聚环氧乙烷大单体与丙烯酸乙酯的共聚及其规整接枝共聚物的表征

本工作研完了末端为甲基丙烯酸酯型的聚环氧乙烷大单体与丙烯酸乙酯的溶液自由基共聚。结果表明,大单体接枝效率和共聚物分子量受单体总浓度、投料比、大单体分子量及引发剂等的影响,接枝效率最高可达90％以上,分子量可在5-15×10~4范围内变化。丙烯酸乙酯与大单体共聚的竞聚率为0.83。共聚物用萃取法精制后,用IR、~1H-NMR、裂解色谱、GPC和膜渗透压计等进行了表征。证实产物有预期的规整接枝共聚物结构。平均接枝数为2—11。     

羧酸型接枝共聚物的合成及其络合物做化学阀

用大单体技术合成了带规整聚苯乙烯支链的聚丙烯酸接枝共聚物 .研究了各种聚合条件包括温度、时间、单体浓度、大单体分子量及大单体与小单体的投料比等对接枝效率、共聚物分子量的影响 .纯化的共聚物表现出良好的乳化性质及高吸水率 ,在稀溶液中的行为如同聚电解质 .此接枝共聚物与含规整聚氧乙烯支链的聚丙烯酸乙酯络合生成的大分子间络合物膜呈现化学阀的作用 ,水通过它的渗透速率能通过调节pH加以可逆地控制 .     

聚环氧乙烷大单体与丙烯酸乙酯的共聚及其规整接枝共聚物的表征

 本工作研完了末端为甲基丙烯酸酯型的聚环氧乙烷大单体与丙烯酸乙酯的溶液自由基共聚。结果表明,大单体接枝效率和共聚物分子量受单体总浓度、投料比、大单体分子量及引发剂等的影响,接枝效率最高可达90％以上,分子量可在5-15×10⁴范围内变化。丙烯酸乙酯与大单体共聚的竞聚率为0.83。共聚物用萃取法精制后,用IR、¹H-NMR、裂解色谱、GPC和膜渗透压计等进行了表征。证实产物有预期的规整接枝共聚物结构。平均接枝数为2—11。     

聚苯乙烯大单体与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚及其接枝共聚物的表征

研究了聚苯乙烯大单体与乙酸乙烯酯的溶液聚合,结果表明,接枝效率随引发剂用量、聚合温度及小单体与大单体的投料比的增加而增加,随大单体的分子量增加而减少,而随单体浓度的变化呈现一最大值。共聚过程中大单体的转化率开始较小单体的增加快,后期变慢。用萃取法纯化的接枝共聚物经GPC、IR、~1H-NMR及PGC等表征,并算得平均接枝数为4—7。透射电镜表明接枝共聚物中存在微观相分离。     

聚苯乙烯大单体与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚及其接枝共聚物的表征

 研究了聚苯乙烯大单体与乙酸乙烯酯的溶液聚合,结果表明,接枝效率随引发剂用量、聚合温度及小单体与大单体的投料比的增加而增加,随大单体的分子量增加而减少,而随单体浓度的变化呈现一最大值。共聚过程中大单体的转化率开始较小单体的增加快,后期变慢。用萃取法纯化的接枝共聚物经GPC、IR、¹H-NMR及PGC等表征,并算得平均接枝数为4—7。透射电镜表明接枝共聚物中存在微观相分离。     

基于聚乙烯的无规和嵌段接枝共聚物的制备

采用乙烯配位聚合和巯基-烯点击化学相结合的方法制备了羟基封端的线性聚乙烯,末端羟基含量接近100%;利用酰氯与羟基的高效反应,将羟基封端的聚乙烯转化为降冰片烯封端的聚乙烯大单体(PE-NB).使用Grubbs II代催化剂,将大分子单体与降冰片烯(NB)单体进行开环易位共聚,通过调整单体的投料比和加料方式制备了分子量和组成可控的聚降冰片烯-g-聚乙烯(PNB-g-PE)接枝共聚物.其中,无规共聚时,大单体的转化率接近100%,所得无规接枝共聚物的重均分子量为1.79×10~4~3.14×10~4,分子量分布指数为2.09~2.60,聚乙烯链段的质量分数为4.6%~16.8%;而嵌段共聚时,由于空间位阻原因,大单体的转化率约为80%.热分析研究发现,由于空间位阻,接枝共聚物的结晶度较聚乙烯前驱体略有下降,且接枝度越大,结晶能力下降得越多.     

聚苯乙烯大分子单体与醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚物的合成及表征

<正> 用大分子单体与小分子单体共聚是七十年代初才出现的合成接枝共聚物的一种新方法。通过共聚合反应而不是接枝反应同时形成主干及支链。这种接枝共聚物由于形成支链的大分子单体是预先合成的,其分子量分布较窄,又可调节控制,所以合成的接枝共聚物支链长短比较均一,副反应较少,链结构比较明确,因此也易于表征。     

PEB/MMA-AN悬浮接枝共聚反应机理

研究了乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(PEB)弹性体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯腈(AN)悬浮接枝共聚反应行为及接枝共聚产物对SAN树脂增韧作用随反应时间的变化规律, 用凝胶渗透色谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法对接枝共聚产物进行了表征, 分析了接枝共聚反应机理, 推算了接枝链分子量. 结果表明, 体系首先发生链增长自由基向PEB转移终止形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_L)和PEB大分子自由基引发单体共聚形成接枝链(g-MAN)的反应, 接枝反应结束后体系发生明显的非接枝共聚形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_H)的反应; MAN_L的分子量低于g-MAN的分子量, 而g-MAN的分子量明显低于MAN_H的分子量; 在接枝共聚过程中发生已接枝和未接枝PEB断链并随机再接生成多嵌段共聚物的副反应; 在反应初期, 接枝链的AN单元含量接近于非接枝共聚物的AN单元含量, 在反应中后期前者远低于后者.     

淀粉乙酸酯的阴离子接枝己内酯聚合研究

将淀粉在二甲基甲酰胺、吡啶存在下 ,以乙酸酐进行部分乙酰化 ,制备取代度为 0 7～ 1 9的淀粉乙酸酯 (St Ac) .以萘钠与淀粉乙酸酯中残余的羟基反应 ,将羟基转化为醇盐 (ONa) ,引发己内酯进行阴离子开环接枝聚合 ,合成了淀粉 聚己内酯接枝共聚物 (St g PCL) .采用凝胶渗透色谱法 (GPC)研究了接枝前后聚合物分子量的变化情况 ,并以接枝率、单体转化率对接枝反应进行了表征 .研究了接枝条件如温度、溶剂、引发剂和单体的用量对接枝率及单体转化率的影响 .研究发现随着反应温度升高 ,接枝率、单体转化率呈S曲线变化 ,单体浓度、引发剂浓度的增大有利于接枝反应的进行 .     

β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为接枝骨架、DL-丙交酯(DLLA)为接枝单体,三乙胺为催化剂,合成了β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物(PCDLA).利用IR、1H-NMR、DSC、WXRD和GPC等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征,测定了共聚物的分子量,并研究了反应投料比对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)的影响.结果表明,在三乙胺催化下,DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精能够发生聚合反应得到接枝共聚物,当DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精结构单元的摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为10h时,接枝反应的接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)可分别达到182·9%和21·4%.随着接枝共聚物中β-环糊精含量的增加,共聚物的亲水性得到了改善.     

Préparation de copolymères greffés par voie cationique—III. Structure et propriétés mécaniques des copolymères

Graft copolymers obtained by cationic grafting of indene on chlorinated butyl rubber have comblike structures. Their mechanical properties can be related to the number of branches per backbone. They partly retain these properties up to 100%. Copolymers prepared by grafting on ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers have less well defined structures and poor mechanical properties, even at room temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of anionic graft copolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) grafts

Anionic graft copolymers were synthesized through grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEG) onto terpolymers containing succicinic anhydride groups. The backbone polymers were prepared through radical terpolymerization of maleic anhydride, styrene, and one of the following monomers: methyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, and diethyl fumarate. MPEG of different molecular weights were grafted onto the backbone through reactions with the cyclic anhydride groups. In this reaction one carboxylic acid group is formed together with each ester bond. The molecular weights of MPEG were found to influence the rate of the grafting reaction and the final degree of conversion. The graft copolymers were characterized by IR, GPC, and ¹H-NMR. Thermal properties were examined by DSC. Graft copolymers containing 50% w/w of MPEG 2000 grafts were found to be almost completely amorphous, presumably because of crosslinking, and hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups in the backbone and the ether oxygens in MPEG grafts. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Studies on New Hydrophobically Modified Water-soluble Cellulosic Graft Terpolymers

Hydrophobically modified water-soluble ion-containing cellulosic polymer possessing intra-or intermolecular modes of hydrophobic associations has been recently the object of our research^[1-4]. Based on the preparation of the surface-active monomer, dimethyloctyl (2-methacryloxyethyl)ammonium bromide (DMOA), new cellulosic graft terpolymers (NCGT) have been synthesized by grafting acrylamide (AM) and DMOA onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using potassium persulfate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as the initiating system, and characterized by FTIR, elementary analysis, titration and GPC. To obtain the optimum reaction conditions, the influence of the feed ratio and addition order of raw materials, the concentration of initiators, temperature and pH on the grafting have been investigated.     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯-丙烯腈三元共聚物的合成及表征

在可控核聚变领域,惯性约束聚变(ICF)用空心靶球的研究[1-3]十分活跃。以聚苯乙烯为基材制备ICF有机物空心靶球已有广泛的研究,微球的制备技术、工艺等都已相当成熟,但聚苯乙烯阻气性差,难以阻挡氢同位素的扩散,不能满足ICF靶球的需要。目前应用比较好的ICF靶球制备条件极为苛刻,工艺复杂[4]。丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯、偏二氯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯等一类单体的均聚物都有较好的阻气性[5],本文探讨苯乙烯与丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯类单体的共聚方法,研究了共聚物的一些基本性能。1　实验部分1 1　试剂及仪器苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯均…     

Synthesis and thermal properties of emulsion terpolymers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-p-tolylmaleimide/butadiene–styrene latex/AN/St

Heat-resistance ABS resin was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of N-p-tolylmaleimide (N-PTMI), butadiene–styrene latex (SB), AN and St. Thermal properties of terpolymers with different monomer ratio were characterized by DSC and TG. The molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of terpolymers were determined with GPC. The results shown the heat-resistance of terpolymers, the glass transition temperature and the decomposition temperature were increased with the increasing of N-PTMI feed content. With the increasing of AN feed content, the glass transition temperature of terpolymers decrease while the decomposition temperature increase. The glass transition temperature of terpolymers decrease with SB feed content and the product shows plastic properties when SB feed content is lower than 45 (m/m %).     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯醇三元共聚物性质的研究

以乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为原料,通过控制VA的水解程度制得一系列不同组成的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯醇三元共聚物.研究表明:随水解程度的增加共聚物的结晶性越来越好.在一定水解度范围内共聚物具有良好的综合力学性能,是一种新型的热塑性弹性体.     

Synthesis and biodegradability of amylose block copolymers

The synthesis of amylose block co-and terpolymers is described. Fully acetylated amylose triacetate was hydrolyzed by hydronium ions to give a hydroxy-terminated amylose triacetate oligomer (HATA), which was reacted with diisocyanates to produce block copolymers. Prepolymers of HATA and MDI or TDI were reacted with both hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and polypropylene glycol to form block terpolymers. Block co- and terpolymer formation was demonstrated by intrinsic viscosity increases, gel permeation chromatographic results, and NMR and IR spectroscopy. The products were easily deacetylated by NaOMe in methanol to yield amylose block co- and terpolymers. These polymers were readily degraded by α-amylase. The enzymatic hydrolysis was monitored by intrinsic viscosity measurements. The rate of biodegradation was influenced by the DS of the amylose block and the composition of the block terpolymers.     

Ethylene copolymers with Fischer-Tropsch olefins

The properties of ethylene copolymers, terpolymers and multipolymers prepared with even and uneven carbon number linear and branched α-olefins were compared. The most likely microstructures of ethylene/linear α-olefin copolymers was assigned by considering co-unit bulkiness, average crystallizable sequence lengths and thermal properties. The higher α-olefins were found to be more effective at decreasing density, but peak melting temperatures were higher. In terpolymers where lower α-olefins such as 1-butene and 1-pentene were used as comonomers, density was decreased more than the mathematical average expected from the ratio of comonomers in the terpolymers. Peak melting temperatures were also lower. Based on NMR evidence and the microstructures of the different copolymers the rationale for this occurrence could be ascribed to decreased clustering for these terpolymers. Branched α-olefins produced ethylene co- and terpolymers with significantly decreased densities as compared to the linear α-olefins. Impact strength of these polymers was also substantially higher, even at low comonomer content. Thermal evidence indicates that the microstructure of the co- and terpolymers containing branched α-olefins are very similar to that of the copolymers prepared with linear α-olefins of the same carbon number.     

Preparation and characterization of graft terpolymers with controlled molecular structure

Segmented terpolymers, poly(alkyl methacrylate)‐g‐poly(D ‐lactide)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PLA/PDMS), were prepared with a combination of the “grafting through” technique (macromonomer method) and controlled/living radical polymerization (atom transfer radical polymerization or reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization). Two synthetic pathways were used. The first was a single‐step approach in which a low‐molecular‐weight methacrylate monomer (methyl methacrylate or butyl methacrylate) was copolymerized with a PLA macromonomer and a PDMS macromonomer. The second strategy was a two‐step approach in which a graft copolymer containing one macromonomer was chain‐extended by a copolymerization of the second macromonomer and the low‐molecular‐weight methacrylate. The kinetics of both synthetic approaches were investigated, showing that the polymerizations exhibited a controlled/living behavior. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the terpolymers (composition, molecular weight distribution, and microstructure) was investigated by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography. Well‐defined terpolymers with controlled branch distribution, composition (F_w,PMMA/F_w,PLA/F_w,PDMS ～ 50/30/20) molecular weight (M_n ～ 50,000 g · mol^?1), and a narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n ～ 1.3) were prepared via both pathways. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1939–1952, 2004     

Stimuli‐responsive ampholytic terpolymers of N‐acryloyl‐valine,acrylamide, and (3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride: Synthesis,characterization, and solution properties

Low‐charge density ampholytic terpolymers composed of acrylamide (AM), (3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC), and N‐acryloyl‐valine were prepared via free‐radical polymerization in 0.5 M NaCl to yield terpolymers with random charge distributions. Sodium formate (NaOOCH) was employed as a chain transfer agent during the polymerization to suppress gel effects and broadening of the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Terpolymer compositions were determined by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Terpolymer molecular weights (MWs) and polydispersity indices (PDIs) were obtained via size exclusion chromatography/multi‐angle laser light scattering (SEC‐MALLS). Intrinsic viscosity values determined from SEC‐MALLS data using the Flory–Fox relationship were compared with those determined by low‐shear dilute solution viscometry and found to be in good agreement. SEC‐MALLS experiments allowed examination of radius of gyration‐MW (R_g‐M) relationships and the Mark‐Houwink‐Sakurada intrinsic viscosity‐MW ([η]‐M) relationships for terpolymers. The R_g‐M and [η]‐M relationships indicated little or no excluded volume effects under SEC conditions indicating that the terpolymers were in near theta conditions in an aqueous buffer solution. Potentiometric titration experiments were performed in deionized (DI) water. These studies revealed that the apparent pK_a of the AMVALTAC terpolymers increases with increasing VAL content. The solution properties of low‐charge density ampholytic terpolymers have been studied as functions of solution pH, ionic strength, and polymer concentration. The charge‐balanced terpolymers exhibit polyampholyte behavior at pH values ≥ 6.5. As solution pH is decreased, these charge‐balanced terpolymers become increasingly cationic due to the protonation of the VAL repeat units. Charge‐imbalanced terpolymers generally exhibit polyelectrolyte behavior, although the effects of intramolecular electrostatic interactions (e.g., polyampholyte effects) on the hydrodynamic volume are evident at certain values of solution pH and salt concentration. The solution behavior of the terpolymers in the dilute regime correlates well with that predicted by various polyampholyte solution theories. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3125–3139, 2006