On the singular behavior at the vertex of a bi-material wedge

Information on the singular behavior at the vertex of a bi-material wedge is the objective of this paper. A summary of the necessary conditions, which depend heavily on the associated eigenvalue equation, for stress singularities of O(r ^- 1n r) as r0 or O(r ^-) as r0 is stated. The eigenvalue equations arising from a wide range of boundary and interface conditions are then provided. Bi-material wedge problems that have been subjected to singularity analyses of some generality in the literature are briefly reviewed.     

Singular perturbations in free convection

A second order solution to the problem of free convection from a vertical surface has been obtained using the method of perturbations. It has been shown that the perturbation solution gives divergent solutions at the leading edge, but is otherwise satisfactory. Further, using the first order outer solution, a coordinate system, optimal in the sense ofKaplun, has been obtained. It is shown that this coordinate system presents a free convection flow field which is more satisfactory than that given by the classical Pohlhausen solution.     

Higher order fields at crack and notch tips in power-law materials under longitudinal shear

Summary Singular fields and higher order fields near a sharp notch in a power-law material under longitudinal shear are investigated. Using the perturbation method the whole set of eigenvalues is determined. The higher order eigensolutions are constructed by use of the dominant singular solution. Some examples, including the special case of a crack are discussed for different boundary conditions.

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Felder höherer Ordnung an Riß- und Kerbspitzen unter nichtebener Schubbelastung in Materialien mit Potenzverfestigungsgesetz

Übersicht Untersucht werden singuläre Felder und Felder höherer, Ordnung an Spitzkerben unter nichtebener Schubbelastung in Materialien mit Potenzgesetz. Die Eigenwerte werden mittels der Störungsrechnung ermittelt. Die Bestimmung der Eigenlösungen höherer Ordnung erfolgt unter Verwendung der dominierenden singulären Lösung. Einige Beispiele, die auch den Spezialfall des Risses einschließen, werden für unterschiedliche Randbedingungen diskutiert.

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr.-Ing. F. G. Kollmann on the occasion of his sixtieth Birthday     

Photoelastic analysis of the singular stress field in a bimaterial wedge

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the singular stress field near the vertex of a bimaterial wedge using a digital photoelastic technique. Special attention is given to the casting of bimaterial wedge specimens and analysis technique for extracting stress intensity factors from photoelastic samples. Different bimaterial wedge specimens are made of two different photoelastic materials bonded through a special casting procedure and loaded in simple tension. A new multiple-parameter method is developed to obtain the stress intensity factor reliably from the isochromatic fringe patterns and the series representation of the stress field at the vertex of the wedge. Experimental results are compared with finite element predictions, and good agreement is observed.     

Material electromagnetic fields and material forces

Electromagnetic fields address configurational forces in a natural way through an energy–stress tensor, which reduces to the Maxwell tensor in the simplest case. This tensor is related to physical forces and to the Cauchy traction in a continuum. Material forces, as opposed to physical forces, are of a different nature as they act upon a site of a continuum where the possible material inhomogeneity is located. A material energy–stress tensor, which is reminiscent of the Maxwell stress, is associated with these forces. Through appropriate balance laws, a material momentum is also associated with material forces. The material momentum is of particular interest in electromagnetic materials as it is intimately related to the pseudomomentum of light [Peierls in Highlights of Condensed Matter Physics, pp. 237–255 (1985) and in Surprises in Theoretical Physics, pp. 91–99 (1979); Thellung in Ann. Phys. 127, 289–301 (1980)]. The balance law for the material momentum can be derived either from the classical physical laws or independently of them. This derivation, which is based on the material electromagnetic potentials and the related gauge transformations, is discussed and commented on for an electromagnetic body.     

Singular loadings in elasticity problems and singular solutions of the corresponding integral equations

The method of singular integral equations is an efficient method for the formulation and numerical solution of plane and antiplane, static and dynamic, isotropic and anisotropic elasticity problems. Here we consider three cases of singular loadings of the elastic medium: by a force, by a moment and by a loading distribution with a simple pole. These loadings cause corresponding singularities in the right-hand side function and in the unknown function of the integral equation. A method for the numerical solution of the singular integral equation under the above singular loadings is proposed and the validity of this equation at the singular points is investigated.     

Singularities of physical fields at the apex of a piezoceramic wedge (plane strain)

A uniform piezoceramic wedge is studied. Singularities of coupled physical fields at the apex of the wedge are investigated with homogeneous boundary conditions on its faces. The problem is solved by using complex representations of the components of the electroelastic field for two basic types of mechanical and electrical boundary conditions. The results of computations are presented. Sumy State University, Ukraine. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 89–92, March, 1999.     

Singular stress fields of angle-ply and monoclinic bimaterial wedges

The characteristic equations for the order of stress singularity of anisotropic bimaterial wedges subjected to traction boundary conditions are investigated. For an angle-ply bimaterial wedge, both fully bonded and frictional interfaces are considered, whereas for a monoclinic bimaterial wedge, a frictional interface is considered. Here, the Stroh formalism and the separation of variables technique are used. In general, the order of stress singularity can be real or complex, but for the special geometry of a crack along the frictional interface of a monoclinic composite, it is always real. Explicit characteristic equations for the order of singularity are presented for an aligned orthotropic composite with a frictional interface. Numerical results are given for an angle-ply bimaterial wedge and a monoclinic bimaterial wedge consisting of a graphite/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite.     

Singular integral inequalities with several nonlinearities and integral equations with singular kernels

We deal with an integral inequality with a power nonlinearity on its left-hand side, n nonlinearities on its right-hand side, and weakly singular kernels. The obtained result is an extension of the Bihari, Henry, Pachpatte, and Pinto inequalities and results obtained by the author. Using these results, we prove sufficient conditions for the existence of global solutions of some nonlinear Volterra integral equations with singular kernels and n nonlinearities. Published in Neliniini Kolyvannya, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 71–80, January–March, 2007.     

Bond-based peridynamic modelling of singular and nonsingular crack-tip fields

A static meshfree implementation of the bond-based peridynamics formulation for linearly elastic solids is applied to the study of the transition from local to nonlocal behavior of the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of a crack front and other sources of stress concentration. The long-range nature of the interactions between material points that is intrinsic to and can be modulated within peridynamics enables the smooth transition from the square-root singular stress fields predicted by the classical (local) linear theory of elasticity, to the nonsingular fields associated with nonlocal theories. The accuracy of the peridynamics scheme and the transition from local to nonlocal behavior, which are dictated by the lattice spacing and micromodulus function, are assessed by performing an analysis of the boundary layer that surrounds the front of a two dimensional crack subjected to mode-I loading and of a cracked plate subjected to far-field tension.     

Transient electromagnetic fields in a lossy dielectric slab

The problem of the determination of transient fields in a lossy dielectric slab, irradiated by an electromagnetic plane wave, is solved by analytical evaluation of the inverse Laplace transform of the step response. The response to a modulated step is also considered. Numerical examples are given having in mind applications to the microwave heating of biological bodies.     

Inelastic deformation of conductive bodies in electromagnetic fields

Inelastic deformation of conductive bodies under the action of electromagnetic fields is analyzed. Governing equations for non-stationary electromagnetic field propagation and elastic–plastic deformation are presented. The variational principle of minimum of the total energy is applied to formulate the numerical solution procedure by the finite element method. With the proposed method, distributions of vector characteristics of the electromagnetic field and tensor characteristics of the deformation process are illustrated for the inductor–workpiece system within a realistic electromagnetic forming process.     

Singular stress fields in masonry structures: Derand was right

The idea of a no-tension (NT) material underlies the design of masonry structures since antiquity. Based on the NT model, the safety of the structure is a problem of geometry rather than of strength materials, in the same spirit of the “rules of proportion” of the medieval building tradition. The use of singular stress fields for equilibrium problems of NT materials in 2d, has been recently proposed by Lucchesi et al. to produce statically admissible stress fields; here we introduce a simple way to construct singular stresses, based on the Airy’s stress formulation. We interpret the singular part of such stress fields as axial contact forces acting on ideal 1d structures arising inside the body, in the same spirit of Strut and Tie methods. A number of simple problems of equilibrium concerning typical walls, arches and portals, is solved in terms of stress fields having regular and singular parts, by adopting the direct and the stress function formulation. The validity of the rules of proportion described by Derand and Gil is also verified.