绿色海洋防污涂料技术及其研究进展

海洋生物污损给人类海洋生产和运输活动带来了严重的影响,涂覆防污涂料是解决这一问题根本办法。近年来大量使用的有机锡和氧化亚铜涂料,对海洋生物的生存环境造成了危害。因此,研究高效、低毒、绿色的海洋防污涂料成为目前发展的主要方向。本文综述了当前绿色环保型防污涂料的发展状况及研究进展,重点介绍了含氟、含硅低表面能防污涂料、天然产物防污涂料和新型无锡自抛光防污涂料的发展状况,并分析了今后绿色海洋防污涂料的发展趋势。     

层层自组装技术在生物医用材料领域中的应用研究进展

基于聚电解质阴阳离子交替组装的层层自组装技术由于可在温和的条件下实现多种生物大分子在材料表面的固定,并通过对组装条件的控制实现多种生物功能,已成为生物医用材料表面设计的重要手段。本文对层层自组装技术在构建血液相容性界面、组织工程表面、药物控释涂层等生物医用材料领域的应用研究进行了比较系统的阐述。     

高分子阻尼涂料的研究进展

介绍了高分子阻尼涂料的阻尼机理和组成,以及阻尼涂料的高分子改性方法,包括共聚、共混和互穿网络(IPN)等以及国内外发展现状。重点介绍了目前通用的树脂基料和填料,详细介绍了互穿网络改性方法和乳液聚合物互穿网络,以及环境友好水性阻尼涂料的研究现状和发展。     

水性纸品上光涂料的研究进展

水性纸品上光涂料是用于印刷品的精加工及包装材料的表面整饬的一种涂料,具有成本低、无污染、无毒无害、性能优良,运输方便等优点,是当前印刷上光涂料的主要发展方向。目前,国内的水性纸品上光涂料生产技术多样化,质量参差不齐,且成本高,耐水、耐磨、光泽度性能都达不到高档印刷品的上光要求,70%的高档水性纸品上光涂料需要依靠进口。本文系统地介绍了目前国内外水性纸品上光涂料的研究进展,总结了水性纸品上光涂料的各自特点与应用,并提出一种水性纸品上光涂料制备的新方法。     

保形涂料的研究进展

介绍保形涂料的固化机理,比较了各类光固化保形涂料及其修复方法,综述紫外光固化保形涂料的研究进展。     

水性防污涂料的研究进展

海洋污损生物是海洋资源开发首先要面对的问题。防污涂料是防除海洋污损生物的关键材料。传统的防污涂料虽然发展成熟,但以油性溶剂为介质,存在挥发性有机物(VOC)排放过高、环境污染严重的问题。不释放VOC的水性涂料符合绿色无污染的环保要求,是防污材料领域研究的热点。本文对最重要的四种水性防污涂料(污损释放型水性低表面能防污涂料、自抛光型水性防污涂料、污损阻抗型水凝胶海洋防污涂料、强碱释放型水性硅酸盐防污涂料)从防污机理、制备方法和存在的问题等几个方面进行了综述,并对水性防污涂料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

膨胀型阻燃涂料的研究进展

本文综述了近年来膨胀型阻燃涂料的研究进展,从膨胀型阻燃涂料的构成(基料、膨胀阻燃体系、填料颜料、助剂)出发,详细介绍了国内外基料的研究现况;并对常用的主要膨胀型阻燃剂,包括炭化剂、脱水催化剂和发泡剂进行了总结和分类;结合国外的研究,将常用几种填料对膨胀型阻燃涂料的性能影响作了系统的总结,对阻燃协效剂和其它助剂的影响和使用情况也进行了归纳和论述,并在此基础上对未来膨胀型阻燃涂料的发展趋势提出了建议。     

粘度法研究氯化聚丙烯和涂料树脂间的相容性

用稀溶液粘度法研究了氯化聚丙烯与石油树脂、丙烯酸树脂和醇酸树脂间的相容性,并用α判据对相容性结果进行判别。结果显示,石油树脂/氯化聚丙烯的共混体系是相容的;丙烯酸树脂/氯化聚丙烯的共混体系是不相容的。而醇酸树脂与氯化聚丙烯的相容性情况复杂,由二者的组成决定。当m(醇酸树脂)∶m(氯化聚丙烯)1∶1时,体系是相容的;当m(醇酸树脂)∶m(氯化聚丙烯)1∶1时,体系是不相容的。通过共溶剂法和涂膜宏观特性对上述体系的相容性进行测定,所得结果与α判据的结果相符合,印证了稀溶液粘度法研究溶液中高分子间的相互作用来预测涂料树脂的相容性具有一定可行性。     

浓乳液聚合制备PS/PAN自增容合金及其自增容机理研究

提出了浓乳液方法扩散自增容的反应机理,利用浓乳液液滴间异种单体的相互扩散及其共聚反应在相界面上生成准嵌段共聚物,成功地制备出自增容化的聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)高分子合金.对聚合产物进行了元素分析测定,验证了浓乳液扩散自增容的反应机理.同时用红外光谱、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等手段对产物的相容性进行了表征.结果表明,在实验范围内,随着浓乳液预聚转化率的提高,产物中准嵌段共聚物的含量随之增加,PS/PAN两相间的相容性也相应得到改善.浓乳液预聚转化率为9.0%时,所制备的PS/PAN高分子合金具有最佳的相容性.     

共聚物的自组装研究进展

自组装是分子间通过非共价键相互作用自发组合形成的一类结构明确、稳定,同时具有某种特定功能或性能的分子聚集体或超分子结构的现象。利用共聚物自组装技术可以制备高度有序介观形貌的功能材料,这些材料有望在生物医学、药物释放、智能材料等领域得到广泛的应用。研究表明,不同结构的共聚物的自组装行为和功能一般不同,同时环境条件,如温度、pH值等也对共聚物自组装行为有很大影响。本文从共聚物结构及外部环境条件两个方面综述了近几年来共聚物的自组装行为规律,并分析了相关自组装结构应用的研究进展。     

环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展

海洋污损是海洋资源开发与利用中遇到的一个国际性难题,发展环境友好海洋防污体系是该领域最重要的方向。本文综述了近年来环境友好海洋防污体系的研究进展,并探讨了未来的发展方向。     

稀土在激光熔覆涂层中的分布和行为

用激光快速熔凝法研究了加入钢表层稀土的行为和分布。结果表明，因用激光处理含稀土的涂层能够使较多的稀土偏聚到钢的表层；偏聚到钢表层的过饱和稀土除与氧、硫作用外，还可固溶于晶内、晶界或晶界附近，甚至能形成金属间化合物ＲＥ２Ｆｅ１７；经过激光处理后表面稀土的作用更为明显     

An efficient hydrogenation of various alkenes using scrap automobile catalyst

An efficient, easy, cheap, convenient, and safe procedure for the reduction of various alkenes to the corresponding alkanes is developed by using scrap automobile catalyst as an efficient hydrogenation catalyst. This procedure not only gives high yields, but also allows recycling of automobile wastes as a catalyst in organic reactions and is representative of green chemistry.     

用于水性涂料的Pickering乳液包覆抗蚀活性助剂的研究进展

简述了五种包覆技术和Pickering乳液,综述了Pickering乳液包覆技术制备的复合微球,重点论述了采用Pickering乳液包覆抗蚀性活性助剂的原理以及在水性涂料中的应用,目前研究情况及应用优势,最后展望了Pickering乳液包覆技术的深入研究会对推动水性涂料行业的迅猛发展起到关键性作用。     

Multiresidue determination of organochlorines in fish oil by GC-MS: A new strategy in the sample preparation

A rapid, economic and environmentally friendly analytical methodology has been implemented for the determination of α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDE, PCBs congeners #28, #52, #101, #153, #138 and #180 and Hexachlorobenzene in fish oil. 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphtalene was used as internal standard. The sample preparation, consisting of a single step of clean-up and fractionation, took place in a column filled with different layers of neutral and sulphuric acid modified silica. The analytes were eluted by vacuum with of hexane. Significant reduction in terms of solvents, sorbents, and analysis time was achieved in comparison with literature.Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used for the separation and determination of the analytes. The instrumental limits of detection were from 0.1 to 1.3 ng mL⁻¹ and the response of the detector was linear up to 200 ng mL⁻¹. The separation proved to be precise (RSD < 3.7% in peak area) and robust in terms of peak area, peak efficacy and resolution. The methodology was validated with two certified reference materials of cod liver oil, BCR 598 and BCR 349, obtaining no statistically significant differences between the concentrations found and certified. For the analytes that were not certified, aliquots of the reference materials were spiked and the recoveries obtained were satisfactory. These results were consistent with those found previously for DDTs by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector.The methodology was applied to the analysis of three fish oil pills sold in Spain as a dietary supplement of vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids. The sum of the analytes studied was from 64 to 80 ng g⁻¹. The most abundant compounds are PCBs, followed by DDTs in all samples.     

光刻胶用底部抗反射涂层研究进展

随着微电子工业的蓬勃发展,光刻技术向着更高分辨率的方向迈进,运用底部抗反射涂层有效消除光刻技术中的驻波效应、凹缺效应,提高关键尺寸均一性和图案分辨率,引起了广大研究者的关注。本文简要介绍了光刻胶和光刻技术,底部抗反射涂层的分类、基本原理、刻蚀工艺以及其发展状况。重点对底部抗反射涂层的最新研究进展进行了总结,尤其是碱溶型底部抗反射涂层在光刻胶中的应用研究,最后对底部抗反射涂层的发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

高镍三元正极材料的表面包覆策略

锂离子电池(LIBs)因具有更高的重量/体积能量密度、 更长的使用寿命、 更低的自放电率等优点而逐渐被广泛应用. 相比于已经广泛使用的钴酸锂和磷酸铁锂等正极材料, 高镍三元正极材料Li[Ni_1-x-yCo_xMn_y]O₂(NCM)以其高电压和高容量等优点, 逐渐成为下一代高能锂离子电池的首选正极材料之一. 尽管高镍NCM正极材料具有上述优点, 但在进一步的实际应用前还需解决其循环稳定性、 倍率性能和安全性等问题, 这些问题主要源于NCM材料本身的晶体结构不稳定、 正极-电解液间界面副反应及高界面电阻等. 针对这些问题, 目前对高镍NCM正极电化学性能优化的大量研究都与电极-电解液界面有关, 如何通过改善界面稳定性、 增加离子在固液界面的迁移率、 抑制界面副反应、 提高正极材料的稳定性进而改善电池性能成为了关注焦点. 本文总结了目前对于其电化学性能衰减的机理解释, 分类概括了包括电化学惰性包覆锂、 残积物清除剂包覆和锂离子良导体包覆等对于高镍NCM正极材料的颗粒表面包覆策略, 简述了一些新兴的包覆策略, 并对高镍NCM正极材料的发展方向和前景提出了展望.     

用环境友好催化剂H-β沸石制备紫罗兰酮

用环境友好催化剂Ｈ－β沸石催化假性紫罗兰酮环化制备紫罗兰酮。考察了催化剂的用量、反应温度和时间对反应的影响,并测定了假性紫罗兰酮环化反应的速率常数和活化能（３６．４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ）．Ｈ－β沸石能被回收、再生和重复使用,且与用新鲜Ｈ－β沸石时几乎有相同的紫罗兰酮产率。     

A new approach for one-pot,green synthesis of new polycyclic indoles in aqueous solution

Electro-oxidation of phenylamine derivatives (1a and 1b) have been studied in the presence of pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (3) as a nucleophile in phosphate buffer solution mixed with ethanol, using voltammetric and spectroscopic techniques. The obtained results indicated that the oxidized form of phenylamines (2a and 2b) participate in Michael addition type reactions with pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (3) and via ECECCCCC mechanisms convert to the corresponding new polycyclic indoles (12a and 12b). In the present study, new polycyclic indole derivatives were synthesized with good yields and high purity using a facile, one-pot and environmentally friendly electrochemical method, without any chemical catalysts, toxic solvents and hard conditions.     

Self‐assembly of Carbon Particles as a Heat Sink Coating to Promote Radiative Cooling

Novel composite carbon particles are developed that can self‐assemble as a coating on a substrate without a binder. These carbon particles were used as a coating to enhance thermal dissipation and their thermal conductivity, surface emissivity and cooling performance were measured. Carbon particles with both thiol and epoxy functional groups self‐assembled to form a coating on the surface of a heat sink without a binder, which greatly improved the thermal conductivity of the coating. Coating a heat sink with the carbon particles yielded a higher thermal conductivity and emissivity than could be obtained with the addition of binder in the conventional approach, and significantly enhanced the cooling performance. In addition, the cooling performance of the carbon nanotube outperformed all other particles when coated on a substrate, because it had the highest thermal conductivity and good radiation emissivity. We developed an equation to describe the various parameters affecting the cooling performance of the thermally dissipative coating. This equation was confirmed by the experimental data.