PHOTOLUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF OCTADECYLRHODAMINE B IN MICELLES OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERGENTS AND WATER-SOLUBLE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

The fluorescence intensity, lifetime and degree of polarization of octadecylrhodamine B (ORB) have been measured in order to examine the usefulness of this molecule as a probe of micelle properties for low-molecular-weight detergents and water-soluble triblock copolymers. The surfactants examined are hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), Triton X-100 (TX-100), sodium dode-cylsulfate (SDS), sodium tetradecylsulfate (STS), and Pluronic L64 (ethylene oxide [EO]₁₃ propylene oxide₃₀ EO₁₃, L64). The fluorescence intensity and degree of polarization of ORB show drastic increases at the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of HTAC, TX-100 and L64, indicating that ORB is cooperatively incorporated into the micelles upon micellization. This feature demonstrates the validity of ORB as a probe for detecting micelle formation of these surfactants. However, in the case of SDS and STS, the fluorescence intensity starts to rise at concentrations far below the CMC, and the degree of polarization does not show significant changes at the CMC. The details of the interactions between ORB and the anionic surfactants have been unclear. These facts imply that some caution is needed for the applications of ORB to the systems containing anionic surfactants. The local viscosity of L64 micelles has been determined by polarization and lifetime measurements. The structure of the block copolymer micelles and the locations of the probe in the micelles are discussed in terms of the viscosity data.     

醇类在惰性溶剂中的缔合溶液热力学

用Kretschmer-Wiebe模型结合Hildebrand-Scatchard公式处理含醇体系的活度系γ_i,得到醇类的自身缔合平衡常数K_A和氢键生成焓h_A。在烷烃溶剂中,K_A与烷烃的碳原子数关系不显著。在同一溶剂中,K_A依下列顺序减小: 甲醇>乙醇>正丙醇>正丁醇; 正丙醇>异丙醇; 正丁醇>异丁醇>仲丁醇>叔丁醇。所测醇类的h_A的平均值为:k_A=-24.3±0.6kJmol~(-1),与醇类的碳原子数及异构关系不显著计算出醇类-角鲨烯体系偏离Hildebrand-Scatchard公式的相互作用常数l_(AB),l_(AB)均为负值,|l_(AB)|依下列顺序减小: 甲醇>乙醇>正丙醇>正丁醇; 正丙醇>异丙醇; 正丁醇>异丁醇>仲丁醇>叔丁醇     

可逆加成-断裂链转移方法合成两亲液晶嵌段功能大分子及其自组装的研究

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)可控聚合反应方法,合成制备了一系列窄分子量分布、结构规整的两亲液晶嵌段功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸亚己基胆固醇酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(PMA6Chol-block-PHEMA).运用核磁共振(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、示差扫描热分析仪(DSC)和热失重分析仪(TGA)对制备所得两亲嵌段功能大分子的化学结构、热物理性能以及液晶相结构与转变温度进行了研究.在此基础上,采用纳米沉淀法研究了所得系列液晶嵌段功能大分子在混合溶剂中的自组装,制备得到微米尺度球形组装体.研究结果表明刚性胆固醇液晶共聚单元的存在对于溶液自组装产生重要影响.     

SPONTANEOUS ORGANIZATION OF TWO XANTHOPHYLL COMPOUNDS IN WATER-ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS AS SHOWN BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM

Abstract— Alcoholic solutions of lutein, violeoxanthin and acetylated lutein containing more than 50% water exhibited strong CD signals in the main absorption region of the polyene chromophore.
The CD spectra obtained depended on the water content of the medium and were affected by temperature and detergents.
The spectroscopic changes in absorption and circular dichroism reveal a spontaneous ability of such pigment molecules for a stereospecific multimolecular organization in a hydrophilic environment. The biological significance of these spectroscopic phenomena is also discussed.     

硫化钼系催化剂上低碳醇的分布规律

对低碳混合醇的合成机理,有些学者曾提出了一些假说,例如Graves的构想以及Smith和Anderson的模型等。这些假说有的已被实验所验证,成功地描述了催化剂上产物的分布情况,但对于硫化钼系催化剂,由于发展较晚,尚未见到系统的合成机理的研究报道。Schulz-Flory方程(简称S-F方程)是用来解释费托合成烃类产物的分布规律。我们考察了硫化钼系催化剂上醇类产物分布的特点,得出了醇类分布符合S-F分布规律,并推出了适合于醇分布的S-F方程。     

SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE POTENTIOMETRIC PROBE MEROCYANINE-540 IN SOLUTIONS AND IN LIPOSOMES

Absorption, fluorescence and resonance Raman spectra of the membrane dye merocyanine-540 (MC540) were measured. The aggregation of the dye, its binding to lipid membranes and its response to crossmembrane electric potential differences were studied. The dye was found to aggregate even at micromolar concentrations in water, but not in organic solvents. The dimerization constant was evaluated by spectroscopic techniques. The binding constant to liposomes was estimated by a spectroscopic titration method. Resonance Raman spectra of MC540 were measured for the first time. Distinct changes were observed in the vibrational spectrum upon the generation of a valinomycin-induced K⁺ diffusion potential (Nernst potential) on liposomes. The ratio of Raman band intensities, which was found to be related to the membrane potential, can be used to evaluate the absolute value of the electric potential.     

PHOTOPHYSICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRITON X-165 IN AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SOLUTIONS

Abstract Laser flash photolysis of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-165 was carried out at 248 nm in methanolic and aqueous solutions at different pHs. Cation radical, triplet, phenoxy radical and solvated electron were observed as the transient absorbing species. Various characteristics of these transient species and their decay constants are reported. Photoionization was found to be a major process and it was monophotonic. The results obtained are compared with the photolysis of a small molecule p -methoxytoluene (PMT). Fluorescence and phosphorescence properties of the surfactants Triton X-100, Triton X-165 and PMT are also studied. A suitable reaction scheme is proposed to account for the observed results.     

PALLADIUM-CATALYZED ARYLATION OF ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS WITH ARYL IODIDES IN WATER

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of allylic alcohols with aryl iodides are shown to occur in the presence of sodium bicarbonate and tetra-n-butylammonium chloride in pure water using palladium acetate as catalyst. β-aromatic carbonyl compounds are obtained in good yields.     

负载量对K—Mo／γ—Al2O3合成醇催化剂性能及结构的影响

不同负载量硫化态Ｋ－ＭｏＯ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的合成醇活性结果表明，负载量由ＭｏＯ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝０．０５增加至ＭｏＯ３／Ａｌ２ｏ３＝０．２５时，ＣＯ２总转化率逐渐下降，而醇的选择性由３％增加至５０％，负载量进一步增加至ＭｏＯ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／０．４５时，ＣＯ总转化率逐渐升高而低碳醇选择性保护不变。     

正负离子表面活性剂与两性表面活性剂的相互作用

本文研究正负离子表面活性剂与两性表面活性剂混合水溶液的表面性质, 以及两性表面活性剂对正负离子裘面活性剂溶解度的影响。结果表明: (1) 两性表面活性剂的加溶作用,有助于正负离子表面活性剂的溶解; (2) 加入两性表面活性剂的量适当, 混合溶液基本保持原正负离子表面活性剂的表面活性; (3) 正负离子表面活性剂与两性表面活性剂在表面层和胶团中分子间的相互作用比正负离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂分子间的相互作用稍强HC-FC正负; 离子表面活性剂与两性表面活性剂混合体系在表面层中有可能形成双分子或多分子层结构。     

SURFACE ACIDITY OF ZEOLITE ZSM-5 AND ITS CATALYTIC PROPERTIES IN ESTERIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID WITH ALCOHOLS

IntroductionTheuseoflarge-PorezeolitessuchasXandYforcarelyzingtheesterificationhasbeenearlysuggestedbyBergklllandnorelationshipbetweentheactivityandsubdueaciditywasobserved.ItalianPatent[2]reportedthatdecationizedYzeolitesareveryactiveandselectivecatalyst…     

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTENE PARTICLES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The electrical properties of colloidal asphaltene/water solution interface were determined by carrying out the potentiometric titration and electrokinetic measurements. Asphaltenes in aqueous solutions exhibit typical organic colloid properties i.e. surface charge and electrophoretic mobility. It was considered that the surface charge at the asphaltene particles is a result of protonation and dissociation reactions of surface functional groups. On the base of the surface charge density data vs. pH the surface reaction constants were calculated by numerical method. The agreement of these values with calculated ones, on the base of ζ potential data, is noticeable.

The characteristic feature of the investigated systems is the maximum, appearing on the curve ζ potential vs. electrolyte concentration. This behaviour is explained by _”hair layer ” structure of the asphaltene surface     

CaWO4荧光体的微波热法合成和光致发光

本文报道微波热法合成 Ca WO4荧光体 ,X射线粉末衍射分析确证为四方晶系 ,Ca WO4:Pb0 .0 1 荧光体最大激发波长 λex=2 66.0 nm,最大发射波长 λem=450 .0 nm,在 2 54nm激发下 ,色坐标 x=0 .1 66,y=0 .1 2 4 ,与市售同类荧光体比较 ,相对发光亮度 86% ,荧光体中心粒径 D50 为9.1 8μm,体积比表面 SV 为 81 93 1 / cm。     

SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOLUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF NEW PLATINUM-CONTAINING POLY(FLUORENYLENEETHYNYLENE) ANCHORED WITH CARBAZOLE PENDANTS

A new luminescent and thermally stable platinum(Ⅱ) polyyne polymer trans-[-Pt(PBu_3)_2C=CArC=C-]_n(P1) containing the 2,7-fluorene chromophoric spacer substituted by pendant carbazolyl group via long alkyl bridges. The regiochemical structures of these compounds were studied by various spectroscopic analyses.We report the photophysical properties of this group 10 polymetallayne and a comparison was made to its binuclear model complex trans-[Pt(Ph)(PEt_3)_2C≡CArC≡CPt(Ph)(PEt_3)_2](M1) as well as to those ...     

安培瓶中水蒸汽对量热法测定纯物质热化学性质的影响

热化学性质(标准生成焓,标准生成Gibbs自由能等)作为物理化学基础数据在工业生产和科学研究中都有广泛用途.这些性质最基础的研究方法是量热学方法.各种热量计的基本原理都是用替代法测定封闭体系内一定量物质在相同条件下的焓变.量热学的根本目的在于测定封闭体系的焓变或焓在恒定压力下随温度变化的关系-热容Cp.     

二环戊二烯基钛烴氧基衍生物的合成和性能研究

二环戊二烯基二氯化钛与脂肪醇的反应是非常复杂的,由于反应体系不同,所得的产物也不同,且产物又不稳定^[1-3]。     

在水蒸气气氛中合成沸石分子筛及其特性

无定型硅铝凝胶－Ｎａ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ在水蒸气相中可以晶化合成出ＬＴＡ，ＦＡＵ和ＭＯＲ沸石晶体。本文重点研究了ＭＯＲ沸石的晶化条件和物理化学特性。     

ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF THE STEARIC ACID-OCTADECANE PARTICLES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The adsorption properties and surface charge creation for the stearic acid and octadecane/aqueous electrolyte solutions are considered. The hairy structure of surface charge for these systems was confirmed on the basis of potentiometric titration, ion adsorption and electrophoretic measurement data. For the system with stearic acid the reaction of ionization and complexation of carboxyl groups of stearic acid molecules from subsurface layer are responsible for the creation of surface charge and adsorption properties. The surface charge at octadecane particle is probably the results in adsorption and orientation of water molecules at the interface.     

稀土(Ⅲ)-HPMaFP-2,2''''-联吡啶混配配合物的合成和性质

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-(α-呋喃甲酰基)吡唑啉酮-5(HPMaFP)是一类新型β双酮螯合萃取剂。尚未见HPMaFP与稀土离子混配配合物的报道,这类研究对于深入探讨协萃机理和开发新型光谱材料,具有一定意义。本文合成了HPMaFP和2,2'-联吡啶(Dpy)的14个稀     

CARBODIIMIDE-MEDIATED ESTERIFICATIONS AND CONDENSATIONS OF PHOSPHORIC ACIDS DISSOLVED IN VARIOUS ALCOHOLS

Abstract

Carbodiimide-mediated phosphorylations carried out with ortho-, pyro-, trimeta-, tetrameta-, and long-chain polyphosphoric acids dissolved in various alcohols, with and without an excess of tri-n-butylamine at 27° were found to consist of complicated reaction sequences involving various phosphoric acids, then esters and complexes formed between the carbodiimide and these acids or esters. In the case of the condensation of orthophosphoric acid, the process of stepwise esterification is seen to compete with the process of condensation to form condensed phosphoric acids and their esters. In general, esterification as opposed to condensation is promoted by (a) increased acidity, (b) smaller size, and (c) increased concentration of the alcohol, as well as by (d) increased concentration of dissociable protons in the solution. ³¹P chemical-shift data are given for ortho, chain, and ring phosphoric acids and their esters dissolved in the corresponding alcohol. Typical kinetic curves and the distribution of products obtained upon the cessation of condensation are also presented.