Reactions in a Mixture of CH4 and CO2 under the Aciton of Microwave Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Reactions between CH4 and CO2 under the action of continuous microwave discharge at atmospheric pressure were studied in a special homemade reactor,The main products were CO and H2,while acetylene and ethylene were also found in the products.Experimental results show that conversions of CH4 and CO2 could be higher than 90% without the presence of any catalyst,Effects of CO2/CH4 molar ratio and total flow rate of the feed gas on the reaction were also investigated.     

CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Ni／CeO2-ZrO2-Al203 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method

The Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3 catalyst with different A12O3 and NiO contents were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of CH4 reaction, the interaction among components and the relation between Ni content and catalyst surface basicity were investigated. Results show that the interaction between NiO and A12O3 is stronger than that between NiO and CeO2-ZrO2. The addition of A12O3 can prevent the formation of large metallic Ni ensembles, increase the dispersion of Ni, and improve catalytic activity, but excess A12O3 causes the catalyst to deactivate easily. The interaction between NiO and CeO2 results in more facile reduction of surface CeO2. The existence of a small amount of metallic Ni can increase the number of basic sites. As metallic Ni may preferentially reside on the strong basic sites, increasing Ni content can weaken the catalyst basicity.     

Theoretical Study of the Scattering Resonance State, Reaction Mechanism and Partial Potential Energy Surface of the F＋CH4→HF ＋CH3 Reaction

Many reactions with fluorine atoms have the important applications in the areas of theatmosphere and the chemical lasers, such as the reaction of fluorine atoms with methane. F( 2 P) CH 4 (X1A1)→HF(X1 Σ ) CH 3 (X 2 A′′2) ?H0300k=-32.3 kcal mol ?1 It…     

Kinetics of Carbon Deposition on Hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 Catalyst During CO2 Reforming of Methane

In this paper, the properties of carbon deposited on hexaaluminate LaNiAl11O19 catalyst were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in the meantime, the amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst, after both CH4 decomposition and CO2 reforming of CH4, was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The rates of carbon deposited on the catalyst were also investigated and the apparent kinetic equation of CO2 reforming of CH4: vc = kp0.72(CH4).p-0.55(CO2), was established by analyzing the relation between the rates of deposited carbon and the pressure ratio of CH4 and CO2.     

Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of SiCl_4 with H in the Gas Phase

1 INTRODUCTION Semiconductor silicon materials are vital for mi- croelectronic and information industry. Silicon has many advantages, for example, rich resource, out- standing quality and sophisticated processing tech- nology. So it has been widely used in semiconduc- tor industry. One of the key techniques of mo- dern microelectronic industry is epitaxial growth of single crystal thin film on single crystal silicon and its ba- cking materials. In the chemical vapour deposition of Si, g…     

镍基气凝胶催化CH4-CO2重整制取合成气反应的研究Ⅱ.制备方法对Ni/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法、溶胶 凝胶过程与普通干燥、超临界干燥过程相结合的方法制备了三种 82 3K焙烧的NiO CeO2 Al2 O3 体系催化剂 ,分别为浸渍型催化剂 (iNCA5 5 0 )、干凝胶催化剂 (xNCA5 5 0 )和气凝胶催化剂 (aNCA5 5 0 ) ,考察了它们在CH4 CO2 重整反应中的催化性能及反应的稳定性 ,采用TG、TEM、XPS等手段研究了反应前后催化剂的结构性质。研究结果表明 ,在 10 73K、CH4 CO2 =1∶1、180 0 0mL h·g的反应条件下 ,三种催化剂中aNCA5 5 0在CH4 CO2 重整反应过程中的积碳量较大 ,但却具有最好的反应稳定性 ;aNCA5 5 0具有较大积碳量与其表面酸量较大、酸性较强及较大镍分散度有关 ,然而由于它具有较大的积碳容量和很强的金属抗烧结能力 ,因此保持了较好的反应稳定性。催化剂积碳和金属镍烧结导致催化剂表面活性中心数目减少是催化剂失活的主要原因。     

Au/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其在CH4/CO2重整反应中的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积－沉淀法制备了四种不同的Au/Al2O3催化剂，测定了它们在氢气还原前后及催化反应后的金含量及比表面积，结果表明，制备方法明显影响催化剂的金含量，应用X－光粉末衍射技术研究了这些催化剂经还原处理及反应后的物相变化，金以Au^0物相存在，没有发现氧化态的金物相，考察了该催化剂在CH4／CO2重整反应中的催化活性，发现金催化剂的活性取决于金粒子的大小，浸渍法制备的金催化剂具有较大的金晶粒尺寸，催化活性低，沉积－沉淀法制备的金催化剂金晶粒尺寸较小，催化活性较高，以尿素为沉淀剂制备的催化剂给出1073K时的CH4和CO2转化率分别为8．1％和17．6％，高温反应不仅导致金晶粒的聚集，而且存在明显的金流失现象。     

Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Ketene CH2CO with Isocyanate NCO Radical

The bimolecular single collision reaction potential energy surface of an isocyanate NCO radical with a ketene CH2CO molecule was investigated by means of B3LYP and QCISD（T） methods. The computed results indicate that two possible reaction channels exist on the surface. One is an addition-elimination reaction process, in which the CH2CO molecule is attacked by the nitrogen atom at its methylene carbon atom to lead to the formation of the intermediate OCNCH2CO followed by a C-C rupture channel to the products CH2NCO＋CO. The other is a direct hydrogen abstraction channel from CHzCO by the NCO radical to afford the products HCCO＋HNCO. Because of a higher barrier in the hydrogen abstraction reaction than in the addition-elimination reaction, the direct hydrogen abstraction pathway can only be considered as a secondary reaction channel in the reaction kinetics of NCO＋ CH2CO. The predicted results are in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical investigations.     

三氧化二铝含量对Ni／Zr0.4Ce0.6O2—Al2O3催化剂的CH4—CO2重整反应性能影响

采用水热合成法,制备了不同Al2O3含量的Ni/Zr0.4Ce0.6O2-Al2O3催化剂,采用X－射线衍射（XRD）和扩展X光吸收精细结构（EXAFS）,对催化剂样品进行结构表征;考察了Al2O3的加入对催化剂结构和CH4－CO2重整反应活性的影响。结构表征和活性测试表明,催化剂中存在的主要晶相是Zr0.4Ce0.6O2.Al2O3的加入,使催化剂颗粒度变小,镍的分散度提高,并使反应活性有明显改进;而过量Al2O3的加入,却容易导致积炭。     

CeO2和Co3O4助剂对镍基催化剂是CH4积碳和CO2消碳性能的影响

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加CeO2和Co3O4助剂对镍基催化剂上CH4积碳和CO2消碳性能的影响，并用BET，TGA，XPS及CO2－TPSR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，添加CeO2可以提高活性原子Ni^0中d电子的密度；Ni^0原子中d电子密度的增加在一定程度上凶制了CH4分子中C－H键σ电子向d轨道的迁移，降低了CH4裂解积碳性能；同时加强了Ni^0原子d轨道向CO2空反馈π轨道的电子迁移，促进了CO2分子的活化，提高了CO2的消碳活性。助剂Co3O4的添加则促进CH4的裂解积碳，抑制了CO2的消碳。分析表明，活性金属与半导体助剂之间存在的金属－半导体要互作用是影响这种机制的主要因素。     

水蒸气对Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂上CO2重整CH4瓜的影响

采用水热合成-负载法制备了Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂,测试了该催化剂上CO2重整CH4反应的活性和稳定性,并考察了添加少量水蒸气对CO2重整CH4反应的影响.结果表明,在不含水蒸气的反应气中反应198 h后CH4和CO2的转化率分别为89%和98%,H2/CO摩尔比约为1.00,且没有任何失活.添加3.2%的水蒸气后,CH4转化率提高到94%,CO2转化率不变,H2/CO摩尔比约提高0.06,同时稳定性也很好.计算结果表明,添加少量水蒸气后,CO2重整CH4被促进,逆水煤气反应被抑制,而水蒸气重整CH4没有明显变化.     

Ce1-xZrxO2的氧化还原性能及其对CO2重整CH4反应的影响

 通过X射线衍射和程序升温还原技术对Ce1-xZrxO2(0≤x≤1)催化剂的结构和氧化还原性能进行了研究,同时考察了Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂在CO2重整CH4反应中的催化性能,并与其氧化还原性能进行了关联. 结果表明,当x≤0.25时, Ce1-x-ZrxO2以立方相Ce-Zr-O固溶体形式存在,氧化还原性随着Zr含量的增加而增加; 当x＞0.25时,以四方ZrO2相和立方相Ce-Zr-O固溶体的混合相存在,氧化还原性随着Zr含量的增加而减弱. Ce0.75Zr0.25O2具有最高的氧化还原性, Ce1-xZrxO2对CO2重整CH4反应的催化活性依赖于其氧化还原性,催化剂的氧化还原性越强,反应物(CO2和CH4)的转化率越高,催化剂的稳定性也越好. 氧化还原性能最强的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出最高的催化活性、抗积炭能力和稳定性.     

Reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Rh/H-Beta:Effect of Rhodium Dispersion on the Catalytic Activity and Coke Resistance

The effect of Rh dispersion on reforming of CH₄ with CO₂ over H‐Beta supported Rh catalysts has been investigated. The CH₄ and CO₂ conversion over the catalysts increase with increasing Rh loading from 0.5 wt% to 4.0 wt% in the reaction temperature range of 823–1123 K. The high TOF of CH₄ over 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% Rh/H‐beta may be attributed to high dispersion of rhodium species. The catalysts before and after the reaction were characterized by XRD, TEM, and TG‐DTA and the results indicate the catalysts with Rh loading of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% exhibiting high resistance to coke. Under controllable conditions, we confirm that the coke is originated from methane dissociation and can be substantially oxidized by active oxygen species dissociated from the adsorbed carbon dioxide on the catalyst with high dispersion of Rh species.     

介孔Ni/CaO-ZrO2纳米复合物催化甲烷和二氧化碳重整

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种具有高热稳定性的介孔Ni/CaO-ZrO2纳米复合物.此纳米复合物在甲烷/二氧化碳重整中表现出较高的活性和稳定性,且经连续运行50h后,其催化活性没有明显降低,稳定性显著高于Ni/Al2O3或Ni/SiO2负载型催化剂.这是由于反应过程中纳米Ni颗粒尺寸被有效稳定以及碱性组分CaO的存在,催化剂中相互嵌合的Ni,ZrO2和CaO的颗粒尺寸均为10nm左右,堆积形成了海绵状的介孔结构.CaO的存在使催化剂具有较强的碱性,促进了反应物CO2的化学吸附和解离.     

制备方法对Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂在甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

采用浸渍－还原法制备的Ｎｉ／ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３在ＣＨ４与ＣＯ２重整制合成气反应中显示出良好的催化性能和一定的抗积炭能力;在１０２３Ｋ下流动反应气氛中连续运转１００ｈ,未见活性下降,ＣＨ４及Ｃ弦均为９０％左右,ＣＯ收率高于９０％,实验还发现,ＣＨ４转化率随着原料气中ＣＯ２浓度的增加而升高,当Ｖ（ＣＯ２）／Ｖ（ＣＨ４）＝２时ＣＨ４转化率可达１００％,通过ＢＥＴ比表面积测定及ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ等分析手段,比     

金属-载体相互作用对CH4/CO2重整反应中Rh基催化剂抗积炭性能的影响

考察了Rh/Al2O3,Rh/SiO2和Rh/CeO2催化剂上金属-载体间相互作用对CH4/CO2重整反应抗积炭性能的影响,并与反应前后催化剂的程序升温还原和程序升温氧化(TPO)测试结果相关联.实验发现,Rh与Al2O3和SiO2载体间的相互作用越强,催化剂还原后Rh的分散度越高,晶粒越小,高分散的Rh表面生成的碳物种CHx越多,其作为活泼的反应中间体越易与CO2反应生成CO和H2.而游离态的Rh还原后晶粒较大,生成的碳物种与CO2反应能力较低,从而导致催化剂失活.TPO和CO2脉冲实验结果表明,反应过程中Rh/CeO2催化剂上反应生成的CHx物种比Rh/Al2O3和Rh/SiO2上的CHx物种更活泼.同时由于Rh-CeO2间独特的相互作用,部分CeO2还原后生成CeO2-x和氧空位,促进CO2分子的活化解离,导致生成的表面氧容易与CHx反应,从而抑制催化剂积炭.     

CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Nickel and Cobalt Catalysts Prepared from La—Based Perovskite Precursors

Four perovskite-type complex oxides (LaNiO3, La2NiO4, LaCoO3 and La2CoO4) were successfully prepared using two sol-gel methods, the Pechini method (PC) and the citric acid complexing method (CC). The catalysts were characterized by XRD and TPR. After reduction, the activity of the catalysts in the CO2 reforming of methane was tested. Ni-based catalysts from La2NiO4 precursors were the most active and stable catalyst after calcination above 850 癈, which gave a methane conversion of 0.025 mmol/(g-s) for those prepared by the PC method and 0.020 mmol/(g-s) by the CC method. It was proposed that the well-defined structure and lower reducibility is responsible for the unusual catalytic behavior observed over the pre-reduced La2NiO4 catalyst.     

La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2的重整

 通过溶胶－凝胶方法制备了尖晶石结构的La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂，采用BET，XRD和TG表征了催化剂的孔分布、比表面积、体相组成以及凝胶样品的热失重和热分解过程．将催化剂应用于CH4／CO2重整反应制合成气，考察了惰性气体和反应温度对转化率、选择性以及积碳的影响．结果表明，在高空速（GHSV＝4．8×104ml／（g·h））下，CH4和CO2转化率分别为51％和60％，CO和H2的选择性约为98％和92％，惰性气体He的引入明显地提高了CH4和CO2的转化率．     

Ni/La2O3/α-Al2O3中的高温脱附氢促进CH4/CO2重整反应的初活性

 通过H2程序升温脱附实验,在H2还原的Ni/La2O3/α-Al2O3催化剂上可以明显观察到高温脱附氢(高温氢). 动力学实验结果表明,随催化剂上高温氢含量的增加, CH4/CO2重整反应的初始活性升高,同时高温氢也可在重整反应过程中原位生成,并使重整反应的活性最终达到稳定. 脉冲实验结果表明,随催化剂上高温氢含量的增加, CH4解离后生成的活性中间体CHx物种的x值也增大,进而降低了CHx与CO2反应的活化能,提高了CHx与CO2反应的速率. La2O3助剂的添加提高了Ni/La2O3/α-Al2O3催化剂上逆水气变换反应的速率,并且对CO2的活化也有促进作用. La2O3助剂的加入对于CH4/CO2重整反应的重要作用是使高温氢的数量增多且稳定性提高,有利于保持CHx物种中较高的x值,促进重整反应.