Charged fermions tunneling from regular black holes

We study Hawking radiation of charged fermions as a tunneling process from charged regular black holes, i.e., the Bardeen and ABGB black holes. For this purpose, we apply the semiclassical WKB approximation to the general covariant Dirac equation for charged particles and evaluate the tunneling probabilities. We recover the Hawking temperature corresponding to these charged regular black holes. Further, we consider the back-reaction effects of the emitted spin particles from black holes and calculate their corresponding quantum corrections to the radiation spectrum. We find that this radiation spectrum is not purely thermal due to the energy and charge conservation but has some corrections. In the absence of charge, e = 0, our results are consistent with those already present in the literature.     

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles via Tunneling from a Cylindrically Symmetric Black Hole in Anti-de Sitter Space-Time

Applying Parikh-Wilzcek＇s semi-classical quantum tunneling model, we study the Hawking radiation of charged particles as tunneling from the event horizon of a cylindrically symmetric black hole in anti-de Sitter space-time. The derived result shows that the tunneling rate of charged particles is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and that the radiation spectrum is not strictly pure thermal after taking the black hole background dynamical and self-gravitation interaction into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

Charged Particles’ Tunneling from Hot-NUT-Kerr-Newman-Kasuya Spacetime

We study the Hawking radiation as charged particles’ tunneling across the horizons of the Hot-NUT-Kerr-Newman-Kasuya spacetime by considering the spacetime background as dynamical and incorporating the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles when the energy conservation, the angular momentum conservation, and the electric charge conservation are taken into account. Our result shows that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the radiant spectrum is not pure thermal, but is consistent with an underlying unitary theory. The emission process is a reversible one, and the information is preserved as a natural result of the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To my teacher late Prof. Mainuddin Ahmed.     

Charged particle's tunneling from a dilaton black hole

Hawking radiation viewed as a semi-classical tunneling process of charged particles from the event horizon of the Garfinkle–Horne dilaton black hole is investigated by taking into account not only energy conservation but also electric charge conservation. Our results show that when the effect of the emitted massive charged particle's self-gravitation is incorporated, the tunneling rate is related to the change of the black hole's Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and the emission spectrum deviates from the purely thermal spectrum.     

Grand Canonical Ensemble Interpretation for Charged Particle Quantum Tunneling Radiation

In this paper, we present a grand canonical ensemble interpretation for the massive charged particles tunneling from a charged black hole. The probability distribution function corresponding the emission shell system is derived in details, and the expression is same as the tunneling rate in Parikh-Wilzeck framework. With this result, the statistical significance of the quantum tunneling radiation is discussed.     

Charged particle's tunneling radiation from the charged BTZ black hole

An extension of the Parikh–Wilczek's semi-classical quantum tunneling method, the tunneling radiation of the charged particle from a charged BTZ black hole was investigated. Difference from the uncharged mass-less particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunneling from the black hole is not light-like, but determined by the phase velocity. The derived result shows that the tunneling rate depends on the emitted particle's energy and electric charge, and takes the same functional form as uncharged particle. It also prove that the exact emission spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory.     

The image potential in scanning transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract

We sketch developments in the theory of the self-energy of charged particles moving near condensed matter surfaces. Some applications to experimental results from spectroscopy with electrons localized in microprobe beams and to electrons tunneling across a gap between two metals are considered.     

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles via Tunneling from Arbitrarily Dimensional Reissner-Nordström Black Holes

Parikh-Wilzcek’s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as semi-classical tunneling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner- Nordström black hole, indicates that self-gravitation gives a correction to the Hawking precisely thermal spectrum and the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein- Hawking, but satisfies the underlying unitary theory. In this paper, we extend the model to study the Hawking radiation of charged particles via tunneling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes, and obtain the same result as Parikh-Wilzcek’s. Meanwhile, in this framework, we point out that the first law of the black hole thermodynamics is reliable and the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process.     

Hawking Radiation from Charged Kerr Black Hole Beyond Semi-classical Approximation

The Hawking radiation from charged Kerr black hole via the method beyond semi-classical approximation is studied. In our work, we apply the WKB approximation method and the quantum tunneling method, then calculate the tunneling rate and further correct Hawking entropy to charged Kerr black hole. It is shown that the result is still in agreement with the unitary theory, the entropy of the black hole contains three parts: the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, the logarithmic term and the inverse area term. Apart from coefficients, our correction to the charged Kerr black hole entropy is consistent with results of loop quantum gravity.     

静态 dilaton 黑洞中带电磁荷粒子的隧穿效应

利用Parikh 和 Wilczek的隧穿模型,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,通过计算带有电荷和磁荷的粒子在事件视界上的隧穿概率,研究了该黑洞的Hawking辐射.在粒子的隧穿过程中,强调了时空的能量守恒和电磁荷守恒,考虑了隧穿粒子对背景时空的反作用.计算表明,在Gibbons-Maeda dilaton 黑洞时空中,带电磁荷的粒子通过事件视界的隧穿概率取决于粒子出射前后黑洞熵的变化.这表示,黑洞辐射过程中可以满足信息守恒和量子理论的幺正性. 关键词： 黑洞 霍金辐射 量子理论     

Tunneling Radiation of a Torus-Like Black Hole in Anti-de Sitter Space-Time

An extension of the Parikh-Wilczek's semi-classical quantum tunneling method, the tunneling radiation of the charged particle from a torus-like black hole is investigated. Difference from the uncharged mass-less particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunneling from the black hole is not light-like, but determined by the phase velocity. The derived result shows that the tunneling rate depends on the emitted particle's energy and electric charge, and takes the same functional form as uncharged particle. It proves also that the exact emission spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. PACS Numbers: 04.70.Dy, 97.60.Lf, 05.30.Ch.     

Charged Fermions Tunneling from a Rotating Charged Black Hole in 5-Dimensional Gauged Supergravity

Recent research shows that Hawking radiation from black hole horizoncan be treated as a quantum tunneling process, and fermions tunneling method can successfully recover Hawking temperature. In this tunneling framework, choosing a set of appropriate matrices γ^μ is an important technique for fermions tunneling method. In this paper, motivated by Kerner and Man's fermions tunneling method of 4 dimension black holes, we further improve the analysis to investigate Hawking tunneling radiation from a rotating charged black hole in 5-dimensional gauged supergravity byconstructing a set of appropriate matrices γ^μ for general covariant Dirac equation. Finally, the expected Hawking temperature of the black hole is correctly recovered, which takes the same form as that obtained by other methods. This method is universal, and can also be directly extend to the other different-type 5-dimensional charged black holes.     

Tunneling Radiation Characteristic of the Charged Particle from the Reissner–Nordström–anti de Sitter Black Hole

Applying Parikh’s semi-classical quantum tunneling method, the tunneling radiation characteristic of the charged particle from the event horizon of the Reissner–Nordström–anti de Sitter black hole is researched. The result shows the derived spectrum is not purely thermal one, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory, which gives a might explanation to the information loss paradox and is the correct amendment to the Hawking radiation.     

Dark viscous fluid coupled with dark matter and future singularity

Motivated by Kerner and Man’s fermions tunneling method of dimension 4 black holes, in this paper, we further improve the analysis to investigate Hawking radiation of charged Dirac particles with spin 1/2 from general non-extremal rotating charged black holes with two parameters and a non-zero cosmological constant in minimal five-dimensional gauged supergravity. For space-times with different horizon topology and different dimensions, constructing a set of appropriate γ ^μ matrices for general covariant Dirac equation is an important technique for the fermion tunneling method. By introducing a set of appropriate matrices γ ^μ and employing the ansatz for the spin-up spinor field, we successfully recovered the tunneling probability of charged Dirac particles and the expected Hawking temperature of the black hole, which is exactly consistent with that obtained by other methods. Moreover, the fermion tunneling method can be directly applied to the other five-dimensional charged black holes, which strengthens the validity and power of the fermion tunneling method.     

Quantum Tunneling of Dirac Particles from?the?Generalized Spherical Symmetric Evaporating Charged Black Hole

Kerner and Mann’s recent research shows that, for an uncharged and non-rotating black hole, its Hawking temperature and tunneling rate can be exactly obtained by the fermion tunneling method from its event horizon. In this paper, considering the tunneling charged particles with spin 1/2, we extend Kerner and Mann’s method to the generalized spherical symmetric evaporating charged black hole which is non-stationary. In order to investigate the fermion tunneling through the event horizon, we choose a set of appropriate matrices γ ^μ . As a result, the tunneling probability and truly effective temperature are well recovered by charged fermions tunneling from the black hole.     

Spin Exchange Between Charged Paramagnetic Particles in Dilute Solutions

Kinetic equations for the spin density matrix which take into account binary collisions and a method of calculating the spin exchange effective radius have been generalized to the case of dilute solutions of charged paramagnetic particles. The effective radius of the spin exchange and rate constant of the bimolecular spin exchange between charged paramagnetic particles in solutions have been calculated numerically. Calculations have been performed under the assumption that the exchange interaction is isotropic and decays exponentially with the increase in the distance between radicals, and the solution has a given dielectric permittivity and Debye screening radius. Dependences of the spin exchange rate constant on the mutual diffusion coefficient, exchange and electrostatic interactions parameters have been found numerically. The theory has been applied to experimental results taken from the literature. The rate constant of the spin exchange between radicals of like charge found from the experiment and calculated within the developed theory are in good qualitative agreement .     

Hawking Radiation of the Charged Particle via Tunneling from the Kaluza-Klein Black Hole

In this paper, by applying the Lagrangian analysis on the action, we first redefine the geodesic equation of the charged massive particle. Then, basing on the new definition of the geodesic equation, we revisit the Hawking radiation of the charged massive particle via tunneling from the event horizon of the Kaluza-Klein black hole. In our treatment, the geodesic equation of the charged massive particle is defined uniformly with that of the massless particle, which overcomes the shortcomings of its previous definition, and is more suitable for the tunneling mechanism. The highlight of our work is a new and important development for the Parikh-Wilczek’s tunneling method.     

Charged Particle Emission and Detection Sources in Quantum Field Theory and Infrared Photons

A study is carried out of the fundamental roles played by emission and detection sources of charged particles in quantum field theory by incorporating the unavoidable fact that charged particles feel the presence of each other even when they are widely separated at the emission and detection sites due to the long range effect of the electromagnetic interaction. It is shown that the emission and detection sources as amplitudes of emission and detection of charged particles are to have given specific coupling dependent phase factors for a correct formulation of the problem. Composite sources are introduced for emitting and detecting “clusters” of charged particles. Finally a complete cancellation of the so-called relativistic Dalitz phase factor occurs prior to computing transition rates and probabilities. This work generalizes our earlier work (Fortschr. Phys. 34 , 835 (1986)) dealing with the non-relativistic Coulomb problem.     

Hawking Radiation of the Charged Particles via Tunneling from the (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>+2)-Dimensional Topological Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter Black Hole

Extending Parikh-Wilczek’s semi-classical tunneling method, we discuss the Hawking radiation of the charged massive particles via tunneling from the cosmological horizon of (n+2)-dimensional Topological Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole.The result shows that, when energy conservation and electric charge conservation are taken into account, the derived spectrum deviates from the pure thermal one, but satisfies the unitary theory, which provides a probability for the solution of the information loss paradox.     

Charged Particles of Energy in Excess of Evaporation Energy from K−-Meson Absorption by Nuclei

It is shown that, upon the stopping of a negatively charged kaon and its absorption by a nucleus, there arise particles whose appearance does not comply with thermodynamic evaporation theory. An identification of these particles by various methods makes it possible to evaluate the nearly identical yields of ³H and ³He nuclei. This result may serve as an indication that direct reactions induced by interaction with ⁴He are observed in K⁻-meson absorption in nuclei.