A spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin lattice Boltzmann method for nearly incompressible flows

We present a spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin lattice Boltzmann method for solving nearly incompressible flows. Decoupling the collision step from the streaming step offers numerical stability at high Reynolds numbers. In the streaming step, we employ high-order spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin discretizations using a tensor product basis of one-dimensional Lagrange interpolation polynomials based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre grids. Our scheme is cost-effective with a fully diagonal mass matrix, advancing time integration with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. We present a consistent treatment for imposing boundary conditions with a numerical flux in the discontinuous Galerkin approach. We show convergence studies for Couette flows and demonstrate two benchmark cases with lid-driven cavity flows for Re = 400–5000 and flows around an impulsively started cylinder for Re = 550–9500. Computational results are compared with those of other theoretical and computational work that used a multigrid method, a vortex method, and a spectral element model.     

采用连续/不连续单元边界元法的声学灵敏度分析

采用连续单元与不连续单元混合离散建模的方法,将源点与场点分别划分为连续单元与不连续单元,由于两种网格节点互不重合,从而可以有效避免边界元法中奇异积分的问题。该方法简单易执行,利于工程应用。将该边界元公式应用于声学灵敏度分析中,所得的公式可以用来计算设计参数的改变而导致的场点声压改变量,为验证这一方法的正确性,以脉动球为例进行声灵敏度计算,并与常单元方法比较,证实了该方法的准确性。     

The research of space-time coupled spectral element method for acoustic wave equations

A space-time coupled spectral element method based on Chebyshev polynomials is presented for solving time-dependent wave equations.Acoustic propagation problems in1+1,2+1,3+1 dimensions with the Dirichlet boundary conditions are simulated via space-time coupled spectral element method using quadrilateral,hexahedral and tesseractic elements respectively.Space-time coupled spectral element method can obtain high-order precision over time.With the same total number of nodes,higher numerical precision is obtained if the higher-order Chebyshev polynomials in space directions and lower-order Chebyshev polynomials in time direction are adopted.Numerical illustrations have indicated that the space-time algorithm provides higher precision than the semi-discretization.When space-time coupled spectral element method is used,time subdomain-by-subdomain approach is more economical than time domain approach.     

Galerkin时空耦合谱元法求解声波动方程

提出了时空耦合谱元方法,并将其用于带第一类边界条件的非齐次一维、二维、三维波动方程的求解。分别采用四边形、六面体和超六面体作为计算单元,在每个单元内采用Chebyshev多项式的极值点作为Lagrange插值节点,并且探讨了区域剖分方式对计算精度的影响。时空耦合谱元法能够得到精度很高的数值结果,并且其色散随时间推移是稳定的;当总网格节点数相同时,不同的网格剖分方式所得数值误差不同,当空间方向Chebyshev多项式的阶数较高和时间方向Chebyshev多项式的阶数较低时,得到的数值精度较高;在总节点数相同的情况下,与时间全域方式相比,逐时间子区域方式计算所需要的时间更经济,两种方式可以得到相同的精度。结果表明:时空耦合谱元方法使时空方向精度相匹配,可以提高整体精度;空间方向的Chebyshev多项式对数值精度起主要影响作用;时间子区域方式的采用可以扩大问题的计算区域。      

A note on Hamiltonian structures for compressible,stratified and incompressible fluids

Relationships between Hamiltonian structures for compressible, stratified and incompressible fluids are examined and shown to be closely related, using an approach and perspective different to that adopted by Verosky.     

A finite element analysis of perforated component acoustic systems

A Lagrangian energy expression is presented that is suitable for finite element analysis of perforated component acoustic systems. This technique can be applied to systems with complex shaped boundaries and is not restricted to the limited geometry that inhibits the traditional one-dimensional techniques. The technique has been applied to automotive muffler component configurations and has been verified experimentally. Perforate flow effects have also been included.     

A spectral finite element for analysis of wave propagation in uniform composite tubes

A spectral finite element model (SFEM) for analysis of coupled broadband wave propagation in composite tubular structure is presented. Wave motions in terms of three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom at tube cross-section are considered based on first order shear flexible cylindrical bending, torsion and secondary warping. Solutions are obtained in wavenumber space by solving the coupled wave equation in 3-D. An efficient and fully automated computational strategy is developed to obtain the wavenumbers of coupled wave modes, spectral element shape function, strain-displacement matrix and the exact dynamic stiffness matrix. The formulation emphasizes on a compact matrix methodology to handle large-scale computational model of built-up network of such cylindrical waveguides. Thickness and frequency limits for application of the element is discussed. Performance of the element is compared with analytical solution based on membrane shell kinematics. A map of the distribution of vibrational modes in wavelength and time scales is presented. Effect of fiber angle on natural frequencies, phase and group dispersions are also discussed. Numerical simulations show the ease with which dynamic responses can be obtained efficiently. Parametric studies on a clamped-free graphite-epoxy composite tube under short-impulse load are carried out to obtain the effect of various composite configurations and tube geometries on the response.     

Acoustoelastic analysis of reflected waves in nearly incompressible, hyper-elastic materials: forward and inverse problems

Many materials (e.g., rubber or biologic tissues) are "nearly" incompressible and often assumed to be incompressible in their constitutive equations. This assumption hinders realistic analyses of wave motion including acoustoelasticity. In this study, this constraint is relaxed and the reflected waves from nearly incompressible, hyper-elastic materials are examined. Specifically, reflection coefficients are considered from the interface of water and uni-axially prestretched rubber. Both forward and inverse problems are experimentally and analytically studied with the incident wave perpendicular to the interface. In the forward problem, the wave reflection coefficient at the interface is evaluated with strain energy functions for nearly incompressible materials in order to compute applied strain. For the general inverse problem, mathematical relations are derived that identify both uni-axial strains and normalized material constants from reflected wave data. The validity of this method of analysis is demonstrated via an experiment with stretched rubber. Results demonstrate that applied strains and normalized material coefficients can be simultaneously determined from the reflected wave data alone if they are collected at several different (but unknown) levels of strain. This study therefore indicates that acoustoelasticity, with an appropriate constitutive formulation, can determine strain and material properties in hyper-elastic, nearly incompressible materials.     

A finite element analysis of parallel-coupled acoustic systems using subsystems

A Lagrangian energy expression is presented that is suitable for finite element analysis of parallel-coupled acoustic systems, as a series of subsystems. The analysis can proceed in small stages, thereby being versatile and economic in computing costs. The technique has been applied to automotive muffler configurations and has been verified experimentally.     

一个新的用于不可压磁流体动力学的格子波尔兹曼模型

绝大多数现有的格子波尔兹曼磁流体动力学模型其实是用可压缩方法来模拟不可压磁流体。而这些可压缩效应在数值模拟中往往会带来意想不到的误差。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个全新的可用于的不可压格子波尔兹曼磁流体动力学模型，并且进行了哈特曼流的数值模拟。模拟结果与哈特曼流的解析解非常吻合。这个方法需要一个假设条件来消除误差。我们做了大量的数值试验，并且与Dellar教授的模型进行了详细的分析与比较。     

Regular algorithm for the automatic refinement of the spectral characteristics of acoustic finite element models

A new method is presented for the automatic refinement of finite element models of complex mechanical–acoustic systems using the results of experimental studies. The method is based on control of the spectral characteristics via selection of the optimal distribution of adjustments to the stiffness of a finite element mesh. The results of testing the method are given to show the possibility of its use to significantly increase the simulation accuracy of vibration characteristics of bodies with arbitrary spatial configuration.     

A improved incompressible lattice Boltzmann model for time-independent flows

It is well known that the lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBE) can model the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations in the limit where density goes to a constant. In a LBE simulation, however, the density cannot be constant because pressure is equal to density times the square of sound speed, hence a compressibility error seems inevitable for the LBE to model incompressible flows. This work uses a modified equilibrium distribution and a modified velocity to construct an LBE which models time-independent (steady) incompressible flows with significantly reduced compressibility error. Computational results in 2D cavity flow and in a 2D flow with an exact solution are reported.     

A cochlear model for acoustic emissions

Variability in cochlear emission properties among different species, particularly humans and small mammals, and within individuals in the same species, is modeled by a cochlear nonlinear transmission line. The difference between humans and animals is largely explained by a lower cochlear input impedance in human ears than in cats, gerbils, or chinchillas. Inconstancy in emission properties among individual human or animal subjects is related to structural variability among ears, which can be the result of a nonuniform connection between the outer hair cells cilia and the tectorial membrane. These structural differences are modeled by a nonuniform cochlear partition resistance along the cochlear length. The model predicts that an ear which has a uniform cochlear partition resistance and an adequate cochlear input impedance will emit acoustic distortion products (ADP), but not spontaneous acoustic emission (SAE), nor click-evoked emission (CE). Only a nonuniform cochlea emits SAE and CE in addition to enhanced ADPs. The model predictions agree quantitatively with cochlear emission data from humans and animals.     

A stochastic model for acoustic attenuation

Propagation of waves in gases or liquids has been observed for a long time in homogeneous or non-homogeneous media. In acoustics, attenuation is a significant problem which is studied mainly through the 'equations of change' of fluid mechanics. These equations are based only on the macroscopic characteristics of the medium. Microscopic variations, related to other phenomena like Brownian motion or critical opalescence, are not taken into account. This paper provides a random one-ray model. This model explains the proportionality between the standard attenuation and the product between length and frequency squared in a logarithmic scale. The wave is shown to be necessarily associated with noise, even if this noise cannot be observed by devices. Furthermore, the 'coefficient of variation' defined in turbulent environments can be explained as a random version of the usual coefficient of attenuation.     

A conjugated infinite element method for half-space acoustic problems

Many acoustic problems (especially in environmental acoustics) involve half-space domains bounded by a plane subjected to normal admittance boundary conditions. In the "low" frequency domain, the numerical treatment of such problems usually relies on boundary element methods based on a particular Green's function suited for the half-(admittance) plane. In the present paper, an alternative hybrid finite/infinite element scheme is proposed. The method relies on a direct treatment of nonhomogeneous boundary conditions along infinite element edges (or faces). The procedure is validated through comparisons with an available reference solution.     

弹性波传播模拟的Chebyshev谱元法

通过在每一个单元中采用谱展开近似,Chebyshev谱元法兼具了有限元处理边界及复杂结构的灵活性和谱方法的快速收敛特性,为弹性波传播的数值模拟提供了一种有效工具。从加权余量原理出发,详细阐述了Chebyshev谱元法用于弹性波传播模拟的基本理论及相应数学公式.给出了使用Chebyshev正交多项式展开得到的,存在等参变换时有关单元质量矩阵和单元刚度矩阵的精确积分公式。同时应用逐元技术极大地减少了内存和计算需求.最后,两个数值算例被用于验证这种谱元方法的高精度和强适应性。     

正交异性钢桥面板声发射波三维谱元法模拟及损伤定位*

针对大跨度桥梁正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳损伤评估与结构健康监测需求,开展基于声发射波场谱元法模拟的大型复杂板类结构损伤定位研究。采用Legendre高阶插值三维时域谱元法模拟声发射波在正交异性钢桥面板中的传播过程,验证了其内部显著的反射、衍射和频散现象,并代替人工预断铅实测试验获得大量声发射数据。然后,利用赤池信息准则判定声发射波到达各传感器的时间,通过高斯过程回归建立到达时差与声发射源位置的关系模型,用于未知损伤的定位监测。数值模型实验结果表明,赤池信息准则和高斯过程回归改进的时差图法在正交异性钢桥面板中的平均定位误差为37.3 mm(25 dB信噪比工况),平板的定位精度高于U肋。谱元法模拟有望代替繁琐的预断铅实测试验,提升声发射时差图系列损伤定位方法的实用性。