同性能的电子枪,结果表明：采用修正迭代法,阴极半锥角初始值即使在0°~70°取值,都能得出正确的计算结果。在原来Vaughan法适应的情况下,修正法与原方法的阴极半锥角结果之间差值小于1°;在原来Vaughan法失效的情况下(如低导流系数、低压缩比小于7),改进后的方法也能得到接近实测值的合理结果。     

轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法再讨论

 对轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法进行了整理分析,就阴极半锥角的初始值对迭代综合法的收敛性能所产生的影响进行了讨论,针对低压缩比条件下原来的Vaughan公式失效的问题进行了分析,给出了更为合理的初始值计算公式。采用修正后的公式和迭代综合法对电子枪进行设计,在高压缩比情况下的设计结果与采用原来Vaughan方法的结果完全一致;而对于低压缩比的情况,也得到了合理的设计,从而解决了原来的Vaughan方法在低压缩比情况下失效的问题,扩大了迭代综合法的应用范围。     

轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法再讨论

对轴对称收敛型电子枪设计方法进行了整理分析,就阴极半锥角的初始值对迭代综合法的收敛性能所产生的影响进行了讨论,针对低压缩比条件下原来的Vaughan公式失效的问题进行了分析,给出了更为合理的初始值计算公式。采用修正后的公式和迭代综合法对电子枪进行设计,在高压缩比情况下的设计结果与采用原来Vaughan方法的结果完全一致;而对于低压缩比的情况,也得到了合理的设计,从而解决了原来的Vaughan方法在低压缩比情况下失效的问题,扩大了迭代综合法的应用范围。     

强流电子枪电子光学性能的研究

利用SLAC-226程序对一种工业用大功率电子加速器(450kW)的电子枪光学系统性能进行了研究。计算程序以带电粒子的洛伦兹力运动方程的相对论形式为基础,在充分考虑了空间电荷效应和电子自身产生磁场的情况下编写而成。在该程序中,网格的划分采用正方形网格;解泊松方程采用半迭代切比雪夫法;解轨迹方程采用四阶龙格 库塔法。经过对轴上电位的优化计算,得到了轴上电场的分布,电子轨迹以及阳极孔处的径迹斜率等结果,并且对外加电场与空间电荷场对束流的聚焦作用作了比较分析。计算发现,电子初始角和初始能量（对束流的）聚焦性能影响很小,二极管间距 d=58.5mm时对束流聚焦最有利。     

强流电子枪电子光学性能的研究

 利用SLAC-226程序对一种工业用大功率电子加速器(450kW)的电子枪光学系统性能进行了研究。计算程序以带电粒子的洛伦兹力运动方程的相对论形式为基础，在充分考虑了空间电荷效应和电子自身产生磁场的情况下编写而成。在该程序中，网格的划分采用正方形网格；解泊松方程采用半迭代切比雪夫法；解轨迹方程采用四阶龙格 库塔法。经过对轴上电位的优化计算，得到了轴上电场的分布，电子轨迹以及阳极孔处的径迹斜率等结果，并且对外加电场与空间电荷场对束流的聚焦作用作了比较分析。计算发现，电子初始角和初始能量（对束流的）聚焦性能影响很小，二极管间距 d=58.5mm时对束流聚焦最有利。     

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采用简化阴极的一维边界层模型,将同轴磁旋转电弧等离子体发生器的阴极与弧柱耦合求解,使用FLUENT软件,数值模拟了不同锥角阴极的形状对磁分散电弧等离子体、阴极弧根和阳极弧根位形的影响.结果表明:阴极弧根具有扩散特征,其电流密度为107A·m-2量级;阴极形状的改变引起阴极弧根位形和电流密度分布变化,从而影响等离子体参数分布;随着阴极锥角的增大,阴极弧根从阴极前端移动到阴极侧面,等离子体区域向下游偏移,等离子体轴向厚度减小.     

锥顶碳纳米管的结构稳定性与场致发射性能

运用密度泛函理论研究了锥顶碳纳米管的结构稳定性与电子场致发射性能.结果表明:在外电场作用下,该体系的结构稳定性明显优于碳纳米锥体、C₃₀半球封口的碳纳米管,且电子发射性能与锥角大小、锥顶构型密切相关,特别是锥角38.9°及棱脊型顶部的cone₁@(6,6)综合性能最优,用其作为场致发射源的阴极时可显著提高发射电流密度并延长器件的使用寿命. 关键词： 锥顶碳纳米管 电子场致发射 结构稳定性 密度泛函理论     

使用叠栅层析技术测量超音速风洞中的非对称复杂密度场

使用叠栅层析技术解决超音速风洞中复杂密度场的测量难题。应用高灵敏度叠栅偏折仪和间隔角度旋转模型的方法获取超音速风洞中流场的多方向叠栅条纹图。层析计算中使用一种新的偏折角修正迭代的叠栅层析算法,该方法可以实现对有限角采样和包含遮挡物的非完全数据重建,迭代过程中结合内边界平滑滤波提高重建精度。实验中获取了马赫数为2.52的超音速风洞中9幅不同采样角的条纹图,经过50次迭代计算后重建出膨胀波区非对称密度场的截面分布,并对测量结果和误差进行了分析和讨论。使用计算流体力学技术对该密度场进行建模和计算,验证了叠栅层析重建结果的正确性,证实了该技术在测量复杂流场领域的重要价值。     

Design and optimization of a cavitating device for Congo red decolorization: Experimental investigation and CFD simulation

The aim of this work is to perform design and optimization of a cavitating device based on CFD simulation. A set of operational and geometrical parameters such as convergence angle, divergence angle, length of throat, and inlet pressure that can affect the hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon generating in a Venturi are evaluated through CFD simulation and experimental approaches. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to achieve the optimum geometrical configuration. The CFD results show that the maximum cavitation zone in the Venturi can be obtained when half angle of the convergence section, throat length and half angle of the divergence section are 22.7°, 4 mm, and 6.5°, respectively. A maximum decolorization of 38.8% has been obtained using the designed Venturi at cavitation number (Cv) of 0.12. Additionally, the results were compared to that of various orifice plates. A decolorization of 26.2% using 33 holes orifice plate and 11.55% in one hole orifice plate approved the superiority of the designed Venturi.     

Phase-only stereoscopic hologram calculation based on Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm

A phase-only computer-generated holography(CGH) calculation method for stereoscopic holography is proposed in this paper.The two-dimensional(2D) perspective projection views of the three-dimensional(3D) object are generated by the computer graphics rendering techniques.Based on these views,a phase-only hologram is calculated by using the Gerchberg–Saxton(GS) iterative algorithm.Comparing with the non-iterative algorithm in the conventional stereoscopic holography,the proposed method improves the holographic image quality,especially for the phase-only hologram encoded from the complex distribution.Both simulation and optical experiment results demonstrate that our proposed method can give higher quality reconstruction comparing with the traditional method.     

彩色变焦照明系统设计

针对基于RGB混色技术在小角度、近距离空间内较难实现彩色LED,且有关彩色变焦照明相关文献也较少的问题,设计了一款彩色变焦照明系统。系统主要由LED光源、TIR透镜、微结构透镜组成,可在650mm处实现良好混色照明,变焦范围为4.2°~9.1°(半光强角),且变焦照明过程中,在光强下降为20%的角度内能量利用率达85%以上,半光强角内的能量利用率始终在75%以上,满足设计要求。     

Pressure based finite volume method for calculation of compressible viscous gas flows

A pressure based, iterative finite volume method is developed for calculation of compressible, viscous, heat conductive gas flows at all speeds. The method does not need the use of under-relaxation coefficient in order to ensure a convergence of the iterative process. The method is derived from a general form of system of equations describing the motion of compressible, viscous gas. An emphasis is done on the calculation of gaseous microfluidic problems. A fast transient process of gas wave propagation in a two-dimensional microchannel is used as a benchmark problem. The results obtained by using the new method are compared with the numerical solution obtained by using SIMPLE (iterative) and PISO (non-iterative) methods. It is shown that the new iterative method is faster than SIMPLE. For the considered problem the new method is slightly faster than PISO as well. Calculated are also some typical microfluidic subsonic and supersonic flows, and the Rayleigh–Bénard convection of a rarefied gas in continuum limit. The numerical results are compared with other analytical and numerical solutions.     

Wideband characterization of the complex wave number and characteristic impedance of sound absorbers

Several methods for measuring the complex wave number and the characteristic impedance of sound absorbers have been proposed in the literature. These methods can be classified into single frequency and wideband methods. In this paper, the main existing methods are revisited and discussed. An alternative method which is not well known or discussed in the literature while exhibiting great potential is also discussed. This method is essentially an improvement of the wideband method described by Iwase et al., rewritten so that the setup is more ISO 10534-2 standard-compliant. Glass wool, melamine foam and acoustical/thermal insulator wool are used to compare the main existing wideband non-iterative methods with this alternative method. It is found that, in the middle and high frequency ranges the alternative method yields results that are comparable in accuracy to the classical two-cavity method and the four-microphone transfer-matrix method. However, in the low frequency range, the alternative method appears to be more accurate than the other methods, especially when measuring the complex wave number.