ZnLaxSn-x（x=4，8）半导体材料光电性质的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理研究了ZnS,Zn La4Sn-4,ZnLa8Sn-8三个体系的能带结构、分态密度、总态密度以及复介电函数.研究结果显示: ZnS体系的价带顶和导带底都在G点处,为直接带隙材料;ZnLa4Sn-4,Zn La8Sn-8两体系的导带向价带移动,费米能级处有多条能级穿过,费米能级处附近的态密度则由S 3p ,Zn 3p和La 5d以及5p 轨道组成;对比分析ZnS,ZnLa4Sn-4,ZnLa8Sn-8三个体系的复介电函数的虚部发现Zn La4Sn-4、ZnLa8Sn-8体系在0-10eV区域内的介电峰都少于本征结构,而在10到20eV的高能量区间内,ZnLa4Sn-4、ZnLa8Sn-8体系介电峰的相应幅度较ZnS增强.     

Y,Zr,Nb掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理方法研究了Y,Zr,Nb在Sn位掺杂SnO_2的键长变化、稳定性、能带结构以及态密度.结果表明:Y,Zr,Nb在Sn位掺杂SnO_2使附近的键长发生改变,改变量最大是Y掺杂SnO_2体系;掺杂体系的杂质替换能都为负值,表明体系为稳定结构;掺杂使SnO_2能级增多,能较好的调节带隙值;而Y掺杂SnO_2体系价带顶端有一条能级越过了费米线表明该体系呈现出半导体的特征;同时,Y,Zr,Nb掺杂SnO_2使导带底端的能级出现分离;在低能区的态密度仍主要由Sn、O的s轨道贡献;在高能区态密度的掺杂体系出现sp杂化的现象; Zr掺杂SnO_2的态密度能量向低能区移动.     

ZnLa_xS_(n-x)(x=4,8)半导体材料光电性质的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理研究了Zn S,Zn La4Sn-4,Zn La8Sn-8三个体系的能带结构、分态密度、总态密度以及复介电函数.研究结果显示:Zn S体系的价带顶和导带底都在G点处,为直接带隙材料;Zn La4Sn-4,Zn La8Sn-8两体系的导带向价带移动,费米能级处有多条能级穿过,费米能级处附近的态密度则由S 3p,Zn3p和La 5d以及5p轨道组成;对比分析Zn S,Zn La4Sn-4,Zn La8Sn-8三个体系的复介电函数的虚部发现Zn La4Sn-4、Zn La8Sn-8体系在0-10e V区域内的介电峰都少于本征结构,而在10到20 e V的高能量区间内,Zn La4Sn-4、Zn La8Sn-8体系介电峰的相应幅度较Zn S增强.     

过渡金属W、Mn、V、Ti掺杂二维材料MoSi2N4的第一性原理计算

本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算了W、Mn、V、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi₂N₄后的几何结构、电子结构以及光学性质的变化.电子结构分析表明W、Mn、W、Ti替位掺杂二维MoSi₂N₄后的禁带宽度分别为1.806 e V、1.003 e V、1.218 e V和1.373 e V;四种过渡金属掺杂后MoSi₂N₄的带隙类型没有发生改变,均为间接带隙半导体;W掺杂后的杂质能级靠近价带顶,费米能级靠近价带顶,为p型半导体,杂质能级为受主能级;Mn掺杂后的杂质能级靠近导带底,费米能级靠近导带底,为n型半导体;V和Ti掺杂后杂质能级位于费米能级附近,为复合中心;光学性质分析表明,在2 e V～4 e V的能量区间内,W掺杂结构的吸收波长为336 nm,体系发生红移;Mn、V和Ti替位掺杂后的吸收波长分别为320 nm、358 nm和338 nm,且掺杂体系均发生蓝移.     

N-S共掺杂金红石相TiO2电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的平面波超软赝势方法研究N和S单掺杂以及N和S共掺杂金红石相TiO2的能带结构,态密度和光学性质.结果表明:N掺杂导致禁带宽度减小为1.43 eV,并且在价带上方形成了一条杂质能带;S掺杂导致费米能级上移靠近导带,直接带隙减小为0.32 eV;N和S共掺杂导致能带结构中出现了两条杂质能带,靠近导带的一条杂质能级距离导带底约0.35 eV,靠近价带的一条杂质能级距离价带顶约0.85 eV,杂质能级主要由N原子的2p轨道和S原子的3p轨道组成.N和S掺杂后不但使TiO2的吸收带产生红移,而且在可见光区具有较大的吸收系数,光催化活性增强.     

Hf、N以不同比例掺杂ZnO的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论,计算分析了Hf、N以不同掺杂比例掺杂ZnO（Zn16O16）形成Zn15O16-xHfNx（x=1,2,3,4）体系的结构参数、电子结构、Mulliken电荷布居和光学方面的性质。计算结果表明,掺杂体系晶胞体积不同程度增大;x=1时体系的费米能级上移进入导带使其呈现n型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰红移较小,尤其是反射峰,主要表现为强度的变化;但x=2,3,4体系的费米能级均在价带顶附近,且随掺杂比例的增大,掺杂体系的费米能级进入价带的深度逐渐增大,N 2p态的贡献作用也越来越显著,使掺杂体系呈现p型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰均有较大的红移,这将有利于ZnO体系在可见光领域的应用。     

硼烯纳米带能带结构和态密度的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理的方法计算H修饰边缘不同宽度硼稀纳米带的电荷密度、电子能带结构、总态密度和分波态密度。结果表明,硼烯纳米带的宽度大小影响着材料的导电性能,宽度5的硼烯纳米带是间接带隙简并半导体,带隙值为0.674 eV,而宽度7的硼烯纳米带却具有金属材料的性质。分波态密度表明,宽度5的硼烯纳米带的费米能级附近主要是由B-2s、2p电子态贡献,H-1s主要贡献于下价带且具有局域性,消除了材料边缘的不稳定性。宽度7的B-2p和H-1s电子态贡献的导带和价带处于主导地位,费米能级附近B-2p和H-1s电子态的杂化效应影响材料的整体发光性能。     

p型Na掺杂各向异性ZnO的电子性质与热电输运性质

采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算研究了p型Na掺杂各向异性ZnO的能带结构、光学性质、介电性质、总态密度和不同原子的分态密度,并系统分析了其热电输运性质。计算分析结果表明,p型Na掺杂ZnO为p型直接带隙半导体,其带隙增大到1.3eV,其对于光子的吸收限向低能量光子移动,体系费米能级附近的态密度大幅度提高,这主要是p态电子贡献的;在费米能级附近的导带和价带中都出现了新的能级,这些新的能级主要由Nas、Nap、Znp、Znd和Op电子形成,且他们之间存在着强耦合相互作用。Na掺杂ZnO的电输运性质具有各向异性;其价带和导带中的载流子有效质量均较大;载流子输运主要由Nas、Nap、Znp和Op电子完成。     

TiO_2缺陷结构电子性质的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理研究了O空位缺陷、Ti空位缺陷TiO_2的能带结构、总态密度、吸收谱.通过研究发现:与TiO_2超胞结构的能带相比,O空位缺陷体系的价带与导带能量均向低能区域移动,费米能级与导带底交错,呈现出n型半导体,Ti空位缺陷的TiO_2的费米能级与价带顶部的能级交错,为p型半导体材料.对于O空位缺陷TiO_2总态密度与分波态密度在低能区的态密度则主要由O的3s、3p轨道贡献的能量,而在费米能附近的态密度则主要由Ti的4d轨道贡献能量;Ti空位缺陷的态密度总态密度仍然由O的3s、3p和Ti的4d轨道贡献的能量;同时分析吸收光谱发现峰值下移较多的是钛缺陷体系,其原因在于Ti缺陷结构中未成键电子的相互作用.     

Al，Ga掺杂ZnO电子结构和光电特性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下广义梯度近似(GGA)的PBE平面波超软赝势方法,计算了本征ZnO,Al掺杂ZnO(ZnAlO)和Ga掺杂ZnO(ZnGaO)的能带结构、态密度、复介电函数和复电导率. 其中Al或Ga是以替位杂质的形式进入ZnO晶格. 计算结果表明纤锌矿型ZnO,ZnAlO和ZnGaO都是直接带隙半导体材料,掺杂后ZnO的带隙变小,且ZnAlO的带隙略大于ZnGaO. 掺杂后ZnO的电子结构发生变化,费米能级由本征态时位于价带顶上移进入导带,ZnO表现为n型掺杂半导体材料,掺杂后在导带底出现大量由掺杂原子贡献的自由载流子—电子,明显提高了电导率和介电函数,改善了ZnO的导电性能,并且ZnAlO的导电性能要略好于ZnGaO.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.