铝铜药型罩射流与侵彻数值模拟

为提高射流侵彻性能,根据聚能射流装置的射流形成特点,设计了爆炸复合铝铜金属体作为药型罩的聚能射流装置。此装置依据已有的锥角为42°的聚能装药紫铜药型罩改进而来。利用LS-DYNA软件中的MMALE多物质算法,对此装置的射流形成、侵彻金属靶体全过程进行数值模拟。在保持装药量不变的情况下,计算了当铝铜药型罩锥角分别为36°、38°、40°和42°时的射流形成及侵彻过程。结果表明:射流头部速度随着铝铜药型罩锥角的减小而增大;且锥角为38°时射流穿深最大。相比单纯金属铜药型罩情况,射流头部速度提高了13.2%,侵彻深度提高了14.5%。     

绝对式光电编码器测角误差自动检测系统

光电编码器测角误差的检测是编码器在研制和生产过程中必不可少的工作。目前,人工手动检测装置检测过程复杂、效率较低,耗时较长,很难用于批量生产的产品检测。为了弥补现有手动检测装置的不足,以自准直仪-多面棱体组合作为测量基准,以步进电机和STM32来实现自动化,设计了一种绝对式光电编码器测角误差的自动检测系统。阐述了系统的检测原理及软硬件设计,分析并计算了系统精度,其扩展不确定度为1.6″。对同一编码器进行手动和自动检测后,结果分别为6.3″和7.3″,实验表明检测系统自动检测结果准确。通过本系统进行检测,检测过程无需人工操作,效率较高,在光电编码器的批量检测中,可以体现出本系统的优势;此外,相较于传统的人工手动检测,通过本系统进行检测更能反映编码器在实际工作中低速转动时角度位置精度的真实情况。     

半主动激光制导能量传输与模拟技术

为模拟实战环境下半主动激光制导的目标回波能量,设计并研制了注入式激光能量模拟设备。对激光制导能量传递过程及模拟技术进行研究。首先,针对激光制导武器工作过程,建立了激光在大气中传输发生散射与衰减的模型,并针对实战中存在的各种烟雾、降雨、干扰烟剂等进行建模仿真。接着,设计了激光目标回波能量模拟器的总体方案,选用DPS-A激光器和布儒斯特角薄膜偏振器模拟激光衰减过程。设计了光纤耦合与匀光准直系统。最后,构建了激光制导半物理仿真系统,分别进行了激光回波能量模拟实验、激光导引头标定与激光末制导试验。实验结果表明:激光能量模拟误差小于3. 0%,导引头线性角度范围内残差小于0. 08°,测角精度小于0. 45 mrad,末制导过程体视线角跟踪误差小于0. 2°。该系统可模拟多种实战环境中激光能量传输情况,且精度高,能够满足激光制导半物理仿真要求。     

一种高精度测量坦克炮塔动态转角的方法

坦克炮塔相对底盘转角的测量精度直接决定了稳瞄系统与惯导系统的精度。目前,国内的主战坦克所配备的坦克炮塔,其相对底盘的转角测量装置的测量精度低,仅解决坦克车体的转向问题。针对稳瞄系统与惯导系统对坦克炮塔相对底盘转角的精度要求问题,提出了一种由光电定位系统、机械传动系统和旋转变压器组成的动态高精度测角装置,介绍了其工作原理和工作过程,对该测角装置进行光电自准直标定并对误差进行理论分析,最后通过上车实验证明该测角系统能够满足实际需求。实践证明:该测量系统能够在通电瞬间确认位置,具有绝对零位记忆功能,其测角精度为42。     

利用切伦科夫进行电子束发散角测量的模拟研究北大核心CSCD

利用切伦科夫辐射方向性极好的特性进行电子束发散角的测量是一个比较有希望的方法,但转换靶材料对电子的库伦作用力等因素又使得电子束散角展宽,对发散角的测量产生影响。在将转换靶划分成多重薄片并以串联的形式构建了靶模型,考虑了库仑力、多重散射、轫致辐射、电离等全物理过程作用效果的情况下,利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件相关程序对电子在靶材料中的发散过程进行了仿真。基于电子束散角分布与切伦科夫辐射光子分布相对应的原理,完成了对电子束发散角测量技术的模拟,获得了转换靶材料及其厚度、电子束能散、测量系统光学带宽等对电子束发散角测量的影响规律,为测量系统的设计及数据反演处理工作提供了指导性的建议。模拟结果显示,基于切伦科夫辐射进行电子束发散角测量的方法具有可行性,具有一定的对电子束发散角分布进行测量的能力。     

能见度仪探测光束平行度检测方法

为实现能见度计算中消光系数的正确测量,论述了光源平行度在能见度测量中的重要作用,设计了探测光束发散角检测方法与测量装置。该装置包括定焦成像系统和移动光源的直线系统,利用成像关系与空间几何关系推导了发散角表达式。以紫外LED作为实验光源,设计完成了测量系统成像装置与控制软件,计算得到水平方向与垂直方向发散角,利用所得发散角分析探测光束。实验结果表明,紫外LED光源的光束发散角水平与垂直方向分别为78°和69°,经比较得到未加入平行度的能见度与加入后的比值为051。该方法测得的能见度值更接近于实际值。     

能见度仪探测光束平行度检测方法

为实现能见度计算中消光系数的正确测量,论述了光源平行度在能见度测量中的重要作用,设计了探测光束发散角检测方法与测量装置。该装置包括定焦成像系统和移动光源的直线系统,利用成像关系与空间几何关系推导了发散角表达式。以紫外LED作为实验光源,设计完成了测量系统成像装置与控制软件,计算得到水平方向与垂直方向发散角,利用所得发散角分析探测光束。实验结果表明,紫外LED光源的光束发散角水平与垂直方向分别为7.8和6.9,经比较得到未加入平行度的能见度与加入后的比值为0.51。该方法测得的能见度值更接近于实际值。     

KBA显微镜成像系统的成像模拟及X光成像实验的研究

KBA显微镜是一种非轴对称、非共轴的掠入射成像系统。其结构复杂,调节精度要求很高,在实际成像实验操作中难以掌握其成像特性。利用光学设计软件模拟其成像,对系统的调节和成像分析提供有益的参考。利用光学设计软件ZEMAX模拟了KBA显微镜对点源的成像过程,给出了KBA显微镜成像系统的焦深约为1 mm,景深为50 mm左右。并且由模拟可知,掠入射角对成像的影响很大。对像素尺寸约10μm的探测设备,模拟得出KBA成像系统的空间分辨力上限为3μm左右。基于星光Ⅱ装置对周期为20μm的网格靶成像,获得了KBA显微镜较为清晰的X光图像。该项工作为进一步开展掠入射成像系统的研究奠定了基础。     

一种基于容栅编码器测量炮塔高精度动态转角的方法

容栅编码器是在传统容栅技术上发展起来的新型传感技术,针对目前炮塔相对地盘转角的高精度测试需求,提出了一种基于容栅编码器测量高精度动态转角的方法。结合炮塔环境,设计了容栅测角装置的安装方式,分析了测角装置的工作原理,通过机械结构设计和容栅编码器后续的电路设计,提高了其工作的稳定性与可靠性。对测角装置分别进行了实验室角度标定与某靶场实地试验,结果表明:该测角系统能够满足实际需求,具有断电保护、通电位置识别及零位记忆等功能,测试精度达60。     

激光制导导弹射击模拟器

介绍的激光射击模拟器用于模拟导弹。连接目标跟踪瞄准具的激光发射机至少在模拟导弹飞行的大部分时间内,反复发射出与瞄准线形成不同角偏差的激光编码信号。接收目标反射激光信号的接收机连接到解码和分析装置上,用于计算瞄准具与目标的瞬间角偏差,并计算出该飞行时间内主要部分的角偏差,根据这些计算结果控制命中指示装置。此仪器还有下列装置:将角偏差与表示最大允许角偏差的存储数据和与根据连续测量实际目标距离而计算出的典型目标外形尺寸相比较的装置;连续显示目标对位置和瞄准跟踪点的装置;各种权衡上、下、左、右偏差的装置;以及定时平均导弹飞行时间内主要部分计算结果数据的装置。     

Design and fabrication of semi-transparent screen based on micro-patterns for direct-view type head-up display in automobiles

A semi-transparent screen with hemisphere micro-patterns was proposed and designed to enhance the brightness uniformity of the display image toward the driver for a direct-view type head-up display. The hemisphere micro-patterns were designed to consider the inclined angle of the windshield for efficient reflection and scattering toward to the driver. The density and radius of the hemisphere micro-patterns were adjusted as a function of position on the screen based on the geometrical calculation and analyzed by the commercial optical simulation tool based on a ray-tracing method. The designed hemisphere micro-patterns was fabricated by the thermal reflow method and evaluated to confirm the uniform illumination. From the results, the semi-transparent screen with variable micro-patterns shows the 91.9 % of brightness uniformity with the enhanced luminance compare to a screen without micro-patterns. A luminance of fabricated screen also shows good agreement with the simulation result to reflect the clear and bright driving information to the driver.     

立体显示器质量测试与性能分析研究

立体显示技术是当今信息显示的前沿和热点方向,其终端显示的图像质量也逐渐引起注意.本文针对立体显示过程中的质量问题,给出了影响立体显示器显示质量的因素,如串扰、可视角、亮度、双眼亮度差、亮度均匀性等指标的测量和评估方法.基于当前最流行的LCD显示屏和PDP显示屏样本进行了测试,比较了不同尺寸和不同制式立体显示屏各种测量值之间的差异.通过分析实验数据,得出了上述测量指标对不同立体显示屏的影响.结果表明:快门式立体电视采用PDP屏幕的串扰度要远远低于采用LCD屏幕的串扰度,拥有更广阔的可视角范围.     

集成成像三维显示系统显示性能的研究进展

集成成像三维显示技术是利用透镜阵列获取和显示立体图像的一种三维显示技术。本文首先综述了集成成像三维显示系统的特点,考虑其系统性能主要受分辨率、景深和观看视场角的限制,对近年来集成成像三维显示系统在增大分辨率、景深和观看视场角方面的研究进展做了综合论述,比较分析了各种改进方法的优劣。最后,对我国集成成像三维显示技术的研究现状进行了总结,并简述了本研究小组在该领域取得的若干研究成果。     

基于配置关联关系的信息系统误配置检测技术

随着软件系统变得更加复杂和可配置,由于错误配置而导致的故障正成为一个关键问题。 这种故障通常会带来较为严重的经济损失、安全隐患和功能故障。 此外,对于这种故障的诊断和修复需要跨越软件本身及其运行环境进行分析,使得其困难且昂贵。本文基于配置项之间隐含的关联关系及其运行环境,设计了基于信息系统配置关联关系的配置错误检测系统技术,利用给定的大量样本配置训练,形成配置项关联关系与检测规则,通过发掘信息系统各组件配置项之间的关联关系并利用这种关联进行配置项交叉检验,能够有效检测系统的错误配置。通过模拟测试表明,本方法的错误配置检出率达到了90%以上,在大型企业中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Heath monitoring of a glass transfer robot in the mass production line of liquid crystal display using abnormal operating sounds based on wavelet packet transform and artificial neural network

This paper presents the fault detect method of a moving transfer robot in the mass production line of liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturers based on the wavelet packet transform (WPT) for feature extraction and the artificial neural network (ANN) for fault classification. Most of fault detection methods in a mechanical system have been researched based on the vibration signal. Unlike the existing methodologies, this study aims to minimize the uncertainty of a field engineer's decision making process for determining whether a fault is present or not based on the human auditory perception by developing a fault diagnosis system that uses the abnormal operating sound radiated from a moving transfer robot as a source signal. Abnormal operating sound radiated from a moving transfer robot has been used for this work instead of other source signals such as vibration, acoustic emission, electrical signal, etc. Its advantage as a source signal makes it possible to monitor the status of multiple faults by using only a microphone despite a relatively low sensitivity. In the application of ANN, since it is important to minimize the error of trained ANN in terms of the accuracy of fault diagnosis logic, in the paper, the number of input and target data samples was increased through a regeneration process based on statistical properties, and then the uncorrelated nodes in the input vector were also removed to improve the orthogonality of the input vector based on the entropy based feature selection method. Consequently, it can be concluded that the abnormal operating sound is sufficiently useful as a source signal for the fault diagnosis of mechanical components as well as other source signals.     

远距离成像汽车平视显示光路结构设计

针对汽车AR-HUD显示虚像视距更远、虚像视场角更大的需求,采用自由曲面离轴反射光路结构,设计了一种焦距为-309 mm,虚像视距为7.5 m,虚像视场角为9.8°×5.5°的虚像显示光路。为保证驾驶员观察到的虚像的清晰度,结合人眼典型分辨角为1′,源图像显示模块采用分辨率为854×480 pixel的背投式DLP微投影系统。将人眼与虚像显示光路作为整体进行设计,使用Eyebox(孔径光阑偏移范围)模拟驾驶员眼睛活动范围,对于不同的孔径光阑位置,该光学系统的虚像面在奈奎斯特空间频率0.33 lp/mm处,中心视场MTF值大于0.6,全视场MTF值大于0.3。此外,使用蒙特卡罗方法对该系统取不同入瞳位置时进行了初步公差分析,系统90%的MTF值大于0.49,表明该系统容差能力较强。     

光电编码器故障诊断技术研究现状与展望

光电编码器是以高精度计量光栅为检测元件的高精度数字化测角设备,在当代自动化领域应用广泛。为深入研究光电编码器故障诊断方法,提高诊断效率,本文首先介绍了光电编码器分类、工作原理;其次,介绍了国内外光电编码器故障诊断关键技术现状,对具有代表性的故障诊断技术进行了分析与比较,总结了各诊断方法的优缺点;最后,对光电编码器诊断技术进行了展望,揭示了其诊断方法向自动化、便携化、动态检测、多技术融合和故障预测方向发展的趋势。     

A Novel Deep Transfer Learning Method for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Efficient Channel Attention

In recent years, deep learning has been applied to intelligent fault diagnosis and has achieved great success. However, the fault diagnosis method of deep learning assumes that the training dataset and the test dataset are obtained under the same operating conditions. This condition can hardly be met in real application scenarios. Additionally, signal preprocessing technology also has an important influence on intelligent fault diagnosis. How to effectively relate signal preprocessing to a transfer diagnostic model is a challenge. To solve the above problems, we propose a novel deep transfer learning method for intelligent fault diagnosis based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Efficient Channel Attention (ECA). In the proposed method, the VMD adaptively matches the optimal center frequency and finite bandwidth of each mode to achieve effective separation of signals. To fuse the mode features more effectively after VMD decomposition, ECA is used to learn channel attention. The experimental results show that the proposed signal preprocessing and feature fusion module can increase the accuracy and generality of the transfer diagnostic model. Moreover, we comprehensively analyze and compare our method with state-of-the-art methods at different noise levels, and the results show that our proposed method has better robustness and generalization performance.     

Microelectronics mounted on a piezoelectric transducer: method, simulations, and measurements

This paper describes the design of a highly integrated ultrasound sensor where the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is used as the carrier for the driver electronics. Intended as one part in a complete portable, battery operated ultrasound sensor system, focus has been to achieve small size and low power consumption. An optimized ASIC driver stage is mounted directly on the piezoelectric transducer and connected using wire bond technology. The absence of wiring between driver and transducer provides excellent pulse control possibilities and eliminates the need for broad band matching networks. Estimates of the sensor power consumption are made based on the capacitive behavior of the piezoelectric transducer. System behavior and power consumption are simulated using SPICE models of the ultrasound transducer together with transistor level modelling of the driver stage. Measurements and simulations are presented of system power consumption and echo energy in a pulse echo setup. It is shown that the power consumption varies with the excitation pulse width, which also affects the received ultrasound energy in a pulse echo setup. The measured power consumption for a 16 mm diameter 4.4 MHz piezoelectric transducer varies between 95 microW and 130 microW at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. As a lower repetition frequency gives a linearly lower power consumption, very long battery operating times can be achieved. The measured results come very close to simulations as well as estimated ideal minimum power consumption.     

Heavy-ion LINAC development for the US RIA project

The Nuclear Science Community in the Unites States has unanimously concluded that developments in both nuclear science and its supporting technologies make building a world-leading Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility for production of radioactive beams the top priority. The RIA development effort involves several US Laboratories (ANL, JLAB, LBNL, MSU, ORNL). The RIA facility includes a CW 1.4 GeV driver LINAC and a 100 MV post-accelerator both based on superconducting (SC) cavities operating at frequencies from 48 MHz to 805 MHz. An initial acceleration in both LINACs is provided by room temperature RFQs. The driver LINAC is designed for acceleration of any ion species; from protons up to 900 MeV to uranium up to 400 MeV/u. The novel feature of the driver LINAC is an acceleration of multiple charge-state heavy-ion beams in order to achieve 400 kW beam power. Basic design concepts of the driver LINAC are given. Several new conceptual solutions in beam dynamics, room temperature and SC accelerating structures for heavy ion accelerator applications are discussed.