Investigation of the influence of the key parameters onthe system performance in all-ptical label switching based on FSK/ASK orthogonal modulation format

<正>The transmission characteristics of the optical label switching system based on the FSK/ASK orthogonal modulation format is investigated.The factors that affect the transmission performance,such as the FSK tone space,dispersion compensation and coupler split ratio,are studied by numerical simulation.The proposed scheme is also experimentally demonstrated with a transmission of 155 Mbit/s FSK label combined with 10 Gbit/s ASK payload.     

Study of FSK/IM orthogonal modulation system with optical Manchester-coded payload

<正>We study the performance of an orthogonal modulation system with frequency-shift keying(FSK) label and optical Manchester-coded(MC) payload.Simulation result shows that by introducing an optical MC payload,the available extinction ratio(ER) value of a FSK and intensity modulation(IM) orthogonal modulation system can be improved from 5 to 9 dB for system optimization,exhibiting great advantages over the traditional non-return-to-zero(NRZ) payload.Besides,the bit error rate(BER) characteristics of both label and payload show a more remarkable advantage than that of NRZ coding,verifying itself as a perfect candidate for the payload coding method in orthogonal modulation systems.     

An Optical Labeling Scheme with Novel DPSK/PPM Orthogonal Modulation

A novel differential-phase-shift-keying （DPSK）/pulse-position-modulation （PPM） orthogonal modulation is pro- posed for optical labeling applications, with PPM data as the high-speed payload and DPSK signal as the optical label. The systematic setup for the proposed scheme and research on bit-error rate is presented. The results show that at the bit-error rate of 10-~, the power penalties for 70kin fiber transmission are in the range of 1-3 dB to DPSK label and 5-6 dB to PPM payload in our simulation system. This is under the condition that the large extinction ratio of 18-19 dB is used for the intensity modulators of the PPM payload, with a well received DPSK label. Thus the feasibility of the proposed scheme for all optical transmission networks is clearly verified.     

Generation of coherent optical multi-carriers using concatenated,dual-drive Mach-Zehnder and phase modulators

The generation of coherent optical subcarriers based on a concatenated dual-drive Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator（IM） and two phase modulators（PMs） is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The modulation index and DC bias of PM+IM modulation are theoretically investigated.Theoretical analysis and numerical study are also carried out to examine the proposed scheme.We use 25-GHz RF synchronous sinusoidal signals to drive cascaded two-stage PMs and IM,through which we generate 28 subcarriers with peak power fluctuations less than 4 dB.The measured tone-to-noise ratio of the subcarrier is higher than 40 dB.The experimental results show that for 100-Gb/s polarization multiplexing QPSK signal,the receiver sensitivity of the back-to-back signal is -28.6 dBm,and the power penalty is lower than 1 dB after 100-km transmission at the BER of 1×10^-9.     

Label swapping and packet transmission of DPSK-labeled PPM signal in optical label switching

A label swapping scheme of an optical labeled signal with differential phase shift keying(DPSK) for label at 2.5 Gb/s and pulse position modulation(PPM) for payload at 40 Gb/s is demonstrated by simulation.Power penalties of ～1.8 and ～0.8 dB are achieved for both the payload and label over 80-km single mode fiber(SMF) transmission.This labeling scheme allows the use of four-wave mixing(FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA) to perform label erasure,with advantages of transparence for bit rate,high processing rate,simple architecture,and low cost.Label swapping is demonstrated with appropriate penalties of-3.5 and 0.8 dB for PPM payload and new DPSK label,respectively.To further prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme,label swapping in the case of using 10-Gb/s DPSK label is also investigated with the power penalties of 6 and 2 dB for PPM payload and new DPSK label.     

Precision frequency measurement of ~1S_0–~3P_1 intercombination lines of Sr isotopes

We report on frequency measurement of the intercombination(5s2)1S0–(5s5p)3P1transition of the four natural isotopes of strontium,including88Sr(82.58%),87Sr(7.0%),86Sr(9.86%),and84Sr(0.56%).A narrow-linewidth laser that is locked to an ultra-low expansion(ULE)optical cavity with a finesse of 12000 is evaluated at a linewidth of 200 Hz with a fractional frequency drift of 2.8×10-13at an integration time of 1 s.The fluorescence collector and detector are specially designed,based on a thermal atomic beam.Using a double-pass acousto-optic modulator(AOM)combined with a fiber and laser power stabilization configuration to detune the laser frequency enables high signal-to-noise ratios and precision saturated spectra to be obtained for the six transition lines,which allows us to determine the transition frequency precisely.The optical frequency is measured using an optical frequency synthesizer referenced to an H maser.Both the statistical values and the final values,including the corrections and uncertainties,are derived for a comparison with the values given in other works.     

Analysis on high speed response of a uni-traveling-carrier double hetero-junction phototransistor

In this paper, the positive influence of a uni-traveling-carrier(UTC) structure to ease the contract between the responsivity and working speed of the In P-based double hetero-junction phototransistor(DHPT) is illustrated in detail. Different results under electrical bias, optical bias or combined electrical and optical bias are analyzed for an excellent UTC-DHPT performance. The results show that when the UTC-DHPT operates at three-terminal(3T) working mode with combined electrical bias and optical bias in base, it keeps a high optical responsivity of 34.72 A/W and the highest optical transition frequency of 120 GHz. The current gain of the 3T UTC-DHPT under 1.55-μm light illuminations reaches 62 d B. This indicates that the combined base electrical bias and optical bias of 3T UTC-DHPT can make sure that the UTC-DHPT provides high optical current gain and high optical transition frequency simultaneously.     

A study of multi-trapping of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers

We develop a pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers, and study its multi-trapping characteristic. The finite difference time domain method is employed to simulate the trapping force characteristic of this pair of single fiber optical tweezers, and the results show that the number of trapped particles depends on the refractive index and the size of the particles. The trapping force of this pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers is calibrated by the experimental method, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The multi-trapping capability realized by the tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers will be practical and useful for applications in biomedical research fields.     

STUDIES ON THE DYNAMICS OF OPTICAL BISTABILITY SWITCHING IN THE INTERNAL FABRY-PEROT CAVITY WITH A CdSxSe1-x-DOPED GLASS CHANNEL WAVEGUIDE

We report the optical bistability in CdS_xSe_1-x-doped glass channel waveguide with rise and fall times of about 24 and 30ps, respectively, in bistable switching by means of fiber coupling input with a power of about 3mW. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (x⁽³⁾) of CdS_xSe_1-x-doped glass is estimated experimentally to be 1.8×10^-9 esu. The high speed switching and the value of x⁽¹⁾ show that the optical bistability is caused by an optical nonlinearity which can be attributed to the band-filling effect.     

Novel optical packet with non-return-to-zero label and duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero payload

A novel packet format with non-return-to-zero(NRZ)label and duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (DCS-RZ)payload is proposed for optical packet switching networks.NRZ label is followed by DCS-RZ payload with a certain guard time.The spectra of the low-rate NRZ label locate around the optical carrier frequency where some parts of the corresponding spectra of the high-rate DCS-RZ payload have been suppressed due to DCS-RZ modulation.At the switching node,the label or payload extraction can be realized simply through an optical bandpass or notch filter respectively.The feasibility of the scheme is verified by the simulation on the famous photonic design platform designed by Virtual Photonics Inc. (VPI).The effects of optical filter bandwidth on the received signal quality are discussed by analyzing bit error rate(BER)and contrast ratio performances.     

Investigation of high-speed optical FSK generation scheme based on carrier suppression and phase modulation

We propose and numerically investigate a novel high-speed (40-Gb/s and above) optical frequency shift-keying (FSK) transmitter scheme. By optical carrier-suppressed modulation and differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) to intensity modulation (IM) conversion, only one light source is needed in the proposed scheme to generate high-speed optical FSK signals. By using a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) as phase modulator and an additional delay interferometer (DI) cascaded after the carrier-suppressed MZM to suppress the remaining carrier, the performance of our scheme can compete with the double-light-source counterparts. The transmission performances of the FSK signal generated with the proposed scheme as well as detuning and bandwidth tolerance of the demodulation filter are also carefully investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed FSK generation scheme is very suitable for the next-generation optical access network and optical label switching network. A potential application of our scheme in high-speed passive optical network is proposed.     

170 Mb/s multilevel transmission over 115 m standard step-index plastic optical fiber using an integrated optical receiver

An optical receiver having a high linearity is used for multilevel communication over standard step plastic optical fiber. A large-diameter photodiode with an antireflection coating optimized for red light was integrated. These features enable the used optical receiver to be a promising plastic optical fiber receiver. An error free (< 10⁻⁸) 170 Mb/s data rate over 115 m standard PMMA step-index plastic optical fiber is achieved with four-level and eight-level pulse amplitude modulation.     

Investigation of a high-speed optical FSK scheme for WDM-PON applications with centralized lightwave source

This paper proposes and numerically investigates a novel high-speed wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture with colorless user terminals based on the use of orthogonal modulation scheme for downstream and upstream transmission. The 40 Gb/s optical frequency shift keyed (FSK) downstream data is generated based on carrier-suppressed modulation. At optical network unit, the downstream signal is directly re-modulated by the 2.5 Gb/s up-stream data and sent back with the same fiber. Error free transmission over 20 km single mode fiber can be observed for both downstream and upstream signals in our simulation. Power budget, tolerance of channel spacing, FSK tone spacing and dispersion are all investigated. Factors that might influence the stability of the system are analyzed and an extended hybrid wired/wireless version of the scheme is also given.     

Full-Duplex Link Providing Alternative Wired and Wireless Broadband Access for the Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network with a Uniform Converged Signal Format

Abstract

A full-duplex link implementing alternative wired and wireless access for wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network is proposed with the uniformed three-tone converged optical signal, which provides a wired or wireless downlink access signal alternatively and an uplink optical carrier. The uplink optical carrier reversed by the converged optical signal makes the hybrid optical node unit free from the optical source. The simulation results show that the full-duplex link with a 10-Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) downstream and 5 Gb/s binary upstream can provide both wired access with a bit-error rate below 10^?9 and radio-over-fiber-based wireless access with a bit-error rate below 10^?7 over 40 km of fiber without an optical source and optical amplifier in the hybrid optical node unit.     

Optical access transmission with improved channel capacity using non-orthogonal frequency quadrature amplitude modulation

A new modulation scheme that improves the bandwidth efficiency of an optical access link is proposed in this paper. It is implemented using non-orthogonal frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) simultaneously. We call the proposed technique non-orthogonal frequency quadrature amplitude modulation (NOFQAM). Especially, non-orthogonal FSK based on digital signal processing (DSP) is proposed for the first time. DSP-aided non-orthogonal FSK allows us to select RF carrier frequency irrespective of the channel bandwidth to allocate FSK symbols, unlike the existing orthogonal FSK. The non-orthogonality is implemented using a sequential correlation, where a received NOFQAM signal is correlated with only one RF carrier at a time by using DSP. After the sequential correlation is completed, both the FSK and the QAM symbols are recovered successfully and merged to generate the NOFQAM symbols. For experimental verification, a 20-km optical access link, which can transmit a 64-NOFQAM signal sampled at 10 Gsample/s, is implemented. We observed no increase in occupied channel bandwidth and a power penalty <0.5 dB compared to the 16-QAM scheme. A bit error rate lower than 10^?11 was obtained for the frequency spacing considered herein, which corresponds to 3% of the used RF carrier (1.5 GHz) when there are 50 sampling points per 64-NOFQAM symbol.     

频移键控无线光通信系统的Optisystem实验仿真

调制技术是无线激光通信中的关键技术之一.目前国内外无线激光通信所采用的调制方式多为强度调制或相位调制.对研究较少的频率调制系统进行了研究,分析了多普勒效应对系统的影响,借鉴光纤通信领域的最新研究成果提出了高速频移键控(FSK)无线光通信系统的方案设计,并使用Optisystem软件实现系统仿真,对激光器线宽、滤波器带宽...     

Giga-bit optical receiver for plastic optical fibre

An optical receiver with high sensitivity and linearity specially designed for Giga-bit communications over small-bandwidth high-attenuation multimode plastic optical fiber is presented. An automatic gain control transimpedance amplifier and linear post amplifiers are used to maintain a good performance with multilevel modulation. Using multilevel signaling and large-diameter integrated photodiodes make the presented optical receiver suitable for large core plastic optical fiber. For a wavelength of 675 nm, a sensitivity of −26.3 dB m (BER = 10⁻⁹) at 500 Mb/s is presented by a binary signal. A data rate of 1 Gb/s and a sensitivity of −19.8 dB m (BER = 10⁻⁹) are achieved with four-level pulse amplitude modulation.     

Transmission performance of 20 × 10 Gb/s WDM signals using cascaded optimized SOAs with OOK and DPSK modulation formats

We investigated 20 channels at 10 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission over 1190 km single mode fiber and dispersion compensating fiber using cascaded inline semiconductor optical amplifier at a span of 70 km for RZ-DPSK (return zero differential phase-shift keying) modulation format by using same channel spacing, i.e. 100 GHz. We show for RZ-OOK (return zero on-off keying) format a transmission distance of up to 1050 km with Q factor more than 15 dB, without any power drops. We developed the SOA model for inline amplifier having minimum cross-talks and ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) noise power with sufficient gain. At optimal bias current of 400 mA, a high constant gain of 36.5 dB is obtained up to a saturation power of 21.36 mW. So reduction of cross-talk and distortion is possible by decreasing the bias current at appropriate amplification factor.The DPSK modulation format has less cross-talk as compared to OOK format for nonlinearities and saturation case. The impact of optical power received and Q factor at different distance for both RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK modulation format has been illustrated. We have shown the optical spectrum and clear Eye diagram at the transmission distance of 1190 km in RZ-DPSK system and 1050 km in RZ-OOK systems.The bit error rate (BER) for all channels observed is less than 10⁻¹⁰ up to gain saturation for both DPSK and OOK systems. Finally, we investigated that the transmission distance decreases with a decrease in channel spacing of up to 20 GHz.     

Characterization of small-signal intensity modulation of single-mode fiber grating Fabry-Perot laser source

A comprehensive study on the small-signal intensity modulation (IM) characteristics of a fiber grating Fabry-Perot (FGFP) laser is numerically investigated. The effect of external optical feedback (OFB), temperature, injection current, cavity volume, nonlinear gain compression factor, and fiber grating (FG) parameters on IM characteristics are presented. The temperature dependence (TD) of IM is calculated according to the TD of laser cavity parameters instead of using the well-known Parkove relationship. It has been shown that the optimum external fiber length (L _ext) is 3.1 cm. The optimum range of working temperature for FGFP laser is between 23 to 27 °C. We also show that by increasing the laser injection current from 10 to 60 mA, the IM peak amplitude decreased from 6.3 to 0.2 dB and the relaxation-oscillation frequency (ROF) is shifted from 1.2 GHz towards higher frequency of 5.48 GHz. In addition, the AR coating reflectivity and gain compression factor have no significant effect on the IM. The study indicates that a stable operation and excellent modulation characteristic can be obtained after optimization process.