梯度计算的集合变分方案及其在大气Ekman层湍流系数反演中的应用

大气Ekman层湍流系数的准确计算对数值天气预报和污染物扩散计算有着重要的意义. 将集合计算和变分法结合起来, 提出了目标泛函梯度计算的集合变分方案, 并根据正演模式的线性化情况提出了两种计算流程. 利用这种集合变分梯度算法及两种流程对Ekman层湍流系数进行了反演试验, 结果表明这种算法实施简单、方便, 根据观测资料能够比较准确地反演湍流系数值. 关键词： 梯度计算 集合变分 湍流系数 反演     

一维无迭代自适应网格技术在Burgers方程中的应用

基于变分原理的自适应网格技术需用迭代法求解,非常耗时.故提出了一种新的自适应网格技术,根据权函数曲线下面积相等的原则,重新分布格点位置,一步到位,无需迭代,大大提高了自适应网格技术的效率.利用具有解析解的一维Burgers方程对这一新技术进行验证,发现它能根据不同的权函数确定不同的格点分布;对同一种权函数,当其随时间变化时,对应的格点分布也相应变化.研究表明:该技术能根据问题的求解,在解的大梯度区自动加密网格,从而可计算出激波.     

中子扩散方程的混合间断有限元法

构造了求解二维两群中子扩散方程的混合间断有限元格式,研制了相应的计算程序.计算结果表明这个格式是可行的.为了提高计算精度,还需进一步深入系统研究     

基于二阶离散变分方法的非线性映射参数估计

提出一种估计非线性映射未知参数的二阶离散变分方法.首先针对非线性离散混沌系统, 利用变分方法导出了伴随方程和目标泛函梯度, 以此为基础利用二阶离散变分方法给出了二阶伴随方程和精确计算Hessian矩阵-向量乘积的显式表达式; 其次设计了估计非线性映射未知参数的新算法, 并以此对Hyperhenón映射和二维抛物映射中的未知参数进行了精确的估计. 数值仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和优点. 关键词： 非线性映射 参数估计 二阶离散变分方法 伴随方程     

Compressed MRI reconstruction exploiting a rotation-invariant total variation discretization

Inspired by the first-order method of Malitsky and Pock, we propose a new variational framework for compressed MR image reconstruction which introduces the application of a rotation-invariant discretization of total variation functional into MR imaging while exploiting BM3D frame as a sparsifying transform. In the first step, we provide theoretical and numerical analysis establishing the exceptional rotation-invariance property of this total variation functional and observe its superiority over other well-known variational regularization terms in both upright and rotated imaging setups. Thereupon, the proposed MRI reconstruction model is presented as a constrained optimization problem, however, we do not use conventional ADMM-type algorithms designed for constrained problems to obtain a solution, but rather we tailor the linesearch-equipped method of Malitsky and Pock to our model, which was originally proposed for unconstrained problems. As attested by numerical experiments, this framework significantly outperforms various state-of-the-art algorithms from variational methods to adaptive and learning approaches and in particular, it eliminates the stagnating behavior of a previous work on BM3D-MRI which compromised the solution beyond a certain iteration.     

Variational Sparse Bayesian Learning for Estimation of Gaussian Mixture Distributed Wireless Channels

In this paper, variational sparse Bayesian learning is utilized to estimate the multipath parameters for wireless channels. Due to its flexibility to fit any probability density function (PDF), the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is introduced to represent the complicated fading phenomena in various communication scenarios. First, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to the parameter initialization. Then, the variational update scheme is proposed and implemented for the channel parameters’ posterior PDF approximation. Finally, in order to prevent the derived channel model from overfitting, an effective pruning criterion is designed to eliminate the virtual multipath components. The numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms the variational Bayesian scheme with Gaussian prior in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE) and selection accuracy of model order.     

Adaptive variational curve smoothing based on level set method

This paper presents an adaptive method for variational curve smoothing based on level set implementation. A suitable cost functional is minimized via solving the derived Euler–Lagrangian equation, of which the discretization is conducted on unstructured triangular meshes by employing a simple and effective finite volume scheme. Through adaptive refinement of the mesh, the geometry features of the given curve can be well resolved in a cost-effective way. Various numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

A toy cosmology: Radiation from moving mirrors,the final equilibrium state and the instantaneous model of particle

The behaviour of two equal mirrors when they are moved under the force of a quantized sealar massless field is studied via a numerical solution of the system of equations. The field force on each surface is deduced using a variational principle. Then it is proved that the mirrors evolve to a final equilibrium state (with constant velocity), if an external energy greater than the initial field energy is given to the system, independently of how the work that produces the energy is done. Furthermore an instantaneous model of particle is proposed and the Casimir Energy for the moving mirrors is calculated. Several features of the system are similar to those of a cosmological model, therefore using a theorem of Parker some cosmological results are extrapolated.     

An approach to NLO QCD analysis of the semi-inclusive DIS data with the modified Jacobi polynomial expansion method

The modification of the Jacobi polynomial expansion method (MJEM) is proposed on the basis of the application of the truncated moments instead of the full ones. This allows us to reconstruct the local quark helicity distributions with high precision even for the narrow Bjorken x region accessible for measurement, using as an input only the four first moments extracted from the data in the next to leading order QCD. The variational (extrapolation) procedure is also proposed allowing us to reconstruct the distributions outside the accessible Bjorken x region using the distributions obtained with MJEM in the accessible region. The numerical calculations encourage one that the proposed variational (extrapolation) procedure could be applied to estimate the full first (especially important) quark moments.     

Electrical and thermal conductivity of the neutral Hubbard model

The electrical and thermal conductivities are calculated in the weak coupling region within the half-filled-band Hubbard model. A derivation of the energy-current operator is given and the electron-phonon interaction is introduced into the model. Using a variational principle for the Boltzmann equation the average relaxation times are determined for both transport mechanisms. The results are compared with the resistance due to impurity scattering. For numerical purposes a combined density of states is established.     

等离子体非相对论性平均原子模型中类氢波函数

详述等离子体中非相对论性平均原子模型的诸方程,给出整个方程系统的求解步骤、数值技巧以及程序设计的具体细节.将变分法和试验势法得到的半解析结果与完全数值解以及略有差异的模型得到的数值解进行比较,指出该模型及其算法的优点和不足.     

Variational quantum support vector machine based on Hadamard test

Classical machine learning algorithms seem to be totally incapable of processing tremendous amounts of data, while quantum machine learning algorithms could deal with big data with ease and provide exponential acceleration over classical counterparts. Meanwhile, variational quantum algorithms are widely proposed to solve relevant computational problems on noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices. In this paper, we apply variational quantum algorithms to quantum support vector machines and demonstrate a proof-of-principle numerical experiment of this algorithm. In addition, in the classification stage, fewer qubits, shorter circuit depth, and simpler measurement requirements show its superiority over the former algorithms.     

基于守恒高阶模型的动态交通分配建模与仿真

针对路网中的动态交通分配问题,采用高阶守恒模型（CHO）进行建模与数值研究,并推广高阶守恒模型二进二出路口的Riemann问题;同时将高阶守恒模型与动态网络加载（DNL）模型相结合,通过变分不等式对动态网络加载模型进行分析.数值模拟采用一阶有限体积法求解高阶守恒模型,同时采用梯度下降方法迭代求解动态网络加载模型的变分不等式问题,最终以动态用户最优条件为目标实现分配均衡.数值结果表明CHO模型与DNL模型结合解决动态交通分配问题是可行的,对传统模型的研究有一定的指导意义.     

厄尔尼诺和南方涛动海气耦合模型中参数估计的变分方法

提出一种基于变分原理估计厄尔尼诺和南方涛动海气耦合模型中未知参数的方法. 首先将所研究的非线性海气耦合动力方程引入到目标泛函中; 接着利用变分方法导出伴随方程和待辨识参数泛函梯度的公式; 然后设计了估计未知参数的算法.数值试验结果表明变分方法是一 种能有效估计海气耦合非线性系统未知参数的方法.     

First-order system least squares and the energetic variational approach for two-phase flow

This paper develops a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation for equations of two-phase flow. The main goal is to show that this discretization, along with numerical techniques such as nested iteration, algebraic multigrid, and adaptive local refinement, can be used to solve these types of complex fluid flow problems. In addition, from an energetic variational approach, it can be shown that an important quantity to preserve in a given simulation is the energy law. We discuss the energy law and inherent structure for two-phase flow using the Allen–Cahn interface model and indicate how it is related to other complex fluid models, such as magnetohydrodynamics. Finally, we show that, using the FOSLS framework, one can still satisfy the appropriate energy law globally while using well-known numerical techniques.     

考虑渗透率张量的非均质油藏有限元数值模拟方法

针对具有混合边界的非均质油藏,考虑全张量形式的渗透率,建立弹性微可压缩单相流体不稳定渗流问题的数学模型.根据变分原理,将压力微分方程的边值问题转化为泛函的极值问题,建立渗流模型的有限元方程.针对典型的均质和非均质渗流问题进行模拟计算,得到油藏内压力动态分布曲线,并分析曲线特征.研究表明,有限元法计算精度很高,适用于求解利用渗透率张量表征的非均质油藏渗流问题.为非均质油藏的开发和精细油藏数值模拟提供了理论依据.     

Perturbative expansion using a variational phonon basis for the Holstein model

A simple variational displacement phonon basis, obtained through the modified Lang-Firsov (MLF) transformation, is proposed to study the Holstein model. This phonon basis contains only one variational parameter, but capable of describing lattice distortions at distant sites from the charge carrier. A perturbation method based on this MLF basis is employed to calculate the single-electron ground-state energy and the dispersion of the polaronic band. The ground-state (k=0) energy obtained up to the second-order perturbation within this approach agrees well with the available numerical results for the entire range of coupling strength.     

A local approach to the computation of correlation energies of molecules

A new variational approach is introduced for the calculation of correlation energies of molecules. It is based on the local character of the correlated electron motion. Based on the approach we calculate correlation energies for simple systems. These include various Hubbard models as well as a model of the H₆-ring for which exact results are available. Our finding is that the proposed approach appears to be simpler and more economical for numerical work than conventional CI-methods. More than 90% of the correlation energy is obtained in all cases considered.     

自由界面等离子体平衡的变分原理

在自由界面情况下用求位能汛函极值的变分原理推出了等离子体平衡所需满足的平衡方程和边界条件;其泛函的Euler方程即为具有自由界面条件的磁面函数方程。也给出了便于计算的变分泛函,它相当于等值面边界问题。对于导体壁为简单几何形状的情况,用Rit法进行了数值计算。 关键词：