La—Ba—Na—O催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联宏观反应动力学研究

甲烷氧化偶联反应在不同催化剂体系上动力学的研究各不相同,我们已报道了La-Ba-O系复合氧化物催化剂对此反应的优良催化性能。本文则是对该催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应的动力学进行初步探讨。     

甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃的热力学平衡限度

选择适宜的热力学模型对甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃体系的热力学平衡进行分析，考察温度﹑压力﹑进料组成对体系组分的平衡限度影响。研究发现，在甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃体系中，H2、CO的生成相对容易，C2产物（C2H4、C2H6）不容易生成。通过计算，得到了该体系有利于烯烃生成的反应条件，500℃～800℃、1.5MPa、烷氧摩尔比为7。实验为甲烷氧化偶联反应器和催化剂的开发研究提供热力学依据。     

微波场对固态氧离子导体上的甲烷氧化偶联的影响

研究了微波场下甲烷在具有δ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３结构的固态氧离子导体上氧化偶联反应行为。与常规加热条件下的反应结果相比较，微波辐射下的反应有上特点：（１）在达到相同甲烷转化率时，微波辐照下所需床层温度要远低于常规加热条件下所需床层温度；（２）微波辐照下，甲烷氧化偶联产物中Ｃ２烃的选择性普遍较高，在低温区尤为突出。微波场下甲烷偶联产物乙烷、乙烯的再氧化得到一定程度的抑制，致使微波场下的甲烷氧化偶联反应通常有较     

微波场对固态氧离子导体上的甲烷氧化偶朕的影响

研究了微波场下甲烷在具有Bi2O3结构的固态氧离子导体上氧化偶联反应行为．与常规加热条件下的反应结果相比较,微波辐照下的反应有如下特点;（1）在达到相同甲烷转化率时,微波辐照下所需床层温度要远低于常规加热条件下所需床层温度;（2）微波辐照下,甲烷氧化偶联产物中C2烃的选择性普遍较高,在低温区尤为突出．微波场下甲烷偶联产物乙烷、乙烯的再氧化得到一定程度的抑制,致使微波场下的甲烷氧化偶联反应通常有较低的烯／烷比．     

直接利用甲烷氧化偶联产物中的稀乙烯制环氧乙烷

直接利用甲烷氧化偶联产物中的稀乙烯制环氧乙烷刘育，徐法强，沈师孔（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州，７３００００）关键词乙烯环氧化，甲烷氧化偶联，负载银催化剂１．前言甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）是一个产物较为复杂的反应，从目前研究结果来看，产物中Ｃ２烃总...     

La—Th—O系催化剂的结构与甲烷氧化偶联催化性能的关系

研究了Ｌａ－Ｔｈ－Ｏ二元氧化物的组成、结构及其对甲烷氧化偶联反应催化性能的影响；用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ“ＳＥＭ等方法对催化剂进行表征，Ｌａ－Ｔｈ－Ｏ系列催经剂随Ｌａ／Ｔｈ原子比的变化，可生成ＬａｘＴｈ１－ｘＯ２－δ固溶体，具有萤石结构的ＬａｘＴｈ１－ｘＯ－２－δ相是甲烷氧化偶联反应的主要活性相。     

甲烷氧化偶联La—Mn—Li系复合氧化物催化剂的研究

用XRD、IR、XPS和SEM等方法研究了混合氧化物LiLa_(1-x)Mn_xO_2的结构和它们对甲烷氧化偶联的催化性能。结果表明,随着MnO_2的变化,可形成一系列复合氧化物,其中三元复合氧化物La_2Mn_(1-y)Li_yO_4是甲烷氧化偶联的活性相,由于Li~+部分取代Mn~(2+)形成Li~+-O~--Mn(2+)缺陷簇,增加了活性氧种的浓度和再生速度是这种氧化物具有较高甲烷偶联活性的主要原因。脉冲实验证明,CH_4脱氢生成CH_3·偶联生成C_2H_6,进一步氧化脱氢生成C_2H_4都可在催化剂表面完成,而CO和CO_2是在气相反应中生成的。在780℃C_2收率可达23.9%。     

甲烷氧化偶联催化反应的特征

应用程序升温反应（ＴＰＲ）及质谱分析表征了ＣａＯ，Ｓｍ２Ｏ３，０．５－１０％Ｓｍ／ＣａＯ催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应特性。谱图分析表明，在４００－１０００℃范围内，甲烷氧化偶联反应产物的变化呈现三个反应温度区域：（１）完全氧化区，反应主要为ＣＨ３·在催化剂表面完全氧化形成ＣＯｘ和Ｈ２：（２）偶联区，主要为ＣＨ３·的氧化和偶联竞争反应，Ｈ２谱线出现明显的低温峰；（３）氧耗尽区，反应为高温气相反应，产物     

掺杂SrTiO_3体系上甲烷氧化偶联反应的研究 催化剂的p型导电性与C_2选择性和C_2收率的关系

以低价元素掺杂SrTiO_3形成的SrTi_(1-x)MxO_(3-δ)(M=Al~(3+),Mg~(2+),Li~+;x=0～0.2)基本保持了SrTiO_3晶格结构。随着掺杂元素价态的降低和掺杂量的增加,p型电导升高,甲烷氧化偶联反应的C_2选择性和C_2收率也增加。在以不同价态元素掺杂的SrTiO_3体系中,发现C_2选择性和C_2收率与催化剂P型电导间有线性关系。认为掺杂SrTiO_3催化剂中的正导电空穴易与晶格氧发生电子交换生成部分还原态的活泼氧物种O~-,它可以使CH_4分子活化生成CH_3,进一步偶联生成C_2产物。掺杂SrTiO_3催化剂在甲烷氧化偶联反应初始阶段可吸收反应中产生的CO_2,使结构发生少许变化,稳定的SrTiO_3结构有利于甲烷氧化偶联活性的稳定。     

碱金属掺杂的碱土金属氧化物对甲烷偶联反应的影响

用急冷ＥＳＲ方法系统地研究了Ｌｉ／ＭｇＯ、Ｌｉ／ＣａＯ中Ｏ－物种的形成过程及性质。并通过甲烷分子的低温活化实验，验证了Ｏ－物种对甲烷生成Ｃ２产物的作用。将催化活性同Ｏ－物种很好地关联起来，通过ＣＯ２的吸附性能及荧光光谱的研究，指出在甲烷氧化偶联反应中，碱性对生成Ｃ２的作用要远小于Ｏ－的作用。     

Effect of quenching on the methane coupling reaction

The effect of reaction mixture quenching on C₂ product formation in the methane coupling reaction on La₂O₃/CaO is disclosed. For reaction with the mixture (vol. %): 54.5 CH₄, 9.1 O₂ and 36.4 N₂ at 973 K, quenching of products results in a two-fold decrease in C₂ product yield. The results give evidence that in methane oxidative coupling methyl radical formation can occur in the gas phase to an extent comparable with that on the catalyst surface. The effect described must be taken into account in the case of an industrial application of methane oxidative coupling, too, because quenching is a regular procedure in the high temperature oxidative processes.     

Li-Ni-Y-O系复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的研究

本文考察了用于甲烷氧化偶联反应的Li-Ni-Y-O系复合氧化物催化剂的组成、制备条件以及各反应条件对反应活性的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性,并利用XRD对此系列催化剂进行了结构表征。     

等离子体条件下甲烷在CO_2存在下的脱氢偶联(英文)

在常温常压下,利用脉冲电晕等离子体研究了甲烷和二氧化碳的转化。在等离子体一催化反应装置上,测试了Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３对甲烷偶联的催化活性。实验发现,在脉冲电晕等离子体作用下,甲烷和二氧化碳被转化为Ｃ２烃、ＣＯ、Ｈ２、Ｏ２、少量积碳和高碳烃;在等离子体条件下引入Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂,能够有效地改善甲烷偶联产物Ｃ２烃的分布,有利于生成更高附加值的乙烯。     

Dual-Bed Catalytic System for Direct Conversion of Methane to Liquid Hydrocarbons

A dual-bed catalytic system is proposed for the direct conversion of methane to liquid hydrocarbons. In this system, methane is converted in the first stage to oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) products by selective catalytic oxidation with oxygen over La-supported MgO catalyst. The second bed, comprising of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, is used for the oligomerization of OCM light hydrocarbon products to liquid hydrocarbons. The effects of temperature (650-800℃), methane to oxygen ratio (4 10), and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst on the process are studied. At higher reaction temperatures, there is considerable dealumination of HZSM-5, and thus its catalytic performance is reduced. The acidity of HZSM-5 in the second bed is responsible for the oligomerization reaction that leads to the formation of liquid hydrocarbons. The activities of the oligomerization sites were unequivocally affected by the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. The relation between the acidity and the activity of HZSM-5 is studied by means of TPD-NH:j techniques. The rise in oxygen concentration is not beneficial for the C5 selectivity, where the combustion reaction of intermediate hydrocarbon products that leads to the formation of carbon oxide (CO CO2) products is more dominant than the oligomerization reaction. The dual-bed catalytie system is highly potential for directly converting methane to liquid fuels.     

甲烷氧化偶联锂/氧化镁催化剂和纳米催化剂

The Li/MgO catalyst and nanocatalyst were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation and sol-gel method, respectively. The catalytic performance of the Li/MgO catalyst and nanocatalyst on oxidative coupling of methane was compared. The catalysts prepared in two ways were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface and transmission electron microscope. The catalyst was tested at temperature of 973-1073 K with constant total pressure of 101 kPa. Experimental results showed that Li/MgO nanocatalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane would result in higher conversion of methane, higher selectivity, and higher yield of main products (ethane and ethylene) compared to ordinary catalyst. The results show the improved influence of nanoscale Li/MgO catalyst performance on oxidative coupling of methane.     

Formation of Acetylene in the Reaction of Methane with Iron Carbide Cluster Anions FeC3− under High‐Temperature Conditions

The underlying mechanism for non‐oxidative methane aromatization remains controversial owing to the lack of experimental evidence for the formation of the first C?C bond. For the first time, the elementary reaction of methane with atomic clusters (FeC₃^?) under high‐temperature conditions to produce C?C coupling products has been characterized by mass spectrometry. With the elevation of temperature from 300 K to 610 K, the production of acetylene, the important intermediate proposed in a monofunctional mechanism of methane aromatization, was significantly enhanced, which can be well‐rationalized by quantum chemistry calculations. This study narrows the gap between gas‐phase and condensed‐phase studies on methane conversion and suggests that the monofunctional mechanism probably operates in non‐oxidative methane aromatization.     

New approach to the preparation of catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane

A new approach to the preparation of systems that exhibit catalytic activity in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is considered. With the use of ferrospheres separated from power-generation ashes from different sources as an example, it was demonstrated that OCM catalysts can be prepared by the crystallization/solidification of oxide melts with the formation of microspherical particles. The dependence of activity and selectivity for the oxidative reforming of methane on the ferrospheres containing from 36.2 to 92.5 wt % Fe₂O₃ into the products of deep oxidation and OCM was studied. It was found that deep oxidation reactions on ferrospheres with Fe₂O₃ contents higher than 85% were suppressed, and the main reaction path of CH₄ conversion was its oxidative coupling with the formation of C₂ products (with selectivity to 60% at 750°C); moreover, the selectivity for C₂ formation in this region was proportional to the concentration of Fe₂O₃. Phases responsible for the catalytic conversion of methane into CO _x and OCM products were considered, and it was shown that the catalytic activity and selectivity of the oxidative transformation of CH₄ on ferrospheres is determined by the position of the point that corresponds to their composition on a phase diagram of CaO-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂.     

ABO3型稀土铝酸盐的表面状态及其催化性能

大量文献资料表明,甲烷催化氧化偶联反应中,催化剂的表面状态起着关键作用.本文初步探讨了LnAlO_3对甲烷偶联反应的催化性能,并用X光衍射(XRD)技术表征了催化剂的体相性质,用X光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了表面状态、组成和表面碱性,并同催化性能进行了关联.1 实验方法     

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE AT LOWER TEMPERATURE

A simple review is given to the recent work of the oxidative couplingof methane at lower temperature. One emphasis is on the different systems oflow-temperature catalysts under conventional CH_4/O_2 cofeed conditions,andanother is on the investigations of low-temperature oxidative coupling ofmethane in the presence of steam in the feed. Other approaches,e.g.,oxidative coupling of methane at elevated pressure and moderate temperature,preparing ethylene by oxidative coupling reaction of methane on laser-activatedsolid surface, are also concerned.