Invariants for quadratic forms

Simple systems of invariants for rational and integral quadratic forms are given, and those for rational forms are proved complete in an elementary way. Some noninvariants of quadratic forms appear, but are not concerned with invariants of objects other than quadratic forms. Our treatment of noninvariants of objects other than quadratic forms is minimal, and it is here that there is most room for further investigation.     

On the mechanism of stability loss

We consider linear systems of differential equations admitting functions in the form of quadratic forms that do not increase along trajectories in the course of time. We find new relations between the inertia indices of these forms and the instability degrees of the equilibria. These assertions generalize well-known results in the oscillation theory of linear systems with dissipation and clarify the mechanism of stability loss, whereby nonincreasing quadratic forms lose the property of minimum.     

Restrictions of Quadratic Forms to Lagrangian Planes,Quadratic Matrix Equations,and Gyroscopic Stabilization

We discuss the symplectic geometry of linear Hamiltonian systems with nondegenerate Hamiltonians. These systems can be reduced to linear second-order differential equations characteristic of linear oscillation theory. This reduction is related to the problem on the signatures of restrictions of quadratic forms to Lagrangian planes. We study vortex symplectic planes invariant with respect to linear Hamiltonian systems. These planes are determined by the solutions of quadratic matrix equations of a special form. New conditions for gyroscopic stabilization are found.     

Existence of Lyapunov functions of variable sign for linear extensions of dynamical systems on a torus

The problem of the existence of quadratic forms that have a positive definite derivative along the solutions of linear extensions of dynamical systems on a torus is considered. Assuming the existence of quadratic forms whose derivative is positive definite only with respect to part of the variables, conditions ensuring the existence of a quadratic form whose derivative is already positive definite with respect to all variables are found.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 1713–1717, December, 1990.     

Polynomial inverse integrating factors for quadratic differential systems

We characterize all the quadratic polynomial differential systems having a polynomial inverse integrating factor and provide explicit normal forms for such systems and for their associated first integrals. We also prove that these families of quadratic systems have no limit cycles.     

Deformations of Diophantine Systems for Quadratic Forms of the Cubic Lattices

The method of deformation is applied to quadratic Diophantine systems determined by the cubic lattices . The method allows one to find from known formulas for the number of representations of quadratic forms by a genus of forms an infinite set of other formulas for equations and systems with smaller number of variables. Bibliography: 5 titles.     

Investigation of Exponential Dichotomy of Itô Stochastic Systems by Using Quadratic Forms

For linear stochastic systems, we obtain sufficient conditions for mean-square exponential dichotomy in terms of Lyapunov functions that are quadratic forms.     

Quadratic systems with a rational first integral of degree three: a complete classification in the coefficient space ℝ12

A quadratic polynomial differential systemcan be identified with a single point of ?¹² through its coefficients. The phase portrait of the quadratic systems having a rational first integral of degree 3 have been studied using normal forms. Here using the algebraic invariant theory, we characterize all the non-degenerate quadratic polynomial differential systems in ?¹² having a rational first integral of degree 3. We show that there are only 31 different topological phase portraits in the Poincaré disc associated to this family of quadratic systems up to a reversal of the sense of their orbits, and we provide representatives of every class modulo an affine change of variables and a rescaling of the time variable. Moreover, each one of these 31 representatives is determined by a set of algebraic invariant conditions and we provide for it a first integral.     

Phase portraits of separable quadratic systems and a bibliographical survey on quadratic systems

Although planar quadratic differential systems and their applications have been studied in more than one thousand papers, we still have no complete understanding of these systems. In this paper we have two objectives.First we provide a brief bibliographical survey on the main results about quadratic systems. Here we do not consider the applications of these systems to many areas as in Physics, Chemist, Economics, Biology, …Second we characterize the new class of planar separable quadratic polynomial differential systems. For such class of systems we provide the normal forms which contain one parameter, and using the Poincaré compactification and the blow up technique, we prove that there exist 10 non-equivalent topological phase portraits in the Poincaré disc for the separable quadratic polynomial differential systems.     

Generalized normal forms for two-dimensional systems of ordinary differential equations with linear and quadratic unperturbed parts

Various definitions of normal forms for systems of ordinary differential equations are discussed. The notion of a generalized normal form and the problem of formal equivalency of systems of differential equations in terms of resonant equations are considered. The method of resonant equations is applied to two-dimensional systems whose unperturbed parts are linear in the first equation and quadratic in the second one.     

Polynomial first integrals of quadratic vector fields

We classify all quadratic polynomial differential systems having a polynomial first integral, and provide explicit normal forms for such systems and for their first integrals.     

Checking weak and strong optimality of the solution to interval convex quadratic program

In this paper, we investigate three canonical forms of interval convex quadratic programming problems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for checking weak and strong optimality of given vector corresponding to various forms of feasible region, are established respectively.By using the concept of feasible direction, these conditions are formulated in the form of linear systems with both equations and inequalities. In addition, we provide two specific examples to illustrate the efficiency of the conditions.     

Robust Stability and Stabilization of a Class of Nonlinear Itô-Type Stochastic Systems via Linear Matrix Inequalities

This article presents a new approach to robust quadratic stabilization of nonlinear stochastic systems. The linear rate vector of a stochastic system is perturbed by a nonlinear function, and this nonlinear function satisfies a quadratic constraint. Our objective is to show how linear constant feedback laws can be formulated to stabilize this type of stochastic systems and, at the same time maximize the bounds on this nonlinear perturbing function which the system can tolerate without becoming unstable. The new formulation provides a suitable setting for robust stabilization of nonlinear stochastic systems where the underlying deterministic systems satisfy the generalized matching conditions. Our sufficient conditions are written in matrix forms, which are determined by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which have significant computational advantage over any other existing techniques. Examples are given to demonstrate the results.     

Quadratic descent of hermitian forms

Quadratic descent of hermitian and skew hermitian forms over division algebras with involution of the first kind in arbitrary characteristic is investigated and a criterion, in terms of systems of quadratic forms, is obtained. A refined result is also obtained for hermitian (resp. skew hermitian) forms over a quaternion algebra with symplectic (resp. orthogonal) involution.     

强正定二次型与Weyl-Heisenberg 框架的构造

本文研究了一类具有特殊结构的无限维二次型, 得到这类二次型的对称矩阵是符号为多项式的模的平方的Laurent 矩阵, 进一步得到了这类二次型是强正定的判断标准以及一类Weyl-Heisenberg 框架的构造. 本文还研究了这类二次型的矩阵的所有有限维主对角子矩阵的强正定性, 并由此得到一类子空间Weyl-Heisenberg 框架的构造. 最后举例说明本文的主要结果及其应用. 本文建立了两个看似不相关的领域间的联系.     

Global Structure of Planar Quadratic Semi-Quasi-Homogeneous Polynomial Systems

This paper study the planar quadratic semi-quasi-homogeneous polynomial systems(short for PQSQHPS). By using the nilpotent singular points theorem, blow-up technique, Poincaré index formula, and Poincaré compaction method, the global phase portraits of such systems in canonical forms are discussed. Furthermore, we show that all the global phase portraits of PQSQHPS can be-classed into six topological equivalence classes.     

Instability Degree and Singular Subspaces of Integral Isotropic Cones of Linear Systems of Differential Equations

The instability degree of linear systems of differential equations is estimated in terms of the dimensions of completely singular subspaces of integral cones of these systems. Special attention is given to the case where the linear system under study has first integrals of the type of nonsingular quadratic forms. General results are applied to a well-known problem concerning the gyroscopic stabilization of unstable equilibria of a mechanical system.     

An optimization method for constructing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals in stationary lag systems

A method is proposed for numerical construction of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals for analyzing the stability of linear stationary lag systems. The functional is constructed in the form of the sum of two quadratic sums. Positive-definite matrices of quadratic forms are found as a solution of a nonsmooth optimization problem on a convex set. Bibliography: 8 titles. Translated fromObchyslyuval'na ta Prykladna Matematyka, No. 80, 1996, pp. 142–151.     

On the generic splitting of quadratic forms in characteristic 2

In [9] and [10] Knebusch established the basic facts of generic splitting theory of quadratic forms over a field of characteristic different from 2. This paper is related to [11] and [13] where Knebusch and Rehmann generalized partially this theory to a field of characteristic 2. More precisely, we begin with a complete characterization of quadratic forms of height 1 (we don't exclude anisotropic quadratic forms with quasi-linear part of dimension at least 1). This allows us to extend the notion of degree to characteristic 2. We prove some results on excellent forms and splitting tower of a quadratic form. Some results on quadratic forms of height 2 and degree 1 or 2 are given. Received: 6 March 2000; in final form: 5 October 2001 / Published online: 17 June 2002     

On bilinear forms in normal variables

Bilinear forms in normal variables when the matrices of the forms are rectangular are considered. Explicit expressions for the cumulants, joint cumulants and joint cumulants of bilinear and quadratic forms are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the independence of two bilinear forms as well as a bilinear and a quadratic form. Special cases are shown to agree with known results.